The English Village Community

About this eBook

Author

Seebohm, Frederic, 1833-1912

Title

The English Village Community Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry; An Essay in Economic History (Reprinted from the Fourth Edition)

Credits

E-text prepared by ms_e, RichardW, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team ( www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive ( archive.org)

Language

English

LoC Class

JC: Political science: Political theory

Subject

Village communities -- Great Britain

Category

Text

eBook-No.

46354

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/46354

Release Date

July 22, 2014

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE ENGLISH VILLAGE COMMUNITY — PREFACE. — CONTENTS. — LIST OF MAPS AND PLATES.
2. 2.CHAPTER I. THE ENGLISH OPEN FIELD SYSTEM EXAMINED IN ITS MODERN REMAINS. — I. THE DISTINCTIVE MARKS OF THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM. — II. SCATTERED AND INTERMIXED OWNERSHIP IN THE OPEN FIELDS. — III. THE OPEN FIELDS WERE THE COMMON FIELDS OF A VILLAGE COMMUNITY OR TOWNSHIP UNDER A MANOR. — IV. THE WIDE PREVALENCE OF THE SYSTEM THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN. — CHAPTER I. FOOTNOTES.
3. 3.CHAPTER II. THE ENGLISH OPEN FIELD SYSTEM TRACED BACK TO THE DOMESDAY SURVEY—IT IS THE SHELL OF SERFDOM—THE MANOR WITH A VILLAGE COMMUNITY IN VILLENAGE UPON IT. — I. THE IDENTITY OF THE SYSTEM WITH THAT OF THE MIDDLE AGES. — II. THE WINSLOW MANOR ROLLS OF THE REIGN OF EDWARD III.—EXAMPLE OF A VIRGATE OR YARD-LAND. — III. THE HUNDRED ROLLS OF EDWARD I., EMBRACING FIVE MIDLAND COUNTIES. — IV. THE HUNDRED ROLLS ( continued )—RELATION OF THE VIRGATE TO THE HIDE AND CARUCATE. — V. THE HUNDRED ROLLS ( continued )—THE SERVICES OF THE VILLEIN TENANTS. — EXAMPLES OF VILLEIN SERVICES. — Oxfordshire — Huntingdonshire — Cambridgeshire — VI. DESCRIPTION IN FLETA OF A MANOR IN THE TIME OF EDWARD I. — VII. S.E. OF ENGLAND—THE HIDE AND VIRGATE UNDER OTHER NAMES (THE RECORDS OF BATTLE ABBEY AND ST. PAUL'S). — VIII. THE RELATION OF THE VIRGATE TO THE HIDE TRACED IN THE CARTULARIES OF GLOUCESTER AND WORCESTER ABBEYS, AND THE CUSTUMAL OF BLEADON, IN SOMERSETSHIRE. — VILLEIN SERVICES. — Gloucestershire — Worcestershire — IX. CARTULARIES OF NEWMINSTER AND KELSO (XIII. CENTURY)—THE CONNEXION OF THE HOLDINGS WITH THE COMMON PLOUGH TEAM OF EIGHT OXEN. — — Bolden 87 — Reveden 88 — X. THE BOLDON BOOK, A.D. 1183. — XI. THE 'LIBER NIGER' OF PETERBOROUGH ABBEY, A.D. 1125. — XII. SUMMARY OF THE POST-DOMESDAY EVIDENCE. — CHAPTER II. FOOTNOTES.
4. 4.CHAPTER III. THE DOMESDAY SURVEY ( A.D. 1086). — I. THERE WERE MANORS EVERYWHERE. — II. THE DIVISION OF THE MANOR INTO LORD'S DEMESNE AND LAND IN VILLENAGE. — III. THE FREE TENANTS ON THE LORD'S DEMESNE. — IV. THE CLASSES OF TENANTS IN VILLENAGE. — V. THE VILLANI WERE HOLDERS OF VIRGATES, ETC. — VI. THE HOLDINGS OF THE BORDARII OR COTTIERS. — VII. THE DOMESDAY SURVEY OF THE VILLA OF WESTMINSTER. — VIII. THE EXTENT OF THE CULTIVATED LAND OF ENGLAND, AND HOW MUCH WAS INCLUDED IN THE YARD-LANDS OF THE VILLANI. — CHAPTER III. FOOTNOTES.
5. 5.CHAPTER IV. THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM TRACED IN SAXON TIMES—THE SCATTERING OF THE STRIPS ORIGINATED IN THE METHODS OF CO-ARATION. — I. THE VILLAGE FIELDS UNDER SAXON RULE WERE OPEN FIELDS. — II. THE HOLDINGS WERE COMPOSED OF SCATTERED STRIPS. — III. THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM OF CO-ARATION DESCRIBED IN THE ANCIENT LAWS OF WALES. — CHAPTER IV. FOOTNOTES.
