The Outline of Science, Volume 1 of 4

About this eBook

Author

Thomson, J. Arthur (John Arthur), 1861-1933

Title

The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told

Credits

Produced by Brian Janes, Leonard Johnson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net

Language

English

LoC Class

Q: Science

Subject

Science

Category

Text

eBook-No.

20417

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20417

Release Date

January 22, 2007

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE OUTLINE OF SCIENCE — A PLAIN STORY SIMPLY TOLD — EDITED BY J. ARTHUR THOMSON REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN — IN FOUR VOLUMES — G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON The Knickerbocker press
2. 2.INTRODUCTORY NOTE
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.ILLUSTRATIONS — The Outline of Science
5. 5.INTRODUCTION
6. 6.THE ROMANCE OF THE HEAVENS — THE SCALE OF THE UNIVERSE—THE SOLAR SYSTEM — § 1 — The Heavenly Bodies — § 2 — The Scale of the Universe — Are there other Universes? — THE SOLAR SYSTEM — THE SUN — § 1 — The Solar System — The Sun — Regions of the Sun — § 2 — The Surface of the Sun — Sun-spots — A WONDERFUL INSTRUMENT AND WHAT IT REVEALS — A Unique Discovery — Measuring the Speed of Light — IS THE SUN DYING? — § 3 — THE PLANETS — LIFE IN OTHER WORLDS? — § 1 — The Planet Venus — Is there Life on Mars? — § 2 — Jupiter and Saturn — THE MOON — A Dead World — The Mountains of the Moon — METEORS AND COMETS — Millions of Meteorites — A Great Comet — THE STELLAR UNIVERSE — § 1 — The Evolution of Stars — The Age of Stars — THE NEBULAR THEORY — § 2 — Spiral Nebulæ — THE BIRTH AND DEATH OF STARS — § 3 — Variable, New, and Dark Stars: Dying Suns — The Death and Birth of Stars — THE SHAPE OF OUR UNIVERSE — § 4 — Our Universe a Spiral Nebula — ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS — § 1 — The Telescope — § 2 — The Spectroscope — BIBLIOGRAPHY
7. 7.THE STORY OF EVOLUTION — INTRODUCTORY — THE BEGINNING OF THE EARTH—MAKING A HOME FOR LIFE—THE FIRST LIVING CREATURES — § 1 — § 2 — The Beginning of the Earth — The Nebular Hypothesis — The Growth of the Earth — § 3 — Making a Home for Life — Origin of Living Creatures upon the Earth — § 4 — The First Organisms upon the Earth — FIRST GREAT STEPS IN EVOLUTION — THE FIRST PLANTS—THE FIRST ANIMALS—BEGINNINGS OF BODIES—EVOLUTION OF SEX—BEGINNING OF NATURAL DEATH — § 1 — The Contrast between Plants and Animals — § 2 — The Beginnings of Land Plants — The Protozoa — § 3 — The Making of a Body — The Beginning of Sexual Reproduction — § 4 — The Evolution of Sex — § 5 — The Beginning of Natural Death — § 6 — Great Acquisitions — THE INCLINED PLANE OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR — § 1 — Evolution of Mind — The Trial and Error Method — Reflex Actions — What are Called Tropisms — § 2 — Instinctive Behaviour — Animal Intelligence — § 3 — Evolution of Parental Care — § 4 — The Cradle of the Open Sea — The Great Deeps — The Freshwaters — Conquest of the Dry Land — Methods of Mastering the Difficulties of Terrestrial Life — Conquering the Air — THE PROCESSION OF LIFE THROUGH THE AGES — § 1 — The Rock Record — The Use of Fossils — § 2 — The Geological Time-table — The Establishment of Invertebrate Stocks — § 3 — The Era of Ancient Life (Palæozoic) — EVOLUTION OF LAND ANIMALS — § 1 — Giant Amphibians and Coal-measures — The Acquisitions of Amphibians. — Evolution of the Voice — § 2 — The Early Reptiles — Disappearance of many Ancient Types — THE GEOLOGICAL MIDDLE AGES — § 1 — The Mesozoic Era — The Flying Dragons — The First Known Bird — § 2 — The Cenozoic or Tertiary Era — § 3 — The Ascent of Man — The Evolving System of Nature — Parasitism — THE EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION—HOW IT CAME ABOUT — § 1 — Progress in Evolution — Evidences of Evolution — § 2 — Factors in Evolution — BIBLIOGRAPHY
8. 8.ADAPTATIONS TO ENVIRONMENT — ADAPTATIONS TO ENVIRONMENT — I. THE SHORE OF THE SEA — The Seaweed Area — Conditions of Shore Life — Keen Struggle for Existence — Shifts for a Living — Parental Care on the Shore — II. THE OPEN SEA — The Floating Sea-meadows — Swimmers and Drifters — Hunger and Love — III. THE DEEP SEA — Physical Conditions — Biological Conditions — Adaptations to Deep-sea Life — IV. THE FRESH WATERS — V. THE DRY LAND — Difficulties and Results of the Transition from Water to Land — VI. THE AIR — BIBLIOGRAPHY
