Mammals of Washington

About this eBook

Author

Dalquest, Walter Woelber, 1917-2000

Title

Mammals of Washington, Volume 2 University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History

Credits

Produced by Chris Curnow, Matthias Grammel, Joseph Cooper, The Internet Archives for some images and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net

Language

English

LoC Class

QH: Science: Natural history

Subject

Mammals -- Washington (State)

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 53582

Release Date

November 23, 2016

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.MAMMALS OF WASHINGTON
2. 2.CONTENTS
3. 3.ILLUSTRATIONS
4. 4.INTRODUCTION
5. 5.PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF THE STATE
6. 6.DISTRIBUTIONAL AREAS
7. 7.CLIMATE AND VEGETATION
8. 8.LIFE-ZONES AND ECOLOGY — The Humid Subdivision of the Transition Life-zone — The Arid Timbered Subdivision of the Transition Life-zone — The Arid Grasslands Subdivision of the Transition Life-zone — The Upper Sonoran Life-zone — The Canadian Life-zone — The Hudsonian Life-zone — Table 1. Distribution of mammals in Washington by Life-Zones. A. Abundant. C. Common. R. Rare.
9. 9.GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF WASHINGTON
10. 10.THE FAUNAS
11. 11.SPECULATION AS TO EMIGRATIONAL HISTORY OF THE MAMMALS
12. 12.SPECULATION AS TO THE LATER DISTRIBUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE MAMMALS
13. 13.EXPLANATION OF TREATMENT
14. 14.CHECK LIST OF MAMMALS — CLASS MAMMALIA—mammals
15. 15.ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES — Didelphis virginiana virginiana Kerr Opossum — Neurotrichus gibbsii — Gibbs shrew-mole — Neurotrichus gibbsii gibbsii ( Baird ) — Neurotrichus gibbsii minor Dalquest and Burgner — Genus Scapanus Pomel Moles — Scapanus townsendii (Bachman) Townsend mole — Scapanus orarius Coast mole — Scapanus orarius orarius True — Scapanus orarius yakimensis Dalquest and Scheffer — Scapanus orarius schefferi Jackson — Genus Sorex Linnaeus Long-tailed shrews — Sorex cinereus Kerr Cinereous shrew — Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr — Sorex cinereus streatori Merriam — Sorex merriami merriami Dobson Merriam shrew — Sorex trowbridgii Baird Trowbridge shrew — Sorex trowbridgii trowbridgii Baird — Sorex trowbridgii destructioni Scheffer and Dalquest — Sorex vagrans Baird Wandering shrew — Sorex vagrans vagrans Baird — Sorex vagrans monticola Merriam — Sorex obscurus Merriam Dusky shrew — Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam — Sorex obscurus setosus Elliot — Sorex palustris navigator ( Baird ) Mountain water shrew — Sorex bendirii ( Merriam ) Bendire water shrew — Sorex bendirii bendirii ( Merriam ) — Sorex bendirii albiventer Merriam — Microsorex hoyi washingtoni Jackson Pigmy shrew — Genus Myotis Kaup Mouse-eared bats — Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte) Big myotis — Myotis lucifugus carissima Thomas — Myotis lucifugus alascensis Miller — Myotis yumanensis (H. Allen ) Yuma myotis — Myotis yumanensis sociabilis H. W. Grinnell — Myotis yumanensis saturatus Miller — Myotis keenii keenii ( Merriam ) Keen myotis — Myotis evotis (H. Allen ) Long-eared myotis — Myotis evotis evotis (H. Allen ) — Myotis evotis pacificus Dalquest — Myotis thysanodes thysanodes Miller Fringe-tailed myotis — Myotis volans (H. Allen ) Hairy-winged myotis — Myotis volans longicrus (True) — Myotis volans interior Miller — Myotis californicus (Audubon and Bachman) California myotis — Myotis californicus caurinus Miller — Myotis californicus californicus (Audubon and Bachman) — Myotis subulatus melanorhinus ( Merriam ) Small-footed myotis — Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte) Silver-haired