Harper's Pictorial Library of the World War, Volume XII

About this eBook

Editor

Wendel, Hugo Christian Martin

Title

Harper's Pictorial Library of the World War, Volume XII : The Great Results of the War

Credits

Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Martin Mayer and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net

Language

English

LoC Class

D501: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere: World War I (1914-1918)

Subject

World War, 1914-1918 -- Finance

Category

Text

eBook-No.

44213

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44213

Release Date

November 17, 2013

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.HARPER'S PICTORIAL LIBRARY OF THE WORLD WAR — HARPER'S PICTORIAL LIBRARY OF THE WORLD WAR
2. 2.INTRODUCTION By PROFESSOR IRVING FISHER — HIGH COST OF LIVING A VITAL QUESTION — MEASURING CHANGES IN PRICES — WORTHLESS PAPER MONEY — COMMENTS ON FIGURE 1 — COMMENTS ON FIGURE 2 — HIGH PRICES NOT DUE TO SCARCITY — HIGH PRICES DUE TO MONETARY CAUSES — COMMENTS ON FIGURE 3 — ASSOCIATE EVILS OF HIGH PRICES — MANY SUGGESTED REMEDIES INADEQUATE — PROPOSED REMEDY — WANTED—A STANDARDIZED DOLLAR — HOW GOLD CIRCULATES — CRITERION OF STANDARDIZATION — A PROBLEM CALLING FOR URGENT ACTION
3. 3.The Great Results of the War
4. 4.The Great Results of the War PART I I—ECONOMIC RESULTS OF THE WAR — Striking Changes Made by the European Conflict Upon the Economic Life of the Great Nations — FINDING THE MONEY FOR WAR — STRONG POSITION OF UNITED STATES — NEW PACE IN WAR FINANCE — MEANING OF NEW TAXATION — INCOME TAX COMPARISON — ATTITUDE TOWARD WAR TAX BILL — CRITICISM OF THE TAX — WILSON'S TAX PROGRAM — LUXURY TAXES — TAXES OF MANUFACTURER OR PRODUCER — LUXURIES IMPORTED — TAXES ON TOBACCO — DIAMONDS, LEATHER AND MILLINERY — BEARING THE BURDEN — THE FIRST GOVERNMENT LOAN, 1789 — POPULARITY OF THE LIBERTY LOANS — HOW EUROPE WILL PAY US BACK — THE LOAN PERIODS — THE INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR — LIBERTY LOANS AND THRIFT — THE THRIFT HABIT — "SAVING AT THE SOURCE" — SPENDING THE MONEY — MONEY LOANED TO ASSOCIATE NATIONS — WHAT IS OWED THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. — FINANCIAL STATUS OF ENGLAND IN 1914 — LOSS IN PRODUCTIVE POWER — EQUALIZING LOANS AND TAXATION — GERMANY'S ECONOMIC PREPARATION FOR WAR — GERMAN WAR FINANCE — THE LOAN BUREAU SCHEME — GERMAN WAR PROFITS — GERMAN MONEY INDEMNITY — FORECASTING THE TOTAL COST OF WAR — LOSS FROM DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY — ECONOMIC LOSS OF MAN-POWER — EFFECTS ON POPULATION — CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT'S ESTIMATES — THE WAR AS A PRODUCT OF HIGH PRICES — QUESTIONS OF INFLATION — CURRENCY EXPANSION IN GREAT BRITAIN — AMERICA'S EXPERIENCE WITH INFLATION — CIVIL WAR INFLATION. — INFLATION ILLUSTRATED. — CREDIT EXPANSION — UNITED STATES A CREDITOR NATION — DISAPPEARANCE OF GOLD CURRENCY — WAR'S EFFECT ON SILVER — STOCK EXCHANGE WAR — GERMAN PROPERTY IN AMERICA