9. 9.THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE — ANIMAL AND BIRD MIMICRY AND DISGUISE — § 1 — Colour Permanently Like That of Surroundings — § 2 — Gradual Change of Colour — Seasonal Change of Colouring — § 3 — Rapid Colour-change — The Case of Chameleons — § 4 — Likeness to Other Things — § 5 — Mimicry in the True Sense — Masking — § 6 — Other Kinds of Elusiveness
10. 10.THE ASCENT OF MAN — THE ASCENT OF MAN — § 1 — Anatomical Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock — § 2 — Physiological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock — Embryological Proof of Man's Relationship with a Simian Stock — § 3 — Man's Pedigree — Man's Arboreal Apprenticeship — § 4 — Tentative Men — Primitive Men — Retrospect — Races of Mankind — Steps in Human Evolution — Factors in Human Progress — BIBLIOGRAPHY
11. 11.EVOLUTION GOING ON — EVOLUTION GOING ON — Evolutionary Prospect for Man — The Fountain of Change: Variability — The Sporting Jellyfish — § 1 — Evolution of Plants — The Romance of the Wheat — § 2 — Changes in the Animal Life of a Country — § 3 — The Adventurers — The Case of the Robber Crab — The Story of the Salmon — Interpretation of the Salmon's Story — The Romance of the Eel — § 4 — Forming New Habits — Experiments in Locomotion — New Devices — In Conclusion
12. 12.THE DAWN OF MIND — THE DAWN OF MIND — § 1 — Two Extremes to be Avoided — A Caution in Regard to Instinct — § 2 — A Useful Law — Senses of Fishes — Interesting Ways of Fishes — The Stickleback's Nest — The Mind of a Minnow — § 3 — The Mind of Amphibians — Senses of Amphibians — Experiments in Parental Care — § 4 — The Reptilian Mind — § 5 — Mind in Birds — Instinctive Aptitudes — Intelligence co-operating with Instinct — Using their Wits — The Thrush's Anvil — § 6 — The Mind of the Mammal — Instinctive Aptitudes — Sheer Dexterity — Power of Association — The Dancing Mouse as a Pupil — Learning Tricks — Using their Wits — § 7 — Why is there not more Intelligence? — Experimentation in Play — Other Glimpses of Intelligence — THE MIND OF MONKEYS — § 8 — Keen Senses — Power of Manipulation — Activity for Activity's Sake — Sheer Quickness — Quick to Learn — The Case of Sally — The Case of Lizzie — Trial and Error — Imitation — The Case of Peter — The Bustle of the Mind — "Until at last arose the Man." — § 9 — Looking Backwards — Body and Mind — In conclusion
13. 13.FOUNDATIONS OF THE UNIVERSE — THE WORLD OF ATOMS — § 1 — The Bricks of the Cosmos — § 2 — The Wonder-World of Atoms — The Energy of Atoms — § 3 — THE DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS AND RADIUM — The Discovery of Sir Wm. Crookes — § 4 — The Discovery of X-rays — Discovery of Radium — THE DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON AND HOW IT EFFECTED A REVOLUTION IN IDEAS — § 5 — The Discovery of the Electron — The Key to many Mysteries — § 6 — THE ELECTRON THEORY, OR THE NEW VIEW OF MATTER — The Structure of the Atom — § 7 — The New View of Matter — § 8 — Other New Views — § 9 — The Future — WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? — The Nature of Electricity — § 10 — What an Electric Current is — What the Dynamo does — § 11 — Magnetism — ETHER AND WAVES — Ether and Waves — Below the Limits of Visibility — LIGHT—VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE — Electrons and Light — Sorting out Light-waves — LIGHTNING — The Fate of the World — § 12 — What the Blue "Sky" means — Light without Heat — ENERGY: HOW ALL LIFE DEPENDS ON IT — Forms of Energy — What Heat is — § 13 — Substitutes for Coal — § 14 — Dissipation of Energy — What a Uniform Temperature would mean — § 15 — MATTER, ETHER, AND EINSTEIN — INFLUENCE OF THE TIDES: ORIGIN OF THE MOON: THE EARTH SLOWING DOWN — § 16 — The Earth Pulled by the Moon — The Action of Sun and Moon — § 17 — Origin of the Moon — The Earth Slowing down — The Day Becoming Longer — BIBLIOGRAPHY

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