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History of Scientific Ideas

History of Scientific Ideas

by William Whewell

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About this eBook

Author
Whewell, William, 1794-1866
Title
History of scientific ideas
Original Publication
United Kingdom: JOHN W. PARKER AND SON,1858.
Credits
Ed Brandon from materials generously provided by the Internet Archive
Language
English
LoC Class
Q: Science
Subject
Science -- Philosophy
Category
Text
Project Gutenberg
eBook-No. 69093
Release Date
October 4, 2022
Copyright
Public domain in the USA.

Contents

  1. 1.HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC IDEA S. — PREFACE TO THIS EDITION. — CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. — CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
  2. 2.Untitled
  3. 3.INTRODUCTION.
  4. 4.Untitled
  5. 5.BOOK I.
  6. 6.CHAPTER I. Of the Fundamental Antithesis of Philosophy. — Sect. 1.— Thoughts and Things. — Sect. 2.— Necessary and Experiential Truths. — Sect. 3.— Deduction and Induction. — Sect. 4.— Theories and Facts. — Sect. 5.— Ideas and Sensations. — Sect. 6.— Reflexion and Sensation. — Sect. 7.— Subjective and Objective. — Sect. 8.— Matter and Form. — Sect. 9.— Man the Interpreter of Nature. — Sect. 10.— The Fundamental Antithesis inseparable. — Sect. 11.— Successive Generalization.
  7. 7.CHAPTER II. Of Technical Terms.
  8. 8.CHAPTER III. Of Necessary Truths.
  9. 9.CHAPTER IV. Of Experience.
  10. 10.CHAPTER V. Of the Grounds of Necessary Truths.
  11. 11.CHAPTER VI. The Fundamental Ideas are not Derived from Experience.
  12. 12.CHAPTER VII. Of the Philosophy of the Sciences.
  13. 13.BOOK II.
  14. 14.Untitled
  15. 15.CHAPTER I. Of the Pure Sciences.
  16. 16.CHAPTER II. Of the Idea of Space.
  17. 17.CHAPTER III. Of some Peculiarities of the Idea of Space.
  18. 18.CHAPTER IV. Of the Definitions and Axioms which relate to Space.
  19. 19.CHAPTER V. Of some Objections which have been made to the Doctrines stated in the previous Chapter. 3
  20. 20.CHAPTER VI. Of the Perception of Space.
  21. 21.CHAPTER VII. Of the Idea of Time.
  22. 22.CHAPTER VIII. Of some Peculiarities of the Idea of Time.
  23. 23.CHAPTER IX. Of the Axioms which relate to Number.
  24. 24.CHAPTER X. Of the Perception of Time and Number.
  25. 25.NOTE TO CHAPTER X.
  26. 26.CHAPTER XI. Of Mathematical Reasoning.
  27. 27.CHAPTER XII. Of the Foundations of the Higher Mathematics.
  28. 28.CHAPTER XIII. The Doctrine of Motion.
  29. 29.CHAPTER XIV. Of the Application of Mathematics to the Inductive Sciences.
  30. 30.BOOK III.
  31. 31.CHAPTER I. Of the Mechanical Sciences.
  32. 32.CHAPTER II. Of the Idea of Cause.
  33. 33.CHAPTER III. Modern Opinions respecting the Idea of Cause.
  34. 34.CHAPTER IV. Of the Axioms which relate to the Idea of Cause.
  35. 35.CHAPTER V. Of the Origin of our Conceptions of Force and Matter.
  36. 36.CHAPTER VI. Of the Establishment of the Principles of Statics.
  37. 37.CHAPTER VII. Of the Establishment of the Principles of Dynamics.
  38. 38.CHAPTER VIII. Of the Paradox of Universal Propositions obtained from Experience.
  39. 39.CHAPTER IX. Of the Establishment of the Law of Universal Gravitation.
  40. 40.CHAPTER X. Of the general Diffusion of clear Mechanical Ideas.
