The Psychology of Arithmetic

About this eBook

Author

Thorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee), 1874-1949

Credits

Produced by Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net

Language

English

LoC Class

QA: Science: Mathematics

Subject

Arithmetic -- Study and teaching

Category

Text

eBook-No.

39300

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39300

Release Date

March 29, 2012

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ARITHMETIC — BY EDWARD L. THORNDIKE
2. 2.PREFACE
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS
5. 5.THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ARITHMETIC — THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ARITHMETIC
6. 6.THE NATURE OF ARITHMETICAL ABILITIES — KNOWLEDGE OF THE MEANINGS OF NUMBERS — THE SERIES IDEA OVEREMPHASIZED — THE RATIO IDEA OVEREMPHASIZED — THE RELATIONAL IDEA OVEREMPHASIZED — ARITHMETICAL LANGUAGE — PROBLEM-SOLVING — Samples of Desirable Applications of Arithmetic in Problems where the Situation is Actually Present to Sense in Whole or in Part — Samples of Desirable Applications of Arithmetic where the Situation is Not Present to Sense — A — B — C — Samples of Undesirable Applications of Arithmetic [1] — ARITHMETICAL REASONING — SUMMARY — THE SOCIOLOGY OF ARITHMETIC
7. 7.THE MEASUREMENT OF ARITHMETICAL ABILITIES — A SAMPLE MEASUREMENT OF AN ARITHMETICAL ABILITY: THE ABILITY TO ADD INTEGERS — MEASUREMENTS OF ABILITIES IN COMPUTATION — MEASUREMENTS OF ABILITY IN APPLIED ARITHMETIC: THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS — TEST 1
8. 8.CHAPTER III — THE CONSTITUTION OF ARITHMETICAL ABILITIES — THE ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF ARITHMETICAL LEARNING — KNOWLEDGE OF THE MEANING OF A FRACTION — KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBTRACTION AND DIVISION TABLES — LEARNING THE PROCESSES OF COMPUTATION
9. 9.CHAPTER IV — THE CONSTITUTION OF ARITHMETICAL ABILITIES (CONTINUED): THE SELECTION OF THE BONDS TO BE FORMED — THE IMPORTANCE OF HABIT-FORMATION — DESIRABLE BONDS NOW OFTEN NEGLECTED — WASTEFUL AND HARMFUL BONDS — GUIDING PRINCIPLES
10. 10.CHAPTER V — THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DRILL IN ARITHMETIC: THE STRENGTH OF BONDS — THE NEED OF STRONGER ELEMENTARY BONDS — EARLY MASTERY — THE STRENGTH OF BONDS FOR TEMPORARY SERVICE — THE STRENGTH OF BONDS WITH TECHNICAL FACTS AND TERMS — THE STRENGTH OF BONDS CONCERNING THE REASONS FOR ARITHMETICAL PROCESSES — PROPÆDEUTIC BONDS
11. 11.CHAPTER VI — THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DRILL IN ARITHMETIC: THE AMOUNT OF PRACTICE AND THE ORGANIZATION OF ABILITIES — THE AMOUNT OF PRACTICE — UNDERLEARNING AND OVERLEARNING — THE ORGANIZATION OF ABILITIES
12. 12.CHAPTER VII — THE SEQUENCE OF TOPICS: THE ORDER OF FORMATION OF BONDS — DECREASING INTERFERENCE AND INCREASING FACILITATION — INTEREST — GENERAL PRINCIPLES
13. 13.THE DISTRIBUTION OF PRACTICE — THE PROBLEM — SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONS — POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS
14. 14.CHAPTER IX — THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THINKING: ABSTRACT IDEAS AND GENERAL NOTIONS IN ARITHMETIC [11] — RESPONSES TO ELEMENTS AND CLASSES — FACILITATING THE ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS — SYSTEMATIC AND OPPORTUNISTIC STIMULI TO ANALYSIS — ADAPTATIONS TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS
15. 15.CHAPTER X — THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THINKING: REASONING IN ARITHMETIC — THE ESSENTIALS OF ARITHMETICAL REASONING — REASONING AS THE COÖPERATION OF ORGANIZED HABITS
16. 16.CHAPTER XI — ORIGINAL TENDENCIES AND ACQUISITIONS BEFORE SCHOOL — THE UTILIZATION OF INSTINCTIVE INTERESTS — THE ORDER OF DEVELOPMENT OF ORIGINAL TENDENCIES — INVENTORIES OF ARITHMETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL — THE PERCEPTION OF NUMBER AND QUANTITY — THE EARLY AWARENESS OF NUMBER
17. 17.CHAPTER XII — INTEREST IN ARITHMETIC — CENSUSES OF PUPILS' INTERESTS — RELIEVING EYESTRAIN — SIGNIFICANCE FOR RELATED ACTIVITIES — INTRINSIC INTEREST IN ARITHMETICAL LEARNING
18. 18.CHAPTER XIII — THE CONDITIONS OF LEARNING — EXTERNAL CONDITIONS — CONCERNING THE RATING OF COURSES OF STUDY — THE HYGIENE OF THE EYES IN ARITHMETIC — THE USE OF CONCRETE OBJECTS IN ARITHMETIC — ORAL, MENTAL, AND WRITTEN ARITHMETIC
19. 19.CHAPTER XIV — THE CONDITIONS OF LEARNING: THE PROBLEM ATTITUDE — ILLUSTRATIVE CASES — GENERAL PRINCIPLES — DIFFICULTY AND SUCCESS AS STIMULI — FALSE INFERENCES
20. 20.CHAPTER XV — INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES — NATURE AND AMOUNT — DIFFERENCES WITHIN ONE CLASS — THE CAUSES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES — THE INTERRELATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES — FOOTNOTES
21. 21.BIBLIOGRAPHY OF REFERENCES MADE IN THE TEXT
22. 22.INDEX

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