How to Know the Wild Flowers

About this eBook

Author

Parsons, Frances Theodora, 1861-1952

Title

How to know the wild flowers : a guide to the names, haunts, and habits of our common wild flowers

Original Publication

New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1893.

Credits

Richard Tonsing and The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

QK: Science: Botany

Subject

Wild flowers -- Northeastern States -- Identification

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 72056

Release Date

November 6, 2023

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.HOW TO KNOW THE WILD FLOWERS A Guide TO THE NAMES, HAUNTS, AND HABITS OF OUR COMMON WILD FLOWERS
2. 2.CONTENTS
3. 3.PREFACE
4. 4.HOW TO USE THE BOOK
5. 5.LIST OF PLATES — INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER
6. 6.EXPLANATION OF TERMS
7. 7.NOTABLE PLANT FAMILIES
8. 8.FLOWER DESCRIPTIONS — I WHITE — Blood-root. Sanguinaria Canadensis. Poppy Family. — Shad-bush. June-berry. Service-berry. Amelanchier oblongifolia. Rose Family. — Wood Anemone. Wind-flower. Anemone nemorosa. Crowfoot Family. — Rue Anemone. Anemonella thalictroides. Crowfoot Family. — Star-flower. Trientalis Americana. Primrose Family. — ——— ——— Maianthemum Canadense. Lily Family. — Gold Thread. Coptis trifolia. Crowfoot Family. — Pyxie. Flowering-moss. Pyxidanthera barbulata. Order Diapensiaceæ . — Crinkle-root. Toothwort. Pepper-root. Dentaria diphylla. Mustard Family (p. 17 ). — Spring-cress. Cardamine rhomboidea. Mustard Family (p. 17 ). — Whitlow-grass. Draba verna. Mustard Family (p. 17 ). — Shepherd’s Purse. Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Mustard Family (p. 17 ). — May-apple. Mandrake. Podophyllum peltatum. Barberry Family. — Twin-leaf. Rheumatism-root. Jeffersonia diphylla. Barberry Family. — Harbinger-of-Spring. Erigenia bulbosa. Parsley Family (p. 15 ). — Early Everlasting. Plantain-leaved Everlasting. Antennaria plantaginifolia. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Spring Beauty. Claytonia Virginica. Purslane Family. — Dutchman’s Breeches. White-hearts. Dicentra Cucullaria. Fumitory Family. — Squirrel Corn. Dicentra Canadensis. Fumitory Family. — Foam-flower. False Mitre-wort. Tiarella cordifolia. Saxifrage Family. — Early Saxifrage. Saxifraga Virginiensis. Saxifrage Family. — Mitre-wort. Bishop’s Cap. Mitella diphylla. Saxifrage Family. — Indian Poke. False Hellebore. Veratrum viride. Lily Family. — Carrion-flower. Cat-brier. Smilax herbacea. Lily Family. — Larger White Trillium. Trillium grandiflorum. Lily Family. — Ground-nut. Dwarf Ginseng. Aralia trifolia. Ginseng Family. — Ginseng. Aralia quinquefolia. Ginseng Family. — Wild Sarsaparilla. Aralia nudicaulis. Ginseng Family. — Spikenard. Aralia racemosa. Ginseng Family. — Canada Violet. Viola Canadensis. Violet Family. — Solomon’s Seal. Polygonatum biflorum. Lily Family. — Choke-berry. Pyrus arbutifolia. Rose Family. — Creeping Snowberry. Chiogenes serpyllifolia. Heath Family. — Bearberry. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi. Heath Family. — False Solomon’s Seal. Smilacina racemosa. Lily Family. — Maple-leaved Viburnum. Dockmackie. Arrow-wood. Viburnum acerifolium. Honeysuckle Family. — Hobble-bush. American Wayfaring-tree. Viburnum lantanoides. Honeysuckle Family. — Round-leaved Dogwood. Cornus circinata. Dogwood Family. — Bellwort. Oakesia sessilifolia. Lily Family. — Hawthorn. White-thorn. Cratægus coccinea. Rose Family. — White Baneberry. Actæa alba. Crowfoot Family. — Mountain Holly. Nemopanthes fascicularis. Holly Family. — Winterberry. Black Alder. Ilex verticillata. Holly Family. — Red-berried Elder. Sambucus racemosa. Honeysuckle Family. — Bunch-berry. Dwarf