Steam: its Generation and Use

About this eBook

Author

Babcock & Wilcox Company

Title

Steam, Its Generation and Use

Credits

Juliet Sutherland, Tony Browne, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

Language

English

LoC Class

TJ: Technology: Mechanical engineering and machinery

Subject

Steam-boilers, Water-tube

Category

Text

eBook-No.

22657

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22657

Release Date

September 18, 2007

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Steam: its Generation and Use — STEAM ITS GENERATION AND USE — THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. — NEW YORK — THE BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. — 85 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. A. — Works — Officers — Branch Offices — Export Department, New York: Alberto de Verastegni, Director — TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: FOR NEW YORK, “ GLOVEBOXES ” — FOR HAVANA, “ BABCOCK ” — BABCOCK & WILCOX Limited — ORIEL HOUSE, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, E. C. — WORKS: RENFREW, SCOTLAND — Directors — Branch Offices in Great Britain — Offices Abroad — Representatives and Licensees in — TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS FOR ALL OFFICES EXCEPT BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA: “ BABCOCK ” FOR BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA: “ BOILER ” — FONDERIES ET ATELIERS DE LA COURNEUVE CHAUDIÈRES — BABCOCK & WILCOX — 6 RUE LAFERRIÈRE, PARIS — WORKS: SEINE—LA COURNEUVE — Directors — Branch Offices — REPRESENTATIVE FOR SWITZERLAND: SPOERRI & CIE, ZURICH — TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: “ BABCOCK-PARIS ”
2. 2.THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE GENERATION AND USE OF STEAM
3. 3.BRIEF HISTORY OF WATER-TUBE BOILERS [1] — Blakey, 1766 — John Stevens, 1804 — John Cox Stevens, 1805 — Joseph Eve, 1825 — Gurney, 1826 — Stephen Wilcox, 1856 — Twibill, 1865 — FOOTNOTES
4. 4.REQUIREMENTS OF STEAM BOILERS — REQUIREMENTS OF A PERFECT STEAM BOILER — THE CIRCULATION OF WATER IN STEAM BOILERS — Fig. 1 — Fig. 2 — Fig. 3 — Fig. 4 — Fig. 5 — Fig. 6 — Fig. 7 — Fig. 8 [Developed to show Circulation] — Fig. 9 — Fig. 10
5. 5.EVOLUTION OF THE BABCOCK & WILCOX WATER-TUBE BOILER — No. 1 — No. 4 — No. 5 — No. 6 — No. 7 — No. 8 — No. 9 — No. 10 — No. 11 — No. 12 — No. 13 — No. 14 — No. 15 — No. 16 — No. 17 — No. 18 — No. 19 — No. 20A — No. 20B — No. 21 — No. 22 — No. 23
6. 6.THE BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILER — Forged-steel Drumhead with Manhole Plate in Position — Forged-steel Drumhead Interior — Forged-steel Drum Nozzle — Forged-steel Cross Box — Inside Handhole Fittings Wrought-steel Vertical Header — Wrought-steel Vertical Header — Wrought-steel Inclined Header — Inside Handhole Fitting Wrought-steel Inclined Header — Cast-iron Vertical Header — Cross Drum Boiler Front — Automatic Drumhead Stop and Check Valve — Partial Vertical Section Showing Method of Introducing Feed Water — Closed — Open — Patented Side Dusting Doors
7. 7.ADVANTAGES OF THE BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILER — WATER-TUBE VERSUS FIRE-TUBE BOILERS — BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILERS AS COMPARED WITH OTHER WATER-TUBE DESIGNS
8. 8.HEAT AND ITS MEASUREMENT — Fig. 11 — Fig. 12 — Fig. 13 — FOOTNOTES
9. 9.THE THEORY OF STEAM MAKING — [Extracts from a Lecture delivered by George H. Babcock, at Cornell University, 1887 [10] ] — FOOTNOTES
10. 10.PROPERTIES OF WATER — FOOTNOTES
11. 11.BOILER FEED WATER — FOOTNOTES
12. 12.FEED WATER HEATING AND METHODS OF FEEDING
13. 13.STEAM — Fig. 15. Graphic Method of Determining Moisture Contained in Steam from Calorimeter Readings