bat — Corynorhinus rafinesquii (Lesson) Long-eared bat — Corynorhinus rafinesquii townsendii (Cooper) — Corynorhinus rafinesquii intermedius H. W. Grinnell — Pipistrellus hesperus hesperus (H. Allen ) Western pipistrelle — Eptesicus fuscus bernardinus Rhoads Big brown-bat — Lasiurus cinereus cinereus (Beauvois) Hoary bat — Antrozous pallidus cantwelli Bailey Pallid bat — Ursus americanus Pallas Black bear — Ursus americanus altifrontalis Elliot — Ursus americanus cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman — Ursus chelan Merriam Grizzly bear — Procyon lotor (Linnaeus) Raccoon — Procyon lotor psora Gray — Procyon lotor excelsus Nelson and Goldman — Martes caurina Merriam Western marten — Martes caurina caurina ( Merriam ) — Martes caurina origenes ( Rhoads ) — Martes pennanti (Erxleben) Fisher — Mustela erminea Linnaeus Ermine — Mustela erminea invicta Hall — Mustela erminea fallenda Hall — Mustela erminea olympica Hall — Mustela erminea streatori ( Merriam ) — Mustela erminea gulosa Hall — Mustela erminea murica (Bangs) — Mustela frenata Lichtenstein Long-tailed Weasel — Mustela frenata nevadensis Hall — Mustela frenata effera Hall - — Mustela frenata washingtoni ( Merriam ) — Mustela frenata altifrontalis Hall — Mustela vison energumenos (Bangs) Mink — Gulo luscus luteus Elliot Wolverine — Lutra canadensis (Schreber) River otter — Lutra canadensis pacifica Rhoads — Lutra canadensis vancouverensis Goldman — Enhydra lutris nereis ( Merriam ) Sea otter — Spilogale gracilis Merriam Civet cat or spotted skunk — Spilogale gracilis saxatilis Merriam — Spilogale gracilis latifrons Merriam — Mephitis mephitis (Schreber) Striped skunk — Mephitis mephitis hudsonica Richardson — Mephitis mephitis major ( Howell ) — Mephitis mephitis notata ( Howell ) — Mephitis mephitis spissigrada Bangs — Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber) Badger — Vulpes fulva cascadensis Merriam Red fox — Canis latrans Say Coyote — Canis latrans lestes Merriam — Canis latrans incolatus Hall — Canis lupus fuscus Richardson Timber Wolf — Canis familiaris Linnaeus Dog — Felis concolor Linnaeus Cougar or mountain lion — Felis concolor oregonensis Rafinesque — Felis concolor missoulensis Goldman — Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr Canadian lynx — Lynx rufus (Schreber) Bobcat — Lynx rufus fasciatus Rafinesque — Lynx rufus pallescens Merriam — Zalophus californianus (Lesson) California sea lion — Eumetopias jubata (Schreber) Steller sea lion — Callorhinus ursinus cynocephalus (Walbaum) Alaska fur seal — Phoca vitulina richardii ( Gray ) Hair seal or harbor seal — Genus Tamias Illiger Chipmunks — Tamias minimus Bachman Least chipmunk — Tamias minimus scrutator ( Hall and Hatfield) — Tamias minimus grisescens ( Howell ) — Tamias amoenus Allen Yellow-pine chipmunk — Tamias amoenus caurinus ( Merriam ) — Tamias amoenus felix Rhoads — Tamias amoenus ludibundus (Hollister) — Tamias amoenus affinis Allen — Tamias amoenus canicaudus ( Merriam ) — Tamias amoenus luteiventris Allen — Tamias ruficaudus simulans ( Howell ) Red-tailed chipmunk — Tamias townsendii Bachman Townsend chipmunk — Tamias townsendii townsendii Bachman — Tamias townsendii cooperi Baird — Marmota monax petrensis Howell Woodchuck — Marmota flaviventris avara (Bangs) Yellow-bellied marmot — Marmota caligata cascadensis Howell Hoary marmot — Marmota olympus ( Merriam ) Olympic marmot — Citellus townsendii townsendii (Bachman) Townsend ground squirrel; sage rat — Citellus washingtoni Howell Washington ground squirrel; sage rat — Citellus columbianus (Ord) Columbian ground squirrel — Citellus columbianus columbianus (Ord) — Citellus columbianus ruficaudus Howell — Citellus beecheyi douglasii (Richardson) Beechey