Cornel. Cornus Canadensis. Dogwood Family. — Sweet Bay. Laurel Magnolia. Magnolia glauca. Magnolia Family. — Lizard’s Tail. Saururus cernuus. Pepper Family. — Moonseed. Menispermum Canadense. Moonseed Family. — Mountain Laurel. Spoonwood. Calico-bush. Kalmia latifolia. Heath Family. — White Swamp Honeysuckle. Clammy Azalea. Rhododendron viscosum. Heath Family. — American Rhododendron. Great Laurel. Rhododendron maximum. Heath Family. — Wood Sorrel. Oxalis Acetosella. Geranium Family. — Poison Sumach. Rhus venenata. Cashew Family. — Staghorn Sumach. Rhus typhina. Cashew Family. — Poison Ivy. Rhus Toxicodendron. Cashew Family. — Virginia Creeper. American Ivy. Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Vine Family. — Shin-leaf. Pyrola elliptica. Heath Family. — Common Black Huckleberry. Gaylussacia resinosa. Heath Family. — Common Blueberry. Vaccinium corymbosun. Heath Family. — Squaw Huckleberry. Vaccinium stamineum. Heath Family. — Pipsissewa. Prince’s Pine. Chimaphila umbellata. Heath Family. — Spotted Pipsissewa. Chimaphila maculata. Heath Family. — White DaisY. White-weed. Ox-eyed Daisy. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Daisy Fleabane. Sweet Scabious. Erigeron annuus. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Mayweed. Chamomile. Anthemis Cotula. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — New Jersey Tea. Red-root. Ceanothus Americanus. Buckthorn Family. — Bastard Toadflax. Comandra umbellata. Sandalwood Family. — Wintergreen. Checkerberry. Mountain Tea. Gaultheria procumbens. Heath Family. — White Sweet Clover. White Melilot. Melilotus alba. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Waterleaf. Hydrophyllum Virginicum. Waterleaf Family. — Indian Pipe. Corpse-plant. Monotropa uniflora. Heath Family. — Field Chickweed. Cerastium arvense. Pink Family. — Enchanter’s Nightshade. Circæa Lutetiana. Evening Primrose Family. — Thimble-weed. Anemone Virginiana. Crowfoot Family. — Cleavers. Goose-grass. Bedstraw. Galium Aparine. Madder Family. — Bitter-sweet. Wax-work. Celastrus scandens. Staff-tree Family. — Culver’s Root. Veronica Virginica. Figwort Family. — Black Cohosh. Bugbane. Black Snakeroot. Cimicifuga racemosa. Crowfoot Family. — Common Elder. Sambucus Canadensis. Honeysuckle Family. — Spurge. Euphorbia corollata. Spurge Family. — Partridge Vine. Mitchella repens. Madder Family. — Green Orchis. Habenaria virescens. — Ragged Fringed Orchis. Habenaria lacera. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Button-bush. Cephalanthus occidentalis. Madder Family. — Mild Water-pepper. Polygonum hydropiperoides. Buckwheat Family. — Climbing False Buckwheat. Polygonum scandens. Buckwheat Family. — ——— ——— Dalibarda repens. Rose Family. — Starry Campion. Silene stellata. Pink Family. — Colic-root. Star-grass. Aletris farinosa. Bloodwort Family. — Tall Meadow Rue. Thalictrum polygamum. Crowfoot Family. — White Avens. Geum album. Rose Family. — Meadow-sweet. Spiræa salicifolia. Rose Family. — White Water-lily. Nymphæa odorata. Water-lily Family. — White Vervain. Verbena urticæfolia. Verbena Family. — Round-leaved Sundew. Drosera rotundifolia. Sundew Family. — Pokeweed. Garget. Pigeon-berry. Phytolacca decandra. Pokeweed Family. — White Fringed Orchis. Habenaria blephariglottis. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Rattlesnake-plantain. Goodyera pubescens. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Common Yarrow. Milfoil. Achillea Millefolium. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Wild Carrot. Bird’s Nest. Queen Anne’s Lace. Daucus carota. Parsley Family (p. 15 ). — Water-Hemlock. Spotted Cowbane. Cicuta maculata. Parsley Family (p. 15 ). — Mock Bishop-weed. Discopleura capillacea. Parsley Family (p. 15 ). — Sweet Cicely. Osmorrhiza longistylis. Parsley Family (p. 15 ). — Water-parsnip. Sium cicutæfolium. Parsley Family (p. 15 ). — Arrow-head. Sagittaria variabilis. Water-plantain Family. — Water-plantain. Alisma Plantago. Water-plantain Family. — Ground Cherry. Physalis Virginiana. Nightshade Family. — Turtle-head. Chelone glabra. Figwort Family. — Common Dodder. Love Vine. Cuscuta Gronovii. Convolvulus Family. — Traveller’s Joy. Virgin’s Bower. Clematis Virginiana. Crowfoot Family. — Sweet Pepperbush. White Alder. Clethra alnifolia. Heath Family. — Thorn-apple. Jamestown Weed. Datura Stramonium. Nightshade Family. — Wild Balsam-apple. Echinocystis lobata. Gourd Family. — White Asters. Aster. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Boneset. Thoroughwort. Eupatorium perfoliatum. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — White Snakeroot. Eupatorium ageratoides. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Climbing Hemp-weed. Mikania scandens. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Ladies’ Tresses. Spiranthes cernua. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Green-flowered Milkweed. Asclepias verticillata. Milkweed Family. — Groundsel Tree. Baccharis halimifolia. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Grass of Parnassus. Parnassia Caroliniana. Saxifrage Family. — Pearly Everlasting. Anaphilis margaritacea. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Fragrant Life-everlasting. Gnaphalium polycephalum. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — II YELLOW — Marsh Marigold. Caltha palustris. Crowfoot Family. — Spice-bush. Benjamin-bush. Fever-bush. Lindera Benzoin. Laurel Family. — Yellow Adder’s Tongue. Dog’s Tooth Violet. Erythronium Americanum. Lily Family. — Celandine. Chelidonium majus. Poppy Family. — Celandine Poppy. Stylophorum diphyllum. Poppy Family. — Downy Yellow Violet. Viola pubescens. Violet Family. — Common Cinquefoil. Five Finger. Potentilla Canadensis. Rose Family. — Shrubby Cinquefoil. Five Finger. Potentilla fruticosa. Rose Family. — Silvery Cinquefoil. Potentilla argentea. Rose Family. — Golden Ragwort. Squaw-weed. Senecio aureus. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — ——— ——— Clintonia borealis. Lily Family. — Yellow Lady’s Slipper. Whip-poor-Will’s Shoe. Cypripedium pubescens. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Early Meadow Parsnip. Zizia aurea. Parsley Family (p. 15 ). — Golden Club. Orontium aquaticum. Arum Family. — Spearwort. Ranunculus ambigens. Crowfoot Family. — Indian Cucumber-root. Medeola Virginica. Lily Family. — Common Bladderwort. Utricularia vulgaris. Bladderwort Family. — Yellow Pond-lily. Spatter Dock. Nuphar advena. Water-lily Family. — Winter-cress, Yellow Rocket. Herb of St. Barbara. Barbarea vulgaris. Mustard Family (p. 17 ). — Black Mustard. Brassica nigra. Mustard Family (p. 17 ). — Wild Radish. Raphanus Raphanistrum. Mustard Family (p. 17 ). — Cynthia. Dwarf Dandelion. Krigia Virginica. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Rattlesnake-weed. Hieracium venosum. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Dandelion. Taraxacum officinale. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Poverty-grass. Hudsonia tomentosa. Rock-rose Family. — Bush-honeysuckle. Diervilla trifida. Honeysuckle Family. — Cow Wheat. Melampyrum Americanum. Figwort Family. — Meadow Lily. Wild Yellow Lily. Lilium Canadense. Lily Family. — Prickly Pear. Indian Fig. Opuntia Rafinesquii. Cactus Family. — Four-leaved Loosestrife. Lysimachia quadrifolia. Primrose Family. — Yellow Loosestrife. Lysimachia stricta. Primrose Family. — Rock-rose. Frost-weed. Helianthemum Canadense. Rock-rose Family. — ——— ——— Steironema ciliatum. Primrose Family. — Common Barberry. Berberis vulgaris. Barberry Family. — Yellow Star-grass. Hypoxis erecta. Amaryllis Family. — Wild Indigo. Baptisia tinctoria. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Yellow Clover. Hop Clover. Trifolium agrarium. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Dyer’s Green-weed. Wood-waxen. New England Whin. Genista tinctoria. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Yellow Sweet Clover. Yellow Melilot. Melilotus officinalis. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Rattlebox. Crotalaria sagittalis. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Butter-and-Eggs. Toadflax. Linaria vulgaris. Figwort Family. — Wild Senna. Cassia Marilandica. Pulse Family. — Partridge-pea. Cassia Chamæcrista. Pulse Family. — Common St. John’s-wort. Hypericum perforatum. St. John’s-wort Family. — St. Andrew’s Cross. Ascyrum Crux-Andreæ. St. John’s-wort Family. — Common Mullein. Verbascum Thapsus. Figwort Family. — Moth Mullein. Verbascum Blattaria. Figwort Family. — Yellow Fringed Orchis. Orange Orchis. Habenaria ciliaris. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Jewel-Weed. Touch-me-not. Geranium Family. — Agrimony. Agrimonia Eupatoria. Rose Family. — Yellow Wood Sorrel. Oxalis stricta. Geranium Family. — Sundrops. Œnothera fruticosa. Evening Primrose Family. — Evening Primrose. Œnothera biennis. Evening Primrose Family. — Horse Balm. Rich-weed. Stone-root. Collinsonia Canadensis. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Black-eyed Susan. Cone-flower. Rudbeckia hirta. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — ——— ——— Rudbeckia laciniata. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Golden Aster. Chrysopsis Mariana. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Golden-rod. Solidago. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Elecampane. Inula Helenium. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Fall Dandelion. Leontodon autumnalis. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Wild Sunflower. Helianthus giganteus. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Sneezeweed. Swamp Sunflower. Helenium autumnale. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Stick-tight. Bur Marigold, Beggar-ticks. Bidens frondosa. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Smooth False Foxglove. Gerardia quercifolia. Figwort Family. — Tansy. Tanacetum vulgare. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Witch-hazel. Hamamelis Virginiana. Witch-hazel Family. — III PINK — Trailing Arbutus. Mayflower. Ground Laurel. Epigæa repens. Heath Family. — Twin-flower. Linnæa borealis. Honeysuckle Family. — Showy Orchis. Orchis spectabilis. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Twisted Stalk. Streptopus roseus. Lily Family. — Wild Pink. Silene Pennsylvanica. Pink Family. — Pink Lady’s Slipper. Moccason-flower. Cypripedium acaule. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — ——— ——— Calopogon pulchellus. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Pink Azalea. Wild Honeysuckle. Pinxter Flower. Swamp Pink. Rhododendron nudiflorum. Heath Family. — ——— ——— Rhododendron Rhodora. Heath Family. — Sheep Laurel. Lambkill. Kalmia angustifolia. Heath Family. — American Cranberry. Vaccinium macrocarpon. Heath Family. — Adder’s Mouth. Pogonia ophioglossoides. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Common Milkwort. Polygala sanguinea. Milkwort Family. — ——— ——— Polygala polygama. Milkwort Family. — Fringed Polygala. Polygala paucifolia. Milkwort Family. — Moss Polygala. Polygala cruciata. Milkwort Family. — Spreading Dogbane. Indian Hemp. Apocynum androsæmifolium. Dogbane Family. — Hedge Bindweed. Convolvulus Americanus. Convolvulus Family. — Purple-flowering Raspberry. Rubus odoratus. Rose Family. — Pale Corydalis. Corydalis glauca. Fumitory Family. — Common Milkweed. Asclepias Cornuti. Milkweed Family. — Herb Robert. Geranium Robertianum. Geranium Family. — Bush Clover. Lespedeza procumbens. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Tick-trefoil. Desmodium Canadense. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Tick-Trefoil. Desmodium nudiflorum. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Bouncing Bet. Soapwort. Saponaria officinalis. Pink Family. — Steeple-bush. Hardhack. Spiræa tomentosa. Rose Family. — Deptford Pink. Dianthus Armeria. Pink Family. — Purple Loosestrife. Lythrum Salicaria. Loosestrife Family. — Meadow-beauty. Deer-grass. Rhexia Virginica. Melastoma Family. — Clammy Cuphea. Wax-weed. Cuphea viscosissima. Loosestrife Family. — Sea Pink. Sabbatia stellaris. Gentian Family. — Marsh St. John’s-wort. Elodes campanulata. St. John’s-wort Family. — Rose Mallow. Swamp Mallow. Hibiscus Moscheutos. Mallow Family. — Salt Marsh Fleabane. Pluchea camphorata. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Hairy Willow-herb. Epilobium hirsutum. Evening Primrose Family. — Fireweed. Great Willow-herb. Epilobium angustifolium. Evening Primrose Family. — ——— ——— Epilobium coloratum. Evening Primrose Family. — Purple Gerardia. Gerardia purpurea. Figwort Family. — Joe-Pye-weed. Trumpet-weed. Eupatorium purpureum. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Pink Knotweed. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum. Buckwheat Family. — Sand Knotweed. Polygonella articulata. (Formerly Polygonum articulatum .) Buckwheat Family. — IV RED — Wild Columbine. Aquilegia Canadensis. Crowfoot Family. — Wake Robin. Birthroot. Trillium erectum. Lily Family. — Wood Betony. Lousewort. Pedicularis Canadensis. Figwort Family. — Painted Cup. Castilleia coccinea. Figwort Family. — Wood Lily. Wild Red Lily. Lilium Philadelphicum. Lily Family. — Turk’s Cap Lily. Lilium superbum. Lily Family. — Hound’s Tongue. Cynoglossum officinale. Borage Family. — Butterfly-weed. Pleurisy-root. Asclepias tuberosa. Milkweed Family. — European Hawkweed. Devil’s Paintbrush. Hieracium aurantiacum. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Oswego Tea. Bee Balm. Monarda didyma. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Pimpernel. Poor-Man’s-Weather-Glass. Anagallis arvensis. Primrose Family. — Cardinal-flower. Lobelia cardinalis. Lobelia Family. — Trumpet Honeysuckle. Lonicera sempervirens. Honeysuckle Family. — V BLUE AND PURPLE — Liverwort. Liver-leaf. Hepatica triloba. Crowfoot Family. — Common Blue Violet. Viola cucullata. Violet Family. — Dog Violet. Viola canina, var. Muhlenbergii. Violet Family. — Bluets. Quaker Ladies. Houstonia cærulea. Madder Family. — Bluebells. Virginian Cowslip. Lungwort. Mertensia Virginica. Borage Family. — Blue-eyed Mary. Innocence. Collinsia verna. Figwort Family. — Forget-me-not. Myosotis laxa. Borage Family. — Wild Phlox. Phlox divaricata. Polemonium Family. — Robin’s Plantain. Blue Spring-daisy. Erigeron bellidifolius. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — One-flowered Cancer-root. Aphyllon uniflorum. Broom-Rape Family. — Violet Wood Sorrel. Oxalis violacea. Geranium Family. — Pitcher-Plant. Side-saddle Flower. Huntsman’s Cup. Sarracenia purpurea. Pitcher-plant Family. — Wild Geranium. Wild Cranesbill. Geranium maculatum. Geranium Family. — Gill-over-the-Ground. Ground Ivy. Nepeta Glechoma. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Larkspur. Delphinium. Crowfoot Family. — Wild Lupine. Lupinus perennis. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Harebell. Campanula rotundifolia. Campanula Family. — Blue-eyed Grass. Sisyrinchium angustifolium. Iris Family. — Venus’s Looking-glass. Specularia perfoliata. Campanula Family. — Skull-cap. Scutellaria. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Fleur-de-lis. Larger Blue Flag. Iris versicolor. Iris Family. — American Brooklime. Veronica Americana. Figwort Family. — Common Speedwell. Veronica officinalis. Figwort Family. — Arethusa. Arethusa bulbosa. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Purple Fringed Orchises. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — American Pennyroyal. Hedeoma pulegioides. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Monkey-flower. Mimulus ringens. Figwort Family. — Common Motherwort. Leonurus cardiaca. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Corn Cockle. Lychnis Githago. Pink Family. — Blue Vervain. Simpler’s Joy. Verbena hastata. Vervain Family. — Beard-tongue. Pentstemon pubescens. Figwort Family. — Self-heal. Heal-all. Brunella vulgaris. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Wild Bergamot. Monarda fistulosa. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Day-flower. Commelina Virginica. Spiderwort Family. — Blue Linaria. Blue Toadflax. Linaria Canadensis. Figwort Family. — Spiderwort. Tradescantia Virginica. Spiderwort Family. — Pickerel-weed. Pontedaria cordata. Pickerel-weed Family. — Blueweed. Viper’s Bugloss. Echium vulgare. Borage Family. — Nightshade. Solanum Dulcamara. Nightshade Family. — Great Lobelia. Lobelia syphilitica. Lobelia Family. — Indian Tobacco. Lobelia inflata. Lobelia Family. — Hog Pea-nut. Amphicarpæa monoica. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Beach Pea. Lathyrus maritimus. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — ——— ——— Strophostyles angulosa. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Blue Vetch. Vicia cracca. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Chicory. Succory. Cichorium Intybus. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Blue and Purple Asters. Aster. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Iron-weed. Vernonia Noveboracensis. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Blue Curls. Bastard Pennyroyal. Trichostema dichotomum. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Sea Lavender. Marsh Rosemary. Statice Caroliniana. Leadwort Family. — Blazing Star. Liatris scariosa. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Common Dittany. Cunila Mariana. Mint Family (p. 16 ). — Closed Gentian. Gentiana Andrewsii. Gentian Family. — Five-flowered Gentian. Gentiana quinqueflora. Gentian Family. — Fringed Gentian. Gentiana crinita. Gentian Family. — VI MISCELLANEOUS — Skunk Cabbage. Swamp Cabbage. Symplocarpus fœtidus. Arum Family. — Wild Ginger. Asarum Canadense. Birthwort Family. — Jack-in-the-Pulpit. Indian Turnip. Arisæma triphyllum. Arum Family. — Alum-root. Heuchera Americana. Saxifrage Family. — Blue Cohosh. Caulophyllum thalictroides. Barberry Family. — Early Meadow Rue. Thalictrum dioicum. Crowfoot Family. — Lily-leaved Liparis. Liparis liliifolia. Orchis Family (p. 17 ). — Beechdrops. Cancer-root. Epiphegus Virginiana. Broom-rape Family. — Pine Sap. False Beechdrops. Monotropa Hypopitys. Heath Family. — Rattlesnake-root. Prenanthes alba. — Lion’s Foot. Gall-of-the-Earth. Prenanthes serpentaria. Composite Family (p. 13 ). — Wild Bean. Ground-nut. Apios tuberosa. Pulse Family (p. 16 ). — Coral-root. Corallorhiza multiflora. Orchis Family (p. 17 ).
9. 9.INDEX TO LATIN NAMES
10. 10.INDEX TO ENGLISH NAMES
11. 11.INDEX OF TECHNICAL TERMS

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