5. 5.II—WARTIME FOOD AND PRICE PROBLEMS Intricacies of a Perplexing and Critical Situation Which Taxed the Ingenuity of Statesmen of All the Belligerents — UNITED STATES AS FOOD PRODUCER — THE FOOD CONTROLLER — AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION IN FOOD TO THE ALLIES — AGRICULTURE AND THE WAR — ACREAGE UNDER CULTIVATION — YIELDS OF PRINCIPLE CEREALS — NEED OF FOOD CONSERVATION — GREAT BRITAIN'S FOOD DANGER — ACREAGE INCREASE DUE TO WOMEN'S LABOR — EVIDENCES OF FOOD SHORTAGE — FOOD CONTROL FOR NEUTRALS — FEEDING EUROPE'S STARVING MILLIONS — POLAND THE BIGGEST DEBTOR — FOOD CONDITIONS AFTER THE ARMISTICE — NEW FACTORS AFTER NOVEMBER, 1918 — CEREAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 1919 — CENTRAL EUROPE IN DIRE WANT — TO PREVENT FAMINE IN GERMANY — SUGAR DISTRIBUTION — KEEPING DOWN THE PRICE — POTATO ECONOMY — FUEL CONTROL — THE COAL SHORTAGE — FUEL CONSERVATION MEASURES — SHUT-DOWN OF INDUSTRY TO SAVE COAL — THE GOVERNMENT'S EXPLANATION — GARFIELD'S PLAN FOR FUEL ECONOMY, 1918—19 — DIFFICULTIES OF FUEL CONTROL — COAL AND THE STEEL SUPPLY — SIDE ISSUES OF FUEL CONTROL — FUEL CONTROL IN GREAT BRITAIN — OTHER FORMS OF CONSERVATION — LEATHER CONSERVATION — FAIR PRICE LISTS — HOW FAIR PRICE LISTS ARE MADE UP — PROFITEERING — PROFITEERING IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY — PROFITEERING IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY — JUGGLING OF ACCOUNTS—HUGE SALARIES — WAR COST OF LIVING — CIVIL WAR COST OF LIVING — WHERE THE COST OF LIVES WEIGHED THE MOST — INCREASED COST FOR WEARING APPAREL — WAR PRICES AND LUXURY IMPORTS — GOOD EFFECTS OF PRICE CONTROL — STAY-AT-HOMES WHO MADE MONEY — PRICE CONTROL IN UNITED STATES — WHEAT AT $2.20 A BUSHEL — PRICE LEVEL, NOVEMBER, 1918 — FOOD CONDITIONS AND PRICE LEVEL, 1919
6. 6.III—INDUSTRY AND LABOR IN WARTIME Unprecedented Conditions and Developments Due to the World War and How They Were Met — SAFEGUARDS FOR WORKINGMEN — I. SAFETY — II. SANITATION — III. HOURS — IV. WAGES — V. CHILD LABOR — VI. WOMAN'S WORK — VII. SOCIAL INSURANCE — VIII. LABOR MARKET — IX. ADMINISTRATION OF LABOR LAWS — ORGANIZING LABOR FOR WAR WORK — INFLUENCE OF WAR CONDITIONS — INDUSTRIAL MEANING OF WAR — LABOR DISLOCATION — ADVISORY LABOR COUNCIL — WORK OR FIGHT — WAR SUPPLIES — THE PRIORITY SYSTEM — CIVIL WAR CONDITIONS — GREAT BRITAIN'S PRODUCTIVE POWER — A WHOLE POPULATION AT WORK — BRITISH INDUSTRY ON WAR BASIS. — LABOR POWER IN ENGLAND — INDUSTRIAL DISLOCATION IN FRANCE — THE GERMAN NATION IN ARMS — RUSSIA'S INDUSTRIAL MOBILIZATION — FOREBODINGS OF RUSSIA'S COLLAPSE — LABOR TRADITIONS UPSET — WOMEN WORKERS IN AMERICA — WORK UNSUITABLE FOR WOMEN — ALIEN LABOR FOR WAR PURPOSES — ECONOMIC VALUE OF AMERICAN ARMY TO FRENCH INDUSTRY — FRENCH INDUSTRIAL EXHAUSTION — THE WORK OF REBUILDING
7. 7.IV—GOVERNMENT CONTROL Wartime Nationalization of Railways and Shipping—Ship-building at High Speed—Trade Licensing, Etc. — OBJECTS OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL — GOVERNMENT CONTROL CRITICISED — BRITISH RAILWAY MANAGEMENT — RAILWAY NATIONALIZATION IN CANADA — FRENCH RAILWAYS IN WARTIME — AMERICA'S SHIPPING PREPARATION — WAR'S EFFECT ON SHIPPING — THE WAR AND WORLD SHIPPING — AMERICA'S SHIP-BUILDING PROGRAM — THE FOURTH OF JULY SPLASH — AMERICAN LOSSES—NEW TONNAGE BUILT — A SHIP-BUILDING CAPACITY OF OVER 1,500,000 TONS A YEAR — TRANSPORTING THE AMERICAN ARMY — ACCELERATED SHIPPING — BRITISH SHIP-BUILDING — BRITISH BUREAUCRATIC METHODS — TRADE POLICY AS A WAR WEAPON — GERMANY'S POTASH BOYCOTT — SHUTTING OFF GERMAN TRADE — THE TRADE LICENSE SYSTEM — THE ANTI-GERMAN TOY EPISODE — SMUGGLING FROM NEUTRAL COUNTRIES — SURPRISING INCREASE OF NEUTRAL SHIPPING — GERMANS AT WORK IN SPAIN — NO ECONOMIC BOYCOTT AFTER THE WAR — AN IMPOSSIBLE PROGRAM — COMMERCIAL AVIATION