6. 6.CHAPTER V. MANORS AND SERFDOM UNDER SAXON RULE. — I. THE SAXON 'HAMS' AND 'TUNS' WERE MANORS WITH VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN SERFDOM UPON THEM. — II. THE RECTITUDINES SINGULARUM PERSONARUM. — III. THE THANE AND HIS SERVICES. — IV. THE GENEATS AND THEIR SERVICES. — V. THE DOUBLE AND ANCIENT CHARACTER OF THE SERVICES OF THE GEBUR—GAFOL AND WEEK-WORK. — VI. SERFDOM ON A MANOR of KING EDWY. — VII. SERFDOM ON A MANOR OF KING ALFRED. — VIII. THE THEOWS OR SLAVES ON THE LORD'S DEMESNE. — IX. THE CREATION OF NEW MANORS. — X. THE LAWS OF KING ETHELBERT—THERE WERE MANORS IN THE SIXTH CENTURY. — XI. RESULT OF THE SAXON EVIDENCE. — CHAPTER V. FOOTNOTES.
7. 7.CHAPTER VI. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM (IN WALES). — I. EVIDENCE OF THE DOMESDAY SURVEY. — II. THE WELSH LAND SYSTEM IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY. — III. THE WELSH LAND SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE WELSH LAWS. — IV. LAND DIVISIONS UNDER THE WELSH CODES. — V. EARLIER EVIDENCE OF THE PAYMENT OF WELSH GWESTVA, OR FOOD-RENT. — CHAPTER VI. FOOTNOTES.
8. 8.CHAPTER VII. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM ( continued ). — I. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM IN IRELAND AND SCOTLAND. — II. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM IN ITS EARLIER STAGES. — III. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE TRIBAL AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF THE WEST AND SOUTH-EAST OF BRITAIN WAS PRE-ROMAN, AND SO ALSO WAS THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM. — CHAPTER VII. FOOTNOTES.
9. 9.CHAPTER VIII. CONNEXION BETWEEN THE ROMAN LAND SYSTEM AND THE LATER MANORIAL SYSTEM. — I. IMPORTANCE OF THE CONTINENTAL EVIDENCE. — II. THE CONNEXION BETWEEN THE SAXON 'HAM,' THE GERMAN 'HEIM,' AND THE FRANKISH 'VILLA.' — III. THE ROMAN 'VILLA,' ITS EASY TRANSITION INTO THE LATER MANOR, AND ITS TENDENCY TO BECOME THE PREDOMINANT TYPE OF ESTATE. — IV. THE SMALLER TENANTS ON THE AGER PUBLICUS IN ROMAN PROVINCES—THE VETERANS. — V. THE SMALLER TENANTS ON THE 'AGER PUBLICUS' ( continued )—THE LÆTI. — VI. THE 'TRIBUTUM' OF THE LATER EMPIRE. — VII. THE 'SORDIDA MUNERA' OF THE LATER EMPIRE. — VIII. THE TENDENCY TOWARDS A MANORIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE 'AGER PUBLICUS,' OR IMPERIAL DOMAIN. — IX. THE SUCCESSION TO SEMI-SERVILE HOLDINGS; AND METHODS OF CULTIVATION. — X. THE TRANSITION FROM THE ROMAN TO THE LATER MANORIAL SYSTEM. — CHAPTER VIII. FOOTNOTES.
10. 10.CHAPTER IX. THE GERMAN SIDE OF THE CONTINENTAL EVIDENCE. — I. THE GERMAN TRIBAL SYSTEM, AND ITS TENDENCY TOWARDS THE MANORIAL SYSTEM. — II. THE TRIBAL HOUSEHOLDS OF GERMAN SETTLERS. — CHAPTER IX. FOOTNOTES.
11. 11.CHAPTER X. THE CONNEXION BETWEEN THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM AND SERFDOM OF ENGLAND AND OF THE ROMAN PROVINCES OF GERMANY AND GAUL. — I. THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM IN ENGLAND AND IN GERMANY COMPARED. — II. THE BOUNDARIES, OR 'MARCHÆ.' — III. THE THREE FIELDS, OR 'ZELGEN.' — IV. THE DIVISION OF THE FIELDS INTO FURLONGS AND ACRES. — V. THE HOLDINGS—THE YARD-LAND OR HUB. — VI. THE HIDE, THE HOF, AND THE CENTURIA. — VII. THE GAFOL AND GAFOL-YRTH. — VIII. THE BOON-WORK AND WEEK-WORK OF THE SERF. — IX. THE CREATION OF SERFS AND THE GROWTH OF SERFDOM. — X. THE CONFUSION IN THE STATUS OF THE TENANTS ON ENGLISH AND GERMAN MANORS. — XI. RESULT OF THE COMPARISON. — CHAPTER X. FOOTNOTES.
12. 12.CHAPTER XI. RESULT OF THE EVIDENCE. — I. THE METHOD OF THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS. — II. LOCAL EVIDENCE OF CONTINUITY BETWEEN ROMAN AND ENGLISH VILLAGES. — III. CONCLUSION. — CHAPTER XI. FOOTNOTES.
13. 13.APPENDIX. — THE MANOR OF HITCHIN (PORTMAN AND FOREIGN) IN THE COUNTY OF HERTFORD. — PRESENTMENTS OF THE HOMAGE. — COMMONS WITHIN THE TOWNSHIP OF HITCHIN. — SHEEP COMMONS.
14. 14.INDEX AND GLOSSARY.

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