14. 14.MOISTURE IN STEAM — Fig. 14. Throttling Calorimeter and Sampling Nozzle — Fig. 16. Compact Throttling Calorimeter — Fig. 17. Separating Calorimeter — Fig. 18. Stott and Pigott Sampling Nozzle — Fig. 19. Illustrating the Manner in which Erroneous Calorimeter Readings may be Obtained due to Improper Location of Sampling Nozzle — FOOTNOTES
15. 15.SUPERHEATED STEAM — FOOTNOTES
16. 16.PROPERTIES OF AIR
17. 17.COMBUSTION — FOOTNOTES
18. 18.ANALYSIS OF FLUE GASES — Fig. 20. Loss Due to Heat Carried Away by Chimney Gases for Varying Percentages of Carbon Dioxide. Based on Boiler Room Temperature = 80 Degrees Fahrenheit. Nitrogen in Flue Gas = 80.5 Per Cent. Carbon Monoxide in Flue Gas = 0. Per Cent — Fig. 21. Loss Due to Unconsumed Carbon Contained in the CO in the Flue Gases — Fig. 22. Orsat Apparatus — FOOTNOTES
19. 19.CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS — (WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO COAL) — FOOTNOTES
20. 20.THE DETERMINATION OF HEATING VALUES OF FUELS — Fig. 23. Graphic Representation of Relation between Heat Value Per Pound of Combustible and Fixed Carbon in Combustible as Deduced by Wm. Kent. — Fig. 24. Mahler Bomb Calorimeter — Fig. 25. Graphic Method of Recording Bomb Calorimeter Results — FOOTNOTES
21. 21.COMBUSTION OF COAL — Fig. 26. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler and Superheater Equipped with Babcock & Wilcox Chain Grate Stoker. This Setting has been Particularly Successful in Minimizing Smoke
22. 22.SOLID FUELS OTHER THAN COAL AND THEIR COMBUSTION — Fig. 27. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Set with Green Bagasse Furnace — FOOTNOTES
23. 23.LIQUID FUELS AND THEIR COMBUSTION — Fig. 28. Peabody Oil Burner — Fig. 30. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Set with Combination Oil and Wood-burning Furnace — FOOTNOTES
24. 24.GASEOUS FUELS AND THEIR COMBUSTION — FOOTNOTES
25. 25.UTILIZATION OF WASTE HEAT — Fig. 31. Curve Showing Relation Between Gas Temperature, Heating Surface passed over, and Amount of Steam Generated. Ten Square Feet of Heating Surface are Assumed as Equivalent to One Boiler Horse Power — Fig. 32. Babcock & Wilcox Boiler Arranged for Utilizing Waste Heat from Open Hearth Furnace. This Setting may be Modified to Take Care of Practically any Kind of Waste Gas — FOOTNOTES
26. 26.CHIMNEYS AND DRAFT — Fig. 33. Diameter of Stacks and Horse Power they will Serve — Fig. 34. Draft Required at Different Combustion Rates for Various Kinds of Coal — Fig. 35. U-tube Draft Gauge — Fig. 36. Barrus Draft Gauge — Fig. 37. Ellison Draft Gauge — Fig. 38. Peabody Draft Gauge — FOOTNOTES
27. 27.EFFICIENCY AND CAPACITY OF BOILERS — Fig. 39. Efficiency Chart. Calculated from Marks and Davis Tables — 1. OBJECT [Pg 267] — 2. PREPARATIONS — 3. FUEL — 4. APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS [63] — 5. OPERATING CONDITIONS [Pg 269] — 6. DURATION — 7. STARTING AND STOPPING — 8. RECORDS — 9. QUALITY OF STEAM [67] — 10. SAMPLING AND DRYING COAL — 11. ASHES AND REFUSE — 12. CALORIFIC TESTS AND ANALYSES OF COAL — 13. ANALYSES OF FLUE GASES — 14. SMOKE OBSERVATIONS [71] — 15. CALCULATION OF RESULTS — 16. DATA AND RESULTS — 17. CHART — 18. TESTS WITH OIL AND GAS FUELS — FOOTNOTES
28. 28.THE SELECTION OF BOILERS WITH A CONSIDERATION OF THE FACTORS DETERMINING SUCH SELECTION — Fig. 40. Approximate Variation of Efficiency with Capacity under Test Conditions — FOOTNOTES
29. 29.OPERATION AND CARE OF BOILERS — Fig. 41
30. 30.BRICKWORK BOILER SETTINGS — FOOTNOTES
31. 31.BOILER ROOM PIPING — FOOTNOTES
32. 32.FLOW OF STEAM THROUGH PIPES AND ORIFICES — FOOTNOTES
33. 33.HEAT TRANSFER — FOOTNOTES
34. 34.INDEX

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