8. 8.V—THE MONEY COST OF THE WAR Over $210,000,000,000 Spent by the Belligerents—How This Stupendous Sum Was Raised—What the War Cost Uncle Sam — THE COST OF THE WAR DAY BY DAY — OUR WAR EXPENSES MONTH BY MONTH — HOW MONEY FOR WAR WAS RAISED — WAR TAXATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES — OUR WAR TAXES COMPARED WITH WAR EXPENDITURES — CHARACTER OF WAR TAXATION — TOTAL WAR DEBT, UNITED STATES
9. 9.VI—AMERICAN BUSINESS IN THE WAR Voluntary Coöperation of Experts and Loyal Support of Labor Put Our Industries on a War Basis — COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE — PERSONNEL OF THE COUNCIL — PROPOSALS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE — PRE-WAR ACTIVITIES — MEN OF VISION — MEN OF EXPERIENCE — LABOR PLEDGES SUPPORT — MERGING THE RAILROADS — COÖPERATING COMMITTEES — SERVICE OF EXPERTS — NON-PARTISAN REPRESENTATION — SOME RESULTS OF COÖPERATION — THE FIELD DIVISION — WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD — CANTONMENT CONSTRUCTION — MEN LITTLE KNOWN
10. 10.VII—THE LIBERTY LOAN ARMY Mobilizing Americans at Home to Pay for the War—A National Effort Which Yielded $24,065,810,350 — THE SPIRIT BEHIND THE DOLLAR — MOBILIZING THE LIBERTY LOAN ARMY — ORGANIZING THE FIRST DRIVE — THE APPEAL — GROWING RESPONSE — FOURTH LIBERTY LOAN — AROUSING THE HALF-HEARTED — "FINISH THE JOB" — WAR SAVINGS CAMPAIGN — BENEFITS DERIVED FROM LOAN CAMPAIGNS
11. 11.VIII—FOOD AND THE WAR How Scientific Control and Voluntary Food-Saving Kept Belgium from Starving and Enabled the Allies to Avert Famine — ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY — $600,000,000 WORTH OF FOOD SUPPLIED — THE FOOD PRODUCTION OF GERMANY — GERMANY'S FOOD PROBLEM — THE SUGAR SHORTAGE — NATIONAL TASTES IN FOOD — SCIENTIFIC CONTROL OF FOOD — GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS — NATION-WIDE FOOD SAVING — AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION
12. 12.IX THE HIGH COST OF LIVING A Study of the Extraordinary Conditions Subsequent to the Armistice — THE ESSENCE OF THE HIGH COST OF LIVING SITUATION — AMERICA'S PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY — FOOD SITUATION AND READJUSTMENT — CLOTHING SITUATION — HOUSING PROBLEM — PROVISION OF NEW CAPITAL — CURRENCY AND CREDIT — INFLATION — FOOD SUPPLY—WHEAT, CORN AND SUGAR — THE MEAT SUPPLY — HIGH PRICE OF FOOD — WHY FOOD PRICES WERE HIGH — CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO PROFITEERING — OTHER COMMODITIES — "OUTPUT AND MORE OUTPUT" ABANDONED — COAL AND IRON — RECOMMENDATIONS
13. 13.I—THE PEACE CONFERENCE AT WORK A Vivid Account from the Inside of the Machinery Which Produced the Peace Treaty. How the Crises with Japan, Italy and Belgium Were Averted — COVENANTS "OPENLY ARRIVED AT" — THE "BIG THREE" — THE PLACE OF MEETING — A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNCIL CHAMBER — HOW THE TREATY WAS COMPOUNDED — THE PROTECTION DEMANDED BY FRANCE — THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS COVENANT — ESSENCE AND SPIRIT OF THE LEAGUE — WORK OF THE COMMISSIONS — DELAYS TO THE TREATY — POLITICS AT THE CONFERENCE — THE DIFFICULTY OF LANGUAGE — THE COMMISSION ON REPARATIONS — AN ESTIMATE OF GERMANY'S CAPACITY TO PAY — THE ITALIAN CRISIS — THE QUESTION OF SHANTUNG — DEMANDS OF BELGIUM — THE TREATY PRESENTED TO THE GERMANS AT VERSAILLES — GERMANY SIGNS THE TREATY
14. 14.II—WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS An Attempt to Raise International Morality to the Level of Private Morality — THE WILSON PROGRAM
