Tunneling: A Practical Treatise

About this eBook

Author

Prelini, Charles

Title

Tunneling: A Practical Treatise.

Credits

Produced by deaurider, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

TF: Technology: Railroad engineering and operation

Subject

Tunneling

Category

Text

eBook-No.

60043

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60043

Release Date

August 3, 2019

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.TUNNELING : A PRACTICAL TREATISE
2. 2.PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
5. 5.INTRODUCTION — THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TUNNEL BUILDING.
6. 6.CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS. CHOICE BETWEEN A TUNNEL AND OPEN CUT. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS. — CHOICE BETWEEN A TUNNEL AND AN OPEN CUT. — THE METHOD AND PURPOSE OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS. — Character of Material. — Inclination of Strata. — Presence of Water.
7. 7.CHAPTER II. METHODS OF DETERMINING THE CENTER LINE AND FORMS AND DIMENSIONS OF CROSS-SECTION. — DETERMINING THE CENTER LINE. — Rectilinear Tunnels. — Curvilinear Tunnels. — FORM AND DIMENSIONS OF CROSS-SECTION. — Form of Section. — Dimensions of Section.
8. 8.CHAPTER III. EXCAVATING MACHINES AND ROCK DRILLS: EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING. — Earth-Excavating Machines. — Rock-Excavating Machines. — Hand Drills. — Power Drills. — Percussion Drills. — Drill Mountings. — Rotary Drills. — EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING. — Gunpowder. — Nitroglycerine. — Dynamite. — Storage of Explosives. — Fuses. — Tamping. — Nature of Explosions.
9. 9.CHAPTER IV. GENERAL METHODS OF EXCAVATION: SHAFTS: CLASSIFICATION OF TUNNELS. — Division of Section. — Excavation of the Heading. — Enlargement of the Profile. — SHAFTS. — CLASSIFICATION OF TUNNELS. — Tunnels in Hard Rock. — Tunnels in Loose Soils. — Tunnels in Quicksand. — Open-Cut Tunnels. — Submarine Tunnels.
10. 10.CHAPTER V. METHODS OF TIMBERING OR STRUTTING TUNNELS. — TIMBER STRUTTING. — Strutting of Headings. — Strutting the Face. — Full Section Timber Strutting. — Strutting of Shafts. — Quantity of Timber. — Dimensions of Timber. — IRON STRUTTING. — Iron Strutting in Headings. — Full Section Iron Strutting. — Iron Shaft Strutting.
11. 11.CHAPTER VI. METHODS OF HAULING IN TUNNELS. — Hauling by Way of Entrances. — Hauling by Way of Shafts. — Hoisting Machinery.
12. 12.CHAPTER VII. TYPES OF CENTERS AND MOLDS EMPLOYED IN CONSTRUCTING TUNNEL LININGS OF MASONRY. — Ground Molds. — Leading Frames. — Arch Centers. — Setting Up Centers. — Lagging. — Striking the Centers.
13. 13.CHAPTER VIII. METHODS OF LINING TUNNELS. — Timber Lining. — Iron Lining. — Iron and Masonry Lining. — Masonry Lining. — Foundations. — Side Walls. — Roof Arch. — Invert. — General Observations. — Thickness of Lining Masonry. — Side Tunnels. — Culverts. — Niches. — Entrances.
14. 14.CHAPTER IX. TUNNELS THROUGH HARD ROCK; GENERAL DISCUSSION; REPRESENTATIVE MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR TUNNEL WORK. — Steam-Power Plant. — Reservoirs. — Canals and Pipe Lines. — Turbines. — Air Compressors. — Receivers. — Rock Drills. — Excavation. — Rock Tunnels. — Mont Cenis Power Plant. — Hoosac Tunnel. — Palisades Tunnel. — Croton Aqueduct Tunnel. — Strickler Tunnel. — Niagara Falls Power Tunnel. — Cascade Tunnel. — Graveholz Tunnel. — Sonnstein Tunnel. — St. Clair River Tunnel.
15. 15.CHAPTER X. TUNNELS THROUGH HARD ROCK (Continued). — EXCAVATION BY DRIFTS: THE SIMPLON AND MURRAY HILL TUNNELS. — General Description. — THE SIMPLON TUNNEL. [8] — Geological Conditions. — Survey. — Method of Checking Alinement. — Details of Tunnels. — Method of Excavation. — Transport (Italian Side). — Method of Working. — Power Station. — Ventilation. — THE MURRAY HILL TUNNEL. — Material Penetrated. — Cross-Section. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Hauling. — Concrete Lining. — Plant. — Ventilation. — Illumination.
16. 16.CHAPTER XI. TUNNELS THROUGH HARD ROCK (Continued).—EXCAVATION BY HEADINGS. — EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN METHODS. — General Discussion. — ST. GOTHARD TUNNEL. — Material Penetrated. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Masonry. — Mechanical Installation. — Hauling. — FORT GEORGE TUNNEL. [10] — Material. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Hauling. — Lining. — COMPARISON OF METHODS.
