Organization—How Armies Are Formed for War

About this eBook

Author

Foster, Hubert, 1855-

Title

Organization: How Armies are Formed for War

Credits

Produced by Brian Coe, Charlie Howard, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.)

Language

English

LoC Class

UA: Military science: Armies: Organization, distribution, military situation

Subject

Armies -- Organization

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 54859

Release Date

June 6, 2017

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.ORGANIZATION
2. 2.PREFACE
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.ERRATA
5. 5.ABBREVIATIONS
6. 6.INTRODUCTION
7. 7.PART I WAR ORGANIZATION OF THE PRESENT DAY
8. 8.CHAPTER I THE OBJECT OF ORGANIZATION — Command — Definition of Organization — The Chain of Command — Units or Formations of Troops
9. 9.CHAPTER II THE FIGHTING TROOPS — The Arms of the Service — Characteristics of the Arms — 1. CAVALRY — 2. ARTILLERY — 3. ENGINEERS — 4. INFANTRY
10. 10.CHAPTER III ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITS OF EACH ARM — 1. INFANTRY — THE COMPANY — THE BATTALION — THE INFANTRY REGIMENT — THE INFANTRY BRIGADE — 2. CAVALRY — THE SQUADRON — THE CAVALRY REGIMENT — THE CAVALRY BRIGADE — 3. ARTILLERY — FIELD ARTILLERY — HEAVY ARTILLERY — MOUNTAIN ARTILLERY — THE BATTERY — THE ARTILLERY BRIGADE — HIGHER UNITS OF ARTILLERY — AMMUNITION COLUMNS — BRITISH AMMUNITION SUPPLY — 4. ENGINEERS
11. 11.CHAPTER IV NEW VARIETIES OF FIGHTING TROOPS — 1. Mounted Infantry — 2. Mountain Infantry — 3. Mountain Artillery — 4. Machine Guns — 5. Cavalry Pioneers — 6. Cyclists and Motor Cars — MOTOR CAR SERVICE IN WAR — 7. Scouts — 8. Field Orderlies — 9. Military Police
12. 12.CHAPTER V FORMATIONS OF ALL ARMS — 1. The Division — THE INFANTRY DIVISION — THE CAVALRY DIVISION — 2. The Army Corps — MEANING OF THE TERM — REASON FOR ORGANIZATION BY ARMY CORPS — COMPOSITION OF AN ARMY CORPS — 3. Cavalry Corps — 4. The Army as a Unit — THE ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES — ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES IN FOREIGN ARMIES
13. 13.CHAPTER VI THE STAFF — Head-Quarters — COMPOSITION OF HEAD-QUARTERS — Varieties of Staff — THE GENERAL STAFF — THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL’S BRANCH (A.G.) — THE QUARTER-MASTER-GENERAL’S BRANCH (Q.M.G.) — STAFF OF SUBORDINATE COMMANDS — Importance of the Staff — Number of Officers Allotted to the Staff
14. 14.CHAPTER VII WAR ESTABLISHMENTS — Their Object and Utility — States and Returns — Reinforcements — Evils of Improvised Organizations — Importance of Preserving Original Organization — The Ordre de Bataille
15. 15.PART II BRITISH WAR ORGANIZATION
16. 16.CHAPTER VIII THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE FIGHTING TROOPS — The Expeditionary Force — Expeditionary Force COMPOSITION OF SUBORDINATE COMMANDS — CAVALRY BRIGADE — CAVALRY DIVISION — INFANTRY BRIGADE — DIVISION — MOUNTED BRIGADE — ARMY TROOPS — Strength of Field Force and of its Main Subdivisions — STRENGTH OF SUBORDINATE COMMANDS — Total by Arms — TOTAL STRENGTH OF EACH ARM AND SERVICE, IN ROUND NUMBERS — Establishments of Units INCLUDING THOSE ATTACHED—VIZ. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY OFFICERS, MEN OF MEDICAL CORPS AND ARMY SERVICE CORPS FOR 2ND LINE TRANSPORT — Strength of Units of Fighting Troops — Composition of Head-Quarters — GENERAL HEAD-QUARTERS — ARMY HEAD-QUARTERS — HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION — HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE BASE — HEAD-QUARTERS OF A DIVISION (INFANTRY OR CAVALRY) — HEAD-QUARTERS OF A BRIGADE OF CAVALRY OR INFANTRY, OF MOUNTED BRIGADES, AND OF DIVISIONAL ARTILLERY
17. 17.CHAPTER IX THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE ( continued ) ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES — Organization of the Lines Of Communication — 1. Service of Inter-communication — WIRELESS TELEGRAPH COMPANY — DIVISIONAL TELEGRAPH COMPANY — ARMY TROOPS TELEGRAPH COMPANIES — BALLOON COMPANIES, FOR RECONNAISSANCE — 2. Transport — REGIMENTAL TRANSPORT — TRANSPORT ON THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION — 3. Supply — (I.) MOBILE SUPPLIES WITH THE TROOPS — (II.) SUPPLY DEPÔTS ON THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION — 4. The Medical Services — ( a ) WITH THE TROOPS AT THE FRONT — ( b ) ON THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION — DETAILS OF MEDICAL ORGANIZATION — THE SANITARY SERVICE
