The Foundations of Science: Science and Hypothesis, The Value of Science, Science and Method

About this eBook

Author

Poincaré, Henri, 1854-1912

Credits

Produced by Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Print project.)

Language

English

LoC Class

Q: Science

Subject

Mathematics -- Philosophy

Category

Text

eBook-No.

39713

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/39713

Release Date

May 16, 2012

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE — BY H. POINCARÉ
2. 2.CONTENTS
3. 3.HENRI POINCARÉ — SCIENCE AND HYPOTHESIS — AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION — INTRODUCTION — BY PROFESSOR JOSIAH ROYCE Harvard University — I — II — III — IV — V
4. 4.SCIENCE AND HYPOTHESIS — INTRODUCTION
5. 5.PART I NUMBER AND MAGNITUDE — CHAPTER I — On the Nature of Mathematical Reasoning — I — II — III — IV — V — VI — VII — CHAPTER II — Mathematical Magnitude and Experience
6. 6.PART II SPACE — CHAPTER III — The Non-euclidean Geometries — CHAPTER IV — Space and Geometry — CHAPTER V — Experience and Geometry — Ancestral Experience
7. 7.PART III FORCE — CHAPTER VI — The Classic Mechanics — CHAPTER VII — Relative Motion and Absolute Motion — CHAPTER VIII — Energy and Thermodynamics — General Conclusions on Part Third
8. 8.PART IV NATURE — CHAPTER IX — Hypotheses in Physics — CHAPTER X — The Theories of Modern Physics — CHAPTER XI — The Calculus of Probabilities — CHAPTER XII — Optics and Electricity — CHAPTER XIII — Electrodynamics — THE VALUE OF SCIENCE — TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION — INTRODUCTION
9. 9.PART I THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES — CHAPTER I — Intuition and Logic in Mathematics — I — II — III — IV — V — VI — CHAPTER II — The Measure of Time — I — II — III — IV — V — VI — VII — VIII — IX — X — XI — XII — XIII — CHAPTER III — The Notion of Space — 1. Introduction — 2. Qualitative Geometry — 3. The Physical Continuum of Several Dimensions — 4. The Notion of Point — 5. The Notion of Displacement — 6. Visual Space — CHAPTER IV — Space and its Three Dimensions — 1. The Group of Displacements — 2. Identity of Two Points — 3. Tactile Space — 4. Identity of the Different Spaces — 5. Space and Empiricism — 6. Mind and Space — 7. Rôle of the Semicircular Canals
10. 10.PART II THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES — CHAPTER V — Analysis and Physics — I — II — III — IV — CHAPTER VI — Astronomy — CHAPTER VII — The History of Mathematical Physics — CHAPTER VIII — The Present Crisis of Mathematical Physics — CHAPTER IX — The Future of Mathematical Physics
11. 11.PART III THE OBJECTIVE VALUE OF SCIENCE — CHAPTER X — Is Science Artificial? — 1. The Philosophy of M. LeRoy — 2. Science, Rule of Action — 3. The Crude Fact and the Scientific Fact — 4. 'Nominalism' and 'the Universal Invariant' — CHAPTER XI — Science and Reality — 5. Contingence and Determinism — 6. Objectivity of Science — 7. The Rotation of the Earth — 8. Science for Its Own Sake — SCIENCE AND METHOD — INTRODUCTION
12. 12.BOOK I SCIENCE AND THE SCIENTIST — CHAPTER I — The Choice of Facts — CHAPTER II — The Future of Mathematics — Arithmetic — Algebra — Geometry — Cantorism — The Investigation of the Postulates — CHAPTER III — Mathematical Creation — CHAPTER IV — Chance — I — II — III — IV — V — VI — VII — VIII — IX — X
13. 13.BOOK II MATHEMATICAL REASONING — CHAPTER I — The Relativity of Space — I — II — III — IV — V — VI — CHAPTER II — Mathematical Definitions and Teaching — Arithmetic — Geometry — Mechanics — CHAPTER III — Mathematics and Logic — Introduction — I — II — III — IV — V — VI — VII — Pasigraphy — VIII — CHAPTER IV — The New Logics — I — The Russell Logic — II — III — IV — V — Arithmetic — VI — The Logic of Hilbert — VII — VIII — IX — X — Geometry — XI — Conclusion — XII — XIII — CHAPTER V — The Latest Efforts of the Logisticians — I — II — The Infallibility of Logistic — III — The Liberty of Contradiction — IV — The Second Objection — V — The Cantor Antinomies — VI — Zigzag Theory and No-class Theory — VII — The True Solution — VIII — The Demonstrations of the Principle of Induction — IX — X — Zermelo's Assumption — XI — Conclusions
14. 14.BOOK III THE NEW MECHANICS — CHAPTER I — Mechanics and Radium — I — Introduction — II — Mass Longitudinal and Mass Transversal — III — The Canal Rays — IV — The Theory of Lorentz — V — Mechanical Consequences — CHAPTER II — Mechanics and Optics — I — Aberration — II — The Principle of Relativity — III — The Principle of Reaction — IV — Consequences of the Principle of Relativity — V — Kaufmann's Experiment — VI — The Principle of Inertia — VII — The Wave of Acceleration — CHAPTER III — The New Mechanics and Astronomy — I — Gravitation — II — Comparison with Astronomic Observations — III — The Theory of Lesage — IV — Conclusions
15. 15.BOOK IV ASTRONOMIC SCIENCE — CHAPTER I — The Milky Way and the Theory of Gases — CHAPTER II — French Geodesy — GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
16. 16.INDEX
17. 17.FOOTNOTES

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