The Negro in Chicago

About this eBook

Author

Chicago Commission on Race Relations

Title

The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot

Credits

Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

F516: United States local history: Ohio River and Valley.

Subject

Chicago (Ill.) -- Race relations

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 57343

Release Date

June 17, 2018

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Untitled
2. 2.Untitled
3. 3.Untitled
4. 4.Untitled
5. 5.TABLE OF CONTENTS
6. 6.LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
7. 7.LIST OF MAPS
8. 8.FOREWORD
9. 9.INTRODUCTION
10. 10.THE PROBLEM
11. 11.CHAPTER I THE CHICAGO RIOT July 27-August 2, 1919
12. 12.CHAPTER II OTHER OUTBREAKS IN ILLINOIS — I. Minor Clashes in and near Chicago — 1. CLASHES IN CHICAGO PRECEDING THE RIOT OF 1919 — 2. RACIAL OUTBREAK IN WAUKEGAN May 31 and June 2, 1920 — 3. THE "ABYSSINIAN" AFFAIR — 4. THE BARRETT MURDER — II. The Springfield Riot August 14-15, 1908 — III. East St. Louis Riots May 28 and July 2, 1917
13. 13.CHAPTER III THE MIGRATION OF NEGROES FROM THE SOUTH — I. INTRODUCTION — II. CAUSES OF THE MIGRATION — I. ECONOMIC CAUSES OF THE MIGRATION — A. THE SOUTH — B. THE NORTH — II. SENTIMENTAL CAUSES OF THE MIGRATION — III. BEGINNING AND SPREAD OF MIGRATION — IV. THE ARRIVAL IN CHICAGO — V. ADJUSTMENTS TO CHICAGO LIFE — VI. MIGRANTS IN CHICAGO — VII. EFFORTS TO CHECK MIGRATION
14. 14.CHAPTER IV THE NEGRO POPULATION OF CHICAGO — A. DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY — B. NEIGHBORHOODS OF NEGRO RESIDENCE — I. ADJUSTED NEIGHBORHOODS — II. NON-ADJUSTED NEIGHBORHOODS — III. BOMBINGS — IV. TREND OF THE NEGRO POPULATION — V. OUTLYING NEIGHBORHOODS — C. THE NEGRO COMMUNITY — I. THE BEGINNING OF THE NEGRO COMMUNITY — II. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NEGRO COMMUNITY
15. 15.CHAPTER V THE NEGRO HOUSING PROBLEM — A. A STUDY OF NEGRO FAMILIES — I. GENERAL LIVING CONDITIONS — II. WHY NEGROES MOVE — III. THE FAMILY GROUPING — IV. HOW NEGRO FAMILIES LIVE — V. A GROUP OF FAMILY HISTORIES — B. PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF NEGRO HOUSING — I. "TYPE A" HOUSES — II. "TYPE B" HOUSES — III. "TYPE C" HOUSES — IV. "TYPE D" HOUSES — V. NEIGHBORHOOD IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS — VI. EFFORTS OF SOCIAL AGENCIES — VII. EFFORTS OF INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDERS — C. NEGROES AND PROPERTY DEPRECIATION — I. GENERAL FACTORS IN DEPRECIATION OF RESIDENCE PROPERTY — II. DEPRECIATION ON THE SOUTH SIDE — III. DEPRECIATION AFTER THE COMING OF NEGROES — IV. DEPRECIATION IN HYDE PARK — D. FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF NEGRO HOUSING — I. NEGRO PROPERTY CONSIDERED A POOR RISK — II. NEGROES AS HOME OWNERS — III. REAL ESTATE LOANS TO NEGROES — IV. FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF NEGROES
