The Rare Earths

About this eBook

Author

Levy, Stanley Isaac

Title

The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and Technology

Credits

Produced by deaurider, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

QD: Science: Chemistry

Subject

Rare earths

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 62923

Release Date

August 13, 2020

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE RARE EARTHS
2. 2.PREFACE
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THE REFERENCES
5. 5.INTRODUCTION By Sir William Crookes , O.M., F.E.S.
6. 6.PART I OCCURRENCE OF THE RARE EARTHS — CHAPTER I THE NATURE OF THE MINERALS AND THEIR MODE OF OCCURRENCE — Alphabetical List of Minerals containing Titanium, Zirconium, Thorium, or Elements of the Cerium and Yttrium Groups. — CHAPTER II THE SILICATES — ( a ) Silicates of the Yttrium and Cerium Metals — ( b ) Silicates of Thorium and Zirconium — ( c ) Complex Silicates — CHAPTER III THE TITANO-SILICATES AND TITANATES — ( a ) The Titano-Silicates — ( b ) The Titanates — CHAPTER IV THE TANTALO-COLUMBATES — ( a ) Tantalo-Columbates containing no Titanium Dioxide — ( b ) Tantalo-Columbates containing Titanium Dioxide — CHAPTER V THE OXIDES AND CARBONATES — ( a ) The Oxides — ( b ) The Carbonates — CHAPTER VI THE PHOSPHATES AND HALIDES — ( a ) The Phosphates — ( b ) The Halides — CHAPTER VII THE MONAZITE SANDS — The North American Deposits [119] — The Brazilian Deposits — CHAPTER VIII RADIOACTIVITY OF THE MINERALS
7. 7.PART II THE CHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS — CHAPTER IX GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE CERIUM AND YTTRIUM GROUPS — The Rare Earth Elements, and the Periodic Classification — CHAPTER X GENERAL METHODS OF SEPARATION — Extraction of the Rare Earths from Minerals — The Spectrum Examination — The Equivalent Weight Determination — CHAPTER XI THE CERIUM GROUP—CERIUM — Cerium , Ce = 140·25 — CHAPTER XII CERIUM GROUP ( continued ) — Lanthanum , Praseodymium , Neodymium , and Samarium — Separation — Lanthanum , La = 139·0 — Praseodymium , Pr = 140·6 — Neodymium , Nd = 144·3. — Samarium , Sa = 150·4 — CHAPTER XIII THE TERBIUM GROUP — Separation — Europium , Eu = 152·0 — Gadolinium , Gd = 157·3. — Terbium , Tb = 159·2 — CHAPTER XIV THE ERBIUM AND YTTERBIUM GROUPS—YTTRIUM AND SCANDIUM — Separation — The Erbium Group — CHAPTER XV THE GROUP IV A ELEMENTS—TITANIUM — Titanium , Ti = 48·1 — CHAPTER XVI THE GROUP IV A ELEMENTS ( continued )—ZIRCONIUM AND THORIUM — Zirconium , Zr = 90·6 — Thorium , Th = 232·4
8. 8.PART III THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE ELEMENTS — CHAPTER XVII THE INCANDESCENT MANTLE INDUSTRY—HISTORICAL AND GENERAL INTRODUCTION — CHAPTER XVIII THE CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MONAZITE — CHAPTER XIX THE MANUFACTURE OF MANTLES FROM COTTON AND RAMIE — Washing. — Impregnation. — The Mantle Head. — Burning off and Shaping. — Collodinisation. — CHAPTER XX ARTIFICIAL SILK—ITS PRODUCTION AND USE IN THE MANTLE INDUSTRY — Chardonnet Process. — The Pauly or Cuprammonium Process. — The Viscose Process. — The Acetate Process. — The Manufacture of Mantles from Artificial Silk. — Impregnation. — ‘Fixing.’ — The Final Stages. — CHAPTER XXI OTHER TECHNOLOGICAL USES OF THE CERIUM AND YTTRIUM ELEMENTS, ZIRCONIUM AND THORIUM — The Cerium Group — Other Alloys. — Industrial Applications of Zirconium — The Technical Uses of Zirconia. — CHAPTER XXII THE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM AND ITS COMPOUNDS — Employment of the Element in Metallurgy. — Application to Arc-lamp Electrodes. — Titanium Compounds in Dyeing and Colouring. — Other Uses of Titanium Compounds. — Estimation of the Element.
9. 9.INDEX
10. 10.Transcriber’s Notes

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