18. 18.CHAPTER X THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE ( continued ) SERVICES ON THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION — 5. The Veterinary Service — THE REMOUNT SERVICE — 6. The Ordnance Services — ARRANGEMENTS FOR AMMUNITION SUPPLY — GUN AMMUNITION — SMALL-ARM AMMUNITION — 7. The Railway Services — 8. The Works Service — 9. The Postal Service — 10. The Accounts Department — 11. The Records Branch — 12. Depôts for Personnel
19. 19.CHAPTER XI THE TERRITORIAL FORCE—THE INDIAN ARMY — The Territorial Force — The Army of India — Indian Army Organization — Cavalry Brigade — Infantry Brigade (British or Indian) — Infantry Division
20. 20.CHAPTER XII SPECIAL FEATURES OF BRITISH WAR ORGANIZATION — Organization by Divisions — Facility of Subdivision — Staff — Cavalry Organization — Machine Guns — Field Artillery — Ammunition Supply — Engineers — Organization of the Division — Inter-communication — Lines of Communication — Finance and Clerical Work — Postal Service — Reinforcements
21. 21.PART III ORGANIZATION OF FOREIGN ARMIES
22. 22.CHAPTER XIII WAR ORGANIZATION OF THE FIGHTING TROOPS — Normal War Organization of Foreign Armies — INFANTRY — CAVALRY — FIELD ARTILLERY — Rank of the Officers commanding the above Formations — GERMANY — Infantry — Cavalry — Artillery — Ammunition Columns — FRANCE — Infantry — Cavalry — Artillery — RUSSIA — Infantry — Cavalry — Artillery — AUSTRIA-HUNGARY — Infantry — Cavalry — Artillery — ITALY — Infantry — Cavalry — Artillery — JAPAN — Infantry — Cavalry — Field Artillery — SWITZERLAND — Infantry — Cavalry — Artillery — UNITED STATES — Infantry — Cavalry — Artillery
23. 23.CHAPTER XIV COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL ARMIES — Armies of First Line — Armies of Second Line (Reserve or Territorial Armies) — Reserves — Table of War Strengths of the Various Powers — TOTAL WAR STRENGTH
24. 24.PART IV HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION
25. 25.INTRODUCTION
26. 26.CHAPTER XV ORGANIZATION IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY — A Sketch of the Origin of Organization as seen in the Early Standing Armies of Europe — The Regiment — EARLIEST REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION
27. 27.CHAPTER XVI THE EVOLUTION OF INFANTRY — The Halberd and Pike — The Firearm — Musketeers — Infantry under Maurice of Nassau — Brigades — Battalions — Spanish Infantry—Sixteenth Century — Infantry under Gustavus — French Infantry — Fusiliers — Grenadiers — Light Infantry — Light Infantry and Rifles
28. 28.CHAPTER XVII THE EVOLUTION OF CAVALRY — Origin of true Cavalry in the “Reiters” — Light Horse
29. 29.CHAPTER XVIII THE EVOLUTION OF ARTILLERY AND ENGINEERS — The Artillery — GUNS — The Evolution of the Engineers
30. 30.CHAPTER XIX ORGANIZATION IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES — The “New Model” Army — The Armies of the Eighteenth Century — UNIFORM — MILITARY MUSIC — FLAGS OR COLOURS
31. 31.CHAPTER XX ORGANIZATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY — Organization in the Wars following the French Revolution — DIVISIONS — CORPS D’ARMÉE (ARMY CORPS) — DETAILS OF NAPOLEON’S ORGANIZATION — STRENGTH OF ARMY CORPS — Prussian Organization in the Nineteenth Century — Proportions of the Arms — CAVALRY AND INFANTRY — GUNS AND INFANTRY
32. 32.CHAPTER XXI THE EVOLUTION OF THE STAFF AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES — 1. The Staff — UNITED STATES STAFF IN THE CIVIL WAR — PRUSSIAN STAFF IN 1870 — 2. The Supply and Transport Services — 3. The Medical Organization for War
33. 33.PART V MILITARY COMMAND
34. 34.CHAPTER XXII PRINCIPLES OF COMMAND — Mode of exercising Command — Instructions — Orders — Division Commanders — Limits of Initiative in Staff Officers
35. 35.CHAPTER XXIII PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARMIES
36. 36.APPENDIX A ORIGIN OF MILITARY TERMS — 1. RANKS AND OFFICES — 2. VARIETIES OF TROOPS, AND THEIR UNITS AND FORMATIONS — 3. ARMS AND ACCOUTREMENTS — 4. MISCELLANEOUS
37. 37.APPENDIX B REMARKS ON MILITARY NOMENCLATURE
38. 38.Transcriber’s Notes

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