15. 15.III—HOW THE PEACE TREATY WAS SIGNED A Description of the Historic Ceremony in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, June 8, 1919 — A MEMORABLE SCENE — NOTABILITIES ARRIVE — THE SCENE INSIDE — THE PEACE TABLE — ENTRANCE OF CHIEF ACTORS — PRESIDENT WILSON ENTERS — THE GERMANS SIGN — WILSON SIGNS NEXT — THE GERMANS DEPART
16. 16.IV—THE PEACE TREATY—ITS MEANING TO AMERICA America's "Place in the Sun" Due to Her Efforts to Secure a Just Peace — THE BASIS OF PEACE — MACHINERY OF THE LEAGUE — OBJECTIONS TO THE PLAN — MEANS TO PREVENT WAR — THE MONROE DOCTRINE — GERMAN COLONIES — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS — PROBABILITY OF WAR MINIMIZED — When Peace Came to Verdun
17. 17.THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES AND THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
18. 18.PREAMBLE
19. 19.PART I The Covenant of the League of Nations — ANNEX
20. 20.PART II. Boundaries of Germany
21. 21.PART III Political Clauses for Europe — SECTION I.— Belgium — SECTION II.— Luxemburg — SECTION III.— Left Bank of the Rhine — SECTION IV.— Sarre Basin — ANNEX — CHAPTER 1.—CESSION AND EXPLOITATION OF MINING PROPERTY — CHAPTER II.—GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE SARRE BASIN — CHAPTER III.—PLEBISCITE — SECTION V.— Alsace-Lorraine — ANNEX — SECTION VI.— Austria — SECTION VII.— Czechoslovak State — SECTION VIII.— Poland — ANNEX — SECTION IX.— East Prussia. — SECTION X.— Memel — SECTION XI.— Free City of Danzig — SECTION XII.— Schleswig — SECTION XIII.— Heligoland — SECTION XIV.— Russia and Russian States
22. 22.PART IV German Rights and Interests Outside Germany — SECTION I.— German Colonies — SECTION II.— China — SECTION III.— Siam — SECTION IV.— Liberia — SECTION V.— Morocco — SECTION VI.— Egypt — SECTION VII.— Turkey and Bulgaria — SECTION VIII.— Shantung
23. 23.PART V Military, Naval, and Aerial Clauses — SECTION I.— Military Clauses — CHAPTER I.—EFFECTIVES AND CADRES OF THE GERMAN ARMY — CHAPTER II.—ARMAMENT, MUNITIONS, AND MATERIAL — CHAPTER III.—RECRUITING AND MILITARY TRAINING — CHAPTER IV.—FORTIFICATIONS — TABLE NO. 1. — 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INFANTRY DIVISION. — 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF A CAVALRY DIVISION. — TABLE NO. 2. — TABLE NO. 3. Maximum Stocks Authorized. — SECTION II.— Naval Clauses — SECTION III.— Air Clauses — SECTION IV.— Interallied Commissions of Control — SECTION V.— General Articles
24. 24.PART VI Prisoners of War and Graves — SECTION I.— Prisoners of War — SECTION II.— Graves
25. 25.PART VII Penalties
26. 26.PART VIII Reparation — SECTION I.— General Provisions — ANNEX I. — ANNEX II. — ANNEX III. — ANNEX IV. — ANNEX V. — ANNEX VI. — ANNEX VII. — SECTION II.— Special Provisions
27. 27.PART IX Financial Clauses
28. 28.PART X Economic Clauses — SECTION I.— Commercial Relations — CHAPTER I.—CUSTOMS REGULATIONS, DUTIES, AND RESTRICTIONS — CHAPTER II.—SHIPPING — CHAPTER III.—UNFAIR COMPETITION — CHAPTER IV.—TREATMENT OF NATIONALS OF ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS — CHAPTER V.—GENERAL ARTICLES — SECTION II.— Treaties — SECTION III.— Debts. — ANNEX — SECTION IV.— Property, Rights, and Interests — ANNEX — SECTION V.— Contracts, Prescriptions, Judgments — ANNEX — I. General Provisions — II. Provisions Relating to Certain Classes of Contracts — Stock Exchange and Commercial Exchange Contracts — Security — Negotiable Instruments — III. Contracts of Insurance — Fire Insurance — Life Insurance — Marine Insurance — Other Insurances — Re-Insurance — SECTION VI.— Mixed Arbitral Tribunal — ANNEX — SECTION VII.— Industrial Property — SECTION VIII.— Social and State Insurance in Ceded Territory