16. 16.CHAPTER VI RACIAL CONTACTS — INTRODUCTION — A. LEGAL STATUS OF NEGROES IN ILLINOIS — I. CIVIL RIGHTS IN PUBLIC PLACES — II. DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS — B. CONTACTS IN CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS — I. PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT OF SCHOOLS — II. SCHOOL CONTACT PROBLEMS — III. RETARDATION — C. CONTACTS IN RECREATION — I. CLASSIFICATION OF FACILITIES — II. DISTRIBUTION OF FACILITIES IN RELATION TO NEGRO AREAS — III. USE OF FACILITIES — IV. CONTACTS — V. TRAINING FOR RECREATION DIRECTORS — VI. SUMMARY — D. CONTACTS IN TRANSPORTATION — I. INTRODUCTION — II. DISTRIBUTION OF NEGRO TRAFFIC — III. CONDUCT RESULTING FROM CONTACTS — E. CONTACTS IN OTHER RELATIONS — I. CONTACTS IN PUBLIC PLACES — II. "BLACK AND TAN" RESORTS — III. CULTURAL CONTACTS — IV. CONTACTS IN CO-OPERATIVE EFFORTS FOR RACE BETTERMENT
17. 17.CHAPTER VII CRIME AND VICIOUS ENVIRONMENT — I. GENERAL CRIME SITUATION — II. PREVALENT IMPRESSIONS REGARDING NEGRO CRIME — III. CRIMINAL STATISTICS — IV. THE NEGRO IN THE COURTS — 1. JUVENILE COURT — 2. BUREAU OF IDENTIFICATION — 3. PROBATION AND PAROLE — 4. INSTITUTIONAL INQUIRY — 5. OTHER CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS — V. NEGRO CRIME AND ENVIRONMENT — VI. VIEWS OF AUTHORITIES ON CRIME AMONG NEGROES — 1. FEWER PROFESSIONAL AND BANDED CRIMINALS AMONG NEGROES — 2. SEX CRIME AMONG NEGROES AS COMPARED WITH WHITES — 3. OFFENSES AGAINST MORALS — 4. LYING AND STEALING — 5. TYPES OF NEGRO CRIMES — 6. MENTAL — 7. CHANGE IN CHARACTER OF CRIME OR INCREASE IN CRIME DUE TO MIGRATION — 8. LIABILITY OF THE NEGRO TO ARREST — 9. DISCRIMINATION IN THE COURTS — 10. EASE WITH WHICH NEGROES ARE CONVICTED — 11. LEGAL REPRESENTATION FOR NEGRO DEFENDANTS — 12. IDENTIFICATION — 13. PROBATION ON PAROLE — 14. ENVIRONMENT: VICE IN NEGRO RESIDENCE AREAS — 15. ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS OF NEGRO CRIME
18. 18.CHAPTER VIII THE NEGRO IN INDUSTRY — A. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CONDITIONS — I. INTRODUCTION — II. THE NEGRO IN CHICAGO INDUSTRIES IN 1910 AND 1920 — III. EMPLOYERS' EXPERIENCE WITH NEGRO LABOR — IV. INDUSTRY AS THE NEGRO SEES IT — V. INDUSTRIES EXCLUDING THE NEGRO — VI. RELATIONS OF WHITE AND COLORED WORKERS — VII. FUTURE OF THE NEGRO IN CHICAGO INDUSTRIES — B. ORGANIZED LABOR AND THE NEGRO WORKER — I. INTRODUCTION — II. POLICY OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR AND OTHER FEDERATIONS — III. POLICY OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL UNIONS — IV. ATTITUDE AND POLICY OF LOCAL UNIONS IN CHICAGO — V. ATTITUDE OF NEGROES TOWARD UNION ORGANIZATION — VI. THE NEGRO AND STRIKES — VII. ATTITUDE AND OPINIONS OF LABOR LEADERS
19. 19.CHAPTER IX PUBLIC OPINION IN RACE RELATIONS — A. OPINIONS OF WHITES AND NEGROES — I. BELIEFS CONCERNING NEGROES — II. BACKGROUND OF PREVAILING BELIEFS CONCERNING NEGROES — III. TYPES OF SENTIMENTS AND ATTITUDES — IV. SELF-ANALYSIS BY FIFTEEN WHITE CITIZENS — V. PUBLIC OPINION AS EXPRESSED BY NEGROES — VI. OPINIONS OF FIFTEEN NEGROES ON DEFINITE RACIAL PROBLEMS
20. 20.CHAPTER X PUBLIC OPINION IN RACE RELATIONS— Continued B. INSTRUMENTS OF OPINION MAKING — I. THE PRESS — 1. GENERAL SURVEY OF CHICAGO NEWSPAPERS — 2. INTENSIVE STUDY OF CHICAGO NEWSPAPERS — 3. NEWSPAPER POLICY REGARDING NEGRO NEWS — 4. THE NEGRO PRESS — II. RUMOR — 1. AN IMPRESSION STUDY — 2. THE BUBBLY CREEK RUMOR — 3. RIOT RUMORS — 4. RUMORS PREDICTING RIOTS — 5. RUMORS CONCERNING NEGRO RADICALS — 6. RUMOR WITHIN THE NEGRO GROUP — 7. RUMORS OF ATROCITIES — 8. RUMORS AND THE MIGRATION — III. MYTHS — 1. THE RAPE MYTH — 2. THE SEX MYTH — IV. PROPAGANDA — 1. EDUCATIONAL PROPAGANDA — 2. RADICAL AND REVOLUTIONARY PROPAGANDA — 3. MALICIOUS PROPAGANDA — 4. DEFENSIVE PROPAGANDA — V. CONCLUSIONS