  41. 41.BOOK IV.
  42. 42.CHAPTER I. Of the Idea of a Medium as commonly employed.
  43. 43.CHAPTER II. On Peculiarities in the Perceptions of the Different Senses. — Sect. I.— Prerogatives of Sight. — Sect. II.— Prerogatives of Hearing. — Sect. III.— The Paradoxes of Vision. — Sect. IV.— The Perception of Visible Figure.
  44. 44.CHAPTER III. Successive Attempts at the Scientific Application of the Idea of a Medium.
  45. 45.CHAPTER IV. Of the Measure of Secondary Qualities. — Sect. I.— Scales of Qualities in general. — Sect. II.— The Musical Scale. — Sect. III.— Scales of Colour. — Sect. IV.— Scales of Light. — Sect. V.— Scales of Heat. — Sect. VI.— Scales of other Qualities.
  46. 46.BOOK V.
  47. 47.BOOK V. — CHAPTER I. Attempts at the Scientific Application of the Idea of Polarity.
  48. 48.CHAPTER II. Of the Connexion of Polarities.
  49. 49.Untitled
  50. 50.BOOK VI.
  51. 51.CHAPTER I. Attempts to conceive Elementary Composition.
  52. 52.CHAPTER II. Establishment and Development of the Idea of Chemical Affinity.
  53. 53.CHAPTER III. Of the Idea of Substance.
  54. 54.NOTE TO CHAPTER III.
  55. 55.CHAPTER IV. Application of the Idea of Substance in Chemistry.
  56. 56.CHAPTER V. The Atomic Theory.
  57. 57.BOOK VII.
  58. 58.CHAPTER I. Explication of the Idea of Symmetry.
  59. 59.CHAPTER II. Application of the Idea of Symmetry to Crystals.
  60. 60.CHAPTER III. Speculations founded upon the Symmetry of Crystals.
  61. 61.BOOK VIII.
  62. 62.CHAPTER I. The Idea of Likeness as Governing the Use of Common Names.
  63. 63.CHAPTER II. The Methods of Natural History, as regulated by the Idea of Likeness. — Sect. I.— Natural History in general. — Sect. II.— Terminology. 5 — Sect. III. The Plan of the System. — Sect. IV.— Modes of framing Natural Systems. — Sect. V.— Gradation of Groups. — Sect. VI.— Nomenclature. — Sect. VII.— Diagnosis.
  64. 64.CHAPTER III. Application of the Natural History Method to Mineralogy.
  65. 65.CHAPTER IV. Of the Idea of Natural Affinity.
  66. 66.BOOK IX.
  67. 67.CHAPTER I. Analogy of Biology With Other Sciences.
  68. 68.CHAPTER II. Successive Biological Hypotheses. — Sect. I.— The Mystical School. — Sect. II.— The Iatrochemical School. — Sect. III.— The Iatromathematical School. — Sect. IV.— The Vital-Fluid School. — Sect. V.— The Psychical School.
  69. 69.CHAPTER III. Attempts to Analyse the Idea of Life.
  70. 70.CHAPTER IV. Attempts to form Ideas of separate Vital Forces, and first of Assimilation and Secretion. — Sect. I.— Course of Biological Research. — Sect. II.— Attempts to form a distinct Conception of Assimilation and Secretion. — Sect. III.— Attempts to conceive the forces of Assimilation and Secretion. — Sect. IV.— Attempts to conceive the Process of Generation.
  71. 71.CHAPTER V. Attempts to form Ideas of separate Vital Forces, continued .— Voluntary Motion.
  72. 72.CHAPTER VI. Of the Idea of Final Causes.
  73. 73.BOOK X.
  74. 74.CHAPTER I. Of Palætiological Sciences in General.
  75. 75.CHAPTER II. Of the Three Members of a Palætiological Science.
  76. 76.CHAPTER III. Of the Doctrine of Catastrophes and the Doctrine of Uniformity.
  77. 77.CHAPTER IV. Of the Relation of Tradition to Palætiology.
  78. 78.CHAPTER V. Of the Conception of a First Cause.

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