ground squirrel — Citellus lateralis (Say) Golden-mantled ground squirrel — Citellus lateralis tescorum (Hollister) — Citellus lateralis connectens ( Howell ) — Citellus saturatus ( Rhoads ) Golden-mantled ground squirrel — Sciurus griseus griseus Ord Western gray squirrel — Sciurus carolinensis hypophaeus Merriam Eastern gray squirrel — Sciurus niger Linnaeus subsp? Fox squirrel — Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben) Red squirrel — Tamiasciurus hudsonicus streatori ( Allen ) — Tamiasciurus hudsonicus richardsoni (Bachman) — Tamiasciurus douglasii douglasii (Bachman) Douglas squirrel — Glaucomys sabrinus ( Shaw ) Northern flying squirrel — Glaucomys sabrinus oregonensis (Bachman) — Glaucomys sabrinus bangsi ( Rhoads ) — Glaucomys sabrinus columbiensis Howell — Glaucomys sabrinus latipes Howell — Glaucomys sabrinus fuliginosus ( Rhoads ) — Perognathus parvus (Peale) Great Basin pocket mouse — Perognathus parvus parvus (Peale) — Perognathus parvus lordi ( Gray ) — Perognathus parvus columbianus Merriam — Dipodomys ordii columbianus ( Merriam ) Ord kangaroo rat — Thomomys talpoides (Richardson) Northern pocket gopher — Thomomys talpoides devexus Hall and Dalquest — Thomomys talpoides columbianus Bailey — Thomomys talpoides aequalidens Dalquest — Thomomys talpoides wallowa Hall and Orr — Thomomys talpoides fuscus Merriam — Thomomys talpoides yakimensis Hall and Dalquest — Thomomys talpoides shawi Taylor — Thomomys talpoides immunis Hall and Dalquest — Thomomys talpoides limosus Merriam — Thomomys talpoides douglasii (Richardson) — Thomomys talpoides glacialis Dalquest and Scheffer — Thomomys talpoides tacomensis Taylor — Thomomys talpoides pugetensis Dalquest and Scheffer — Thomomys talpoides tumuli Dalquest and Scheffer — Thomomys talpoides yelmensis Merriam — Thomomys talpoides couchi Goldman — Thomomys talpoides melanops Merriam — Castor canadensis Kuhl Beaver — Castor canadensis leucodonta Gray — Castor canadensis idoneus Jewett and Hall — Onychomys leucogaster fuscogriseus Anthony Northern grasshopper mouse — Reithrodontomys megalotis megalotis ( Baird ) Western harvest mouse — Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) Deer mouse — Peromyscus maniculatus oreas Bangs — Peromyscus maniculatus hollisteri Osgood — Peromyscus maniculatus austerus ( Baird ) — Peromyscus maniculatus rubidus Osgood — Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii ( Baird ) — Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae ( Rhoads ) — Neotoma cinerea Ord Bushy-tailed wood rat — Neotoma cinerea occidentalis Baird — Neotoma cinerea alticola Hooper — Synaptomys borealis wrangeli Merriam Northern lemming mouse — Phenacomys intermedius Merriam Heather vole — Phenacomys intermedius intermedius Merriam — Phenacomys intermedius oramontis Rhoads — Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors) Gapper red-backed mouse — Clethrionomys gapperi saturatus ( Rhoads ) — Clethrionomys gapperi idahoensis ( Merriam ) — Clethrionomys gapperi cascadensis Booth — Clethrionomys gapperi nivarius ( Bailey ) — Clethrionomys californicus occidentalis ( Merriam ) California red-backed mouse — Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord) Pennsylvanian meadow mouse — Microtus pennsylvanicus funebris Dale — Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi Dalquest — Microtus montanus (Peale) Montane meadow mouse — Microtus montanus nanus ( Merriam ) — Microtus montanus canescens Bailey — Microtus townsendii (Bachman) Townsend meadow mouse — Microtus townsendii townsendii (Bachman) — Microtus townsendii pugeti Dalquest — Microtus longicaudus ( Merriam ) Long-tailed meadow mouse — Microtus longicaudus halli Ellerman — Microtus longicaudus macrurus Merriam — Microtus