21. 21.CHAPTER XI SUMMARY OF THE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION — THE SUMMARY — I. The Chicago Riot — 1. BACKGROUND — 2. STORY OF THE RIOT — 3. RUMORS AND THE RIOT — 4. CONDUCT OF THE POLICE — 5. THE MILITIA — 6. RESTORATION OF ORDER — 7. THE AFTERMATH — 8. OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF THE RIOT — II. The Migration of Negroes from the South — III. The Negro Population of Chicago — 1. DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY — 2. NEIGHBORHOODS OF NEGRO RESIDENCE — 3. THE NEGRO COMMUNITY — IV. Racial Contacts — 1. CONTACTS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS — 2. RECREATION — 3. CONTACTS IN TRANSPORTATION — 4. CRIME AND VICIOUS ENVIRONMENT — V. The Negro in Chicago Industries — 1. INCREASE IN NEGRO LABOR — 2. CLASSIFICATION OF NEGRO WORKERS — 3. EMPLOYERS' EXPERIENCE WITH NEGRO LABOR — 4. LABOR TURNOVER — 5. NEGRO WOMEN IN INDUSTRY — 6. INDUSTRIES EXCLUDING THE NEGRO — 7. RELATIONS BETWEEN WHITE AND NEGRO WORKERS — 8. THE PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL DEPRESSION — 9. ORGANIZED LABOR AND NEGRO WORKERS — VI. Public Opinion in Race Relations — A. OPINIONS OF WHITES AND NEGROES — B. FACTORS IN THE MAKING OF PUBLIC OPINION — THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION — To the Police, Militia, State's Attorney, and Courts: — To the City Council and Administrative Boards, the Park Boards and the Municipal Bureau of Parks, Playgrounds, and Bathing-Beaches: — To the Board of Education: — To Social and Civic Organizations, Labor Unions, and Churches: — To the Public: — To the White Members of the Public: — To the Negro Members of the Public: — To Employers and Labor Organizations: — To Negro Workers: — To the Street-Car Companies: — To Restaurants, Theaters, Stores, and Other Places of Public Accommodation: — To the Press:
22. 22.APPENDIX — A. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA OF MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION — B. THE STAFF OF THE COMMISSION — INVESTIGATION — PREPARATION OF REPORT — C. EPITOME OF FACTS IN RIOT DEATHS — I. Deaths due to mob violence, and in which the coroners' jury recommended members of the unknown mob be apprehended and held to justice, and in which none of the members were so apprehended. The cases listed in this category do not include all those due to mob violence, but only those qualified as stated: — II. Deaths due to circumstances creating no criminal responsibility: — III. Deaths due to the Angelus riot as to which no recommendations were made by the coroner's jury: — IV. Deaths in circumstances which seemed to involve specific persons named by the coroner's jury for further investigation, but as to which no indictments followed: — V. Deaths for which specific persons were subsequently indicted by the grand jury: — INDEX — FOOTNOTES

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