29. 29.PART XI Aerial Navigation
30. 30.PART XII Ports, Waterways, and Railways — SECTION I.— General Provisions — SECTION II.— Navigation — CHAPTER I.—FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION — CHAPTER II.—FREE ZONES IN PORTS — CHAPTER III.—CLAUSES RELATING TO THE ELBE, THE ODER, THE NIEMEN (RUSSTROM-MEMEL-NIEMEN), AND THE DANUBE — (I)— General Clauses — (3) Special Clauses Relating to the Danube — CHAPTER IV.—CLAUSES RELATING TO THE RHINE AND THE MOSELLE — CHAPTER V.—CLAUSES GIVING TO THE CZECHO-SLOVAK STATE THE USE OF NORTHERN PORTS — SECTION III.— Railways — CHAPTER I.—CLAUSES RELATING TO INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT — CHAPTER II.—ROLLING STOCK — CHAPTER III.—CESSIONS OF RAILWAY LINES — CHAPTER IV.—PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN RAILWAY LINES — CHAPTER V.—TRANSITORY PROVISIONS — SECTION IV.— Disputes and Revision of Permanent Clauses — SECTION V.— Special Provision — SECTION VI.— Clauses Relating to the Kiel Canal
31. 31.PART XIII Labor — SECTION I.— Organization of Labor — CHAPTER I.—ORGANIZATION — CHAPTER II.—PROCEDURE — CHAPTER III.—GENERAL — CHAPTER IV.—TRANSITORY PROVISIONS — ANNEX — SECTION II.— General Principles
32. 32.PART XIV Guarantees — SECTION I.— Western Europe — SECTION II.— Eastern Europe
33. 33.PART XV Miscellaneous Provisions — ANNEX
34. 34.REJECTION OF THE PEACE TREATY The Senate Fails to Ratify the Treaty of Versailles With the Revised Lodge Reservations by a Vote of 49 to 35 — RATIFICATION, WITH ORIGINAL LODGE RESERVATIONS, DEFEATED NOV. 19, 1919. — THE TREATY AGAIN BEFORE THE SENATE — ARTICLE X OF THE LEAGUE — THE ORIGINAL LODGE RESERVATION — THE PROPOSED COMPROMISE RESERVATION — ARTICLE X, SAYS WILSON, NULLIFIES A SACRED OBLIGATION — "A NEW DOCTRINE IN THE WORLD'S AFFAIRS" — DEMOCRACY VERSUS IMPERIALISM — ARTICLE X AS FINALLY ADOPTED — THE TREATY AGAIN REJECTED
35. 35.THE RESERVATIONS WHICH FAILED Text of the Preamble and Fifteen Reservations as Adopted by the Senate Before the Final Vote on Ratification — The First Meeting of the Council of the League of Nations
36. 36.PEACE BY CONGRESSIONAL ENACTMENT FAILS — TEXT OF HOUSE RESOLUTION — MINORITY OPPOSITION — RESOLUTION PASSES HOUSE, 242 TO 150 — SENATE TAKES UP FIGHT TO FORCE PEACE — TEXT OF ORIGINAL KNOX RESOLUTION — A DEMOCRAT PAYS HIS RESPECTS TO REPUBLICANS — KNOX URGES SEPARATE PEACE WITH GERMANY — WILSON TO BLAME — WHY UNITED STATES WENT TO WAR — WAR AT END, IN FACT AND IN LAW — VERSAILLES TREATY IMPOSSIBLE — KNOX RESOLUTION PASSES BOTH HOUSES — TEXT OF AMENDED RESOLUTION — PRESIDENT'S VETO
37. 37.THE MAP OF EUROPE REMADE Proposed Form of Government, Countries from Which Formed and Ethnic or Racial Stock of Newly Established Political Units Resulting from the World War.
38. 38.OUR PART IN WINNING THE WAR Official Figures That Reveal the Enormous Contribution of This Country in Men, Money and Supplies — THE SELECTIVE SERVICE — HOW THE DRAFT WAS MADE UP — CAMPS AND TRAINING — GETTING THE TROOPS OVER — TRANSPORTATION EXTRAORDINARY — FEEDING AND CLOTHING PROBLEMS — GUNS AND MUNITIONS — THE ARTILLERY SUPPLY — THE CAMPAIGN OF 1919 — GAS AND EXPLOSIVES — THE AIR SERVICE — CARGO SHIPMENTS — SIGNAL CORPS STATISTICS — CONSTRUCTION STATISTICS — TWO HUNDRED DAYS OF BATTLE — THE DEADLIEST WAR
39. 39.INDEX
40. 40.I.—PORTRAITS
41. 41.II.—GENERAL
42. 42.MAPS

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