richardsoni (De Kay) Water rat — Microtus richardsoni arvicoloides ( Rhoads ) — Microtus richardsoni macropus ( Merriam ) — Microtus oregoni oregoni (Bachman) Creeping mouse — Lagurus curtatus pauperrimus (Cooper) Sagebrush vole — Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus) Muskrat — Ondatra zibethicus osoyoosensis (Lord) — Ondatra zibethicus occipitalis ( Elliot ) — Rattus rattus (Linnaeus) Roof rat — Rattus rattus rattus (Linnaeus) — Rattus rattus alexandrinus (Geoffroy) — Rattus norvegicus norvegicus (Erxleben) Norway rat — Mus musculus Linnaeus, subsp? House mouse — Aplodontia rufa (Rafinesque) Mountain beaver — Aplodontia rufa rufa (Rafinesque) — Aplodontia rufa rainieri Merriam — Zapus princeps Allen Big jumping mouse — Zapus princeps trinotatus Rhoads — Zapus princeps kootenayensis Anderson — Zapus princeps idahoensis Davis — Zapus princeps oregonus Preble — Erethizon dorsatum (Linnaeus) Porcupine — Erethizon dorsatum epixanthum Brandt — Erethizon dorsatum nigrescens Allen — Myocastor coypus (Molina) subsp? Coypu, nutria — Ochotona princeps (Richardson) Pika or cony — Ochotona princeps cuppes Bangs — Ochotona princeps fenisex Osgood — Ochotona princeps brunnescens Howell — Lepus townsendii townsendii Bachman White-tailed jack rabbit — Lepus americanus Erxleben Snowshoe rabbit — Lepus americanus washingtonii Baird — Lepus americanus cascadensis Nelson — Lepus americanus pineus Dalquest — Lepus americanus columbiensis Rhoads — Lepus californicus deserticola Mearns Black-tailed jack rabbit — Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii (Bachman) Nuttall cottontail — Sylvilagus floridanus ( Allen ) subsp.? Florida cottontail — Sylvilagus idahoensis ( Merriam ) Pigmy rabbit — Cervus canadensis (Erxleben) Elk or wapiti — Cervus canadensis roosevelti Merriam — Cervus canadensis nelsoni Bailey — Odocoileus virginianus (Boddaert) White-tailed deer — Odocoileus virginianus ochrourus Bailey — Odocoileus virginianus leucurus (Douglas) — Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque) Mule deer and black-tailed deer — Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque) — Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson) — Alce americana shirasi Nelson Moose — Rangifer arcticus montanus Seton-Thompson Caribou — Bison bison oregonus Bailey Bison — Ovis canadensis Shaw Mountain sheep — Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw — Ovis canadensis californiana Douglas — Oreamnos americanus (Blainville) Mountain goat — Oreamnos americanus americanus (Blainville) — Oreamnos americanus missoulae Allen
16. 16.ORDER CETACEA Whales and porpoises — Berardius bairdii Stejneger Baird beaked whale — Mesoplodon stejnegeri True Stejneger beaked whale — Delphinus bairdii Dall Dolphin — Lissodelphis borealis (Peale) Right whale porpoise — Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill Striped porpoise — Grampus rectipinna (Cope) Killer whale — Grampidelphis griseus (Cuvier) Grampus — Globicephalus scammonii (Cope) Blackfish — Phocoena vomerina (Gill) Harbor porpoise — Phocoenoides dalli (True) Dall porpoise — Physeter catodon Linnaeus Sperm whale — Kogia breviceps (Blainville) Pigmy sperm whale — Rhachianectes glaucus (Cope) Gray whale — Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus) Finback whale — Balaenoptera borealis Lesson Sei or Pollack whale — Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède Pike whale — Sibbaldus musculus (Linnaeus) Blue whale or sulphur-bottom whale — Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski) Humpback whale — Eubalaena sieboldii ( Gray ) Pacific right whale
17. 17.HYPOTHETICAL LIST
18. 18.ADDENDA
19. 19.BIBLIOGRAPHY
20. 20.INDEX

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