17. 17.CHAPTER XII. EXCAVATING TUNNELS THROUGH SOFT GROUND; GENERAL DISCUSSION; THE BELGIAN METHOD. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. — Characteristics of Soft-Ground Tunneling. — Methods of Soft-Ground Tunneling. — THE BELGIAN METHOD OF TUNNELING THROUGH SOFT GROUND. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Centers. — Masonry. — Hauling. — Modifications. — Advantages. — Disadvantages. — Accidents and Repairs.
18. 18.CHAPTER XIII. THE GERMAN METHOD—EXCAVATING TUNNELS THROUGH SOFT GROUND (Continued); BALTIMORE BELT LINE TUNNEL. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Masonry. — Centering. — Hauling. — Advantages and Disadvantages. — BALTIMORE BELT LINE TUNNEL. — Material Penetrated. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Centers. — Masonry. — Accidents.
19. 19.CHAPTER XIV. THE FULL SECTION METHOD OF TUNNELING: ENGLISH METHOD; AMERICAN METHOD; AUSTRIAN METHOD. — ENGLISH METHOD. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Centers. — Masonry. — Hauling. — Advantages and Disadvantages. — Conclusion. — AMERICAN METHOD. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Centers. — Hauling. — AUSTRIAN METHOD. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Centers. — Masonry. — Advantages and Disadvantages.
20. 20.CHAPTER XV. SPECIAL TREACHEROUS GROUND METHOD; ITALIAN METHOD; QUICKSAND TUNNELING; PILOT METHOD. — ITALIAN METHOD. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Centers. — Masonry. — Hauling. — Modifications. — Advantages and Disadvantages. — QUICKSAND TUNNELING. — Excavation. — Strutting. — Masonry. — Removing the Seepage Water. — THE PILOT METHOD.
21. 21.CHAPTER XVI. OPEN-CUT TUNNELING METHODS; TUNNELS UNDER CITY STREETS; BOSTON SUBWAY AND NEW YORK RAPID TRANSIT. — OPEN-CUT TUNNELING. — Single Longitudinal Trench. — The Single Narrow Longitudinal Trench. — Parallel Longitudinal Trenches. — Transverse Trenches. — Tunnels on the Surface. — Concluding Remarks. — TUNNELS UNDER CITY STREETS. — Conditions of Work. — Boston Subway. — New York Rapid Transit Railway.
22. 22.CHAPTER XVII. SUBMARINE TUNNELING: GENERAL DISCUSSION.—THE SEVERN TUNNEL. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. — THE SEVERN TUNNEL.
23. 23.CHAPTER XVIII. SUBMARINE TUNNELING (Continued); THE COMPRESSED AIR METHOD.—THE MILWAUKEE WATER-WORKS TUNNEL. — THE MILWAUKEE WATER-WORKS TUNNEL.
24. 24.CHAPTER XIX. SUBMARINE TUNNELING (Continued). — THE SHIELD SYSTEM. — Historical Introduction. — Prelini’s Shield. — SHIELD CONSTRUCTION. — General Form. — The Shell. — Front-End Construction. — Cellular Division. — The Diaphragm. — Rear-end Construction. — Jacks. — LINING.
25. 25.CHAPTER XX. SUBMARINE TUNNELING (Continued). — THE SHIELD AND COMPRESSED AIR METHOD. THE HUDSON RIVER TUNNEL OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. — THE HUDSON RIVER TUNNELS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. [13] — Shield. — Hydraulic Rams. — Erector. — Air Locks. — Excavation. — Rock. — Mixed Face. — Sand and Gravel. — Silt. — Lining. — Grouting. — Hauling. — Plant. — Illumination.
26. 26.CHAPTER XXI. SUBMARINE TUNNELING (Continued); TUNNELS AT VERY SHALLOW DEPTH. THE COFFERDAM METHOD. THE PNEUMATIC CAISSON METHOD. THE JOINING TOGETHER SECTIONS OF TUNNELS BUILT ON LAND. — The Cofferdam Method. — The Van Buren Street Tunnel, Chicago River. — — VAN BUREN STREET TUNNEL, CHICAGO. — THE PNEUMATIC CAISSON METHOD.—THE TUNNEL UNDER THE HARLEM RIVER. — The Harlem River Tunnel. — SINKING AND JOINING TOGETHER SECTIONS OF TUNNELS BUILT ON LAND. THE SEINE. THE DETROIT RIVER TUNNELS. — The Tunnel under the Seine River. — The Detroit River Tunnel.
27. 27.CHAPTER XXII. ACCIDENTS AND REPAIRS IN TUNNELS DURING AND AFTER CONSTRUCTION. — Accidents During Construction. — Causes of Collapse. — Prevention of Collapse. — Repairing Failures. — Accidents After Construction. — Giovi Tunnel Accident. — Chattanooga Tunnel.
28. 28.CHAPTER XXIII. RELINING TIMBER-LINED TUNNELS WITH MASONRY. — Boulder Tunnel. — Mullan Tunnel. — Little Tom Tunnel.
29. 29.CHAPTER XXIV. THE VENTILATION AND LIGHTING OF TUNNELS DURING CONSTRUCTION. — VENTILATION. — Natural Ventilation. — Artificial Ventilation. — Vacuum Method Contrivances. — Plenum Method Contrivances. — Saccardo’s System. — Compressed Air. — Quantity of Air. — LIGHTING. — Lamps and Lanterns. — Coal-gas Lighting. — Acetylene Gas Lighting. — Electric Lighting.
30. 30.CHAPTER XXV. THE COST OF TUNNEL EXCAVATION AND THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE WORK. — Cost. — Time.
31. 31.INDEX
32. 32.Transcriber’s Notes

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