Essays On the Microscope

About this eBook

Author

Adams, George, 1750-1795

Title

Essays on the Microscope Containing a Practical Description of the Most Improved Microscopes, a General History of Insects, etc., etc.

Credits

Produced by Chris Curnow, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

QH: Science: Natural history

Subject

Insects -- Early works to 1800

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 61169

Release Date

January 14, 2020

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.ESSAYS ON THE MICROSCOPE .
2. 2.PREFACE.
3. 3.A LIST OF THE AUTHORS WHICH HAVE BEEN CONSULTED IN THE COMPILATION OF THE FORMER AND PRESENT EDITION OF THESE ESSAYS.
4. 4.ADVERTISEMENT.
5. 5.CONTENTS.
6. 6.ERRATA.
7. 7.LIST OF THE PLATES, WITH REFERENCES TO THE PAGES WHERE THE SEVERAL FIGURES ARE DESCRIBED.
8. 8.CHAP. I. A CONCISE HISTORY OF THE INVENTION AND IMPROVEMENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE UPON THE INSTRUMENT CALLED A MICROSCOPE. — TO MAKE SMALL GLASS MICROSCOPIC GLOBULES.
9. 9.CHAP. II. OF VISION; OF THE OPTICAL EFFECT OF MICROSCOPES, AND OF THE MANNER OF ESTIMATING THEIR MAGNIFYING POWERS. — OF THE SINGLE MICROSCOPE. — OF THE DOUBLE OR COMPOUND MICROSCOPE. — OF THE SOLAR MICROSCOPE. — OF THE MAGNIFYING POWERS OF THE MICROSCOPE. — OF THE NEEDLE MICROMETER. — ACCOUNT OF GLASS, PEARL, &c. MICROMETERS, BY THE EDITOR.
10. 10.CHAP. III. A DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST APPROVED MICROSCOPES, AND THE METHOD OF USING THEM. — DESCRIPTION OF ADAMS’S IMPROVED AND UNIVERSAL LUCERNAL MICROSCOPE. Fig. 1. Plate III. — OF THE LAMP. — TO EXAMINE OPAKE OBJECTS WITH THE LUCERNAL MICROSCOPE. — TO USE THE LUCERNAL MICROSCOPE IN THE EXAMINATION OF TRANSPARENT OBJECTS. — TO TRANSMIT THE IMAGE OF TRANSPARENT OBJECTS ON A SCREEN, AS BY THE SOLAR MICROSCOPE. — APPARATUS WHICH USUALLY ACCOMPANIES THE IMPROVED LUCERNAL MICROSCOPE. — A DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL IMPROVEMENTS MADE UPON MR. ADAMS’S LUCERNAL MICROSCOPE. BY THE EDITOR. — DESCRIPTION OF CUFF’S DOUBLE-CONSTRUCTED MICROSCOPE, REPRESENTED AT Fig. 1. Plate VII. A. [32] — A LIST OF THE APPARATUS TO CUFF’S DOUBLE-CONSTRUCTED MICROSCOPE. [33] — TO USE THIS MICROSCOPE. — THE DESCRIPTION AND USE OF JONES’S IMPROVED COMPOUND OR DOUBLE MICROSCOPES, REPRESENTED IN Fig. 1 AND 2. Plate IV. BY THE EDITOR. — LIST OF APPARATUS GENERALLY MADE TO THIS MICROSCOPE. — TO USE THIS MICROSCOPE. — OF THE MOST IMPROVED COMPOUND MICROSCOPE, BEING UNIVERSAL IN ITS USES, AND FORMING THE SINGLE, COMPOUND, OPAKE, AND AQUATIC MICROSCOPES. — THE GENERAL APPARATUS TO THIS MICROSCOPE IS AS FOLLOWS. — ADDITIONAL APPARATUS TO THIS BEST MICROSCOPE. — TO USE THIS MICROSCOPE. — A DESCRIPTION OF CULPEPER’S, OR THE COMMON THREE-PILLARED MICROSCOPE. Plate IV. Fig. 3. — A LIST OF THE APPARATUS TO CULPEPER’S MICROSCOPE. — TO USE THIS MICROSCOPE. — A DESCRIPTION OF MARTIN’S IMPROVED SOLAR MICROSCOPE, WHICH IS CONSTRUCTED TO EXHIBIT TRANSPARENT AND OPAKE OBJECTS. Plate V. — APPARATUS TO THE OPAKE SOLAR MICROSCOPE. — TO USE THE SOLAR MICROSCOPE. — DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSPARENT SOLAR MICROSCOPE AND APPARATUS. Plate VI. Fig. 4, to 14. — APPARATUS BELONGING TO THIS SOLAR MICROSCOPE. — To use the transparent solar microscope. — THE SCREW BARREL, OR WILSON’S SINGLE POCKET MICROSCOPE. Plate II. B. Fig. 1 and 2. — DESCRIPTION OF A SCROLL FOR FIXING WILSON’S POCKET MICROSCOPE, AND A MIRROR FOR REFLECTING LIGHT INTO IT. — DESCRIPTION OF A SMALL MICROSCOPE FOR OPAKE OBJECTS. Plate II. B. Fig. 3 and 4. — OF ELLIS’S SINGLE OR AQUATIC MICROSCOPE. Plate VII. B. — DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE. — DESCRIPTION OF LYONET’S ANATOMICAL MICROSCOPE. Plate VI. Fig. 3. — To use the dissecting table. — DR. WITHERING’S BOTANICAL MICROSCOPE. Plate VI. Fig. 1. — THE POCKET BOTANICAL AND UNIVERSAL MICROSCOPE. — BOTANICAL MAGNIFIERS. — DESCRIPTION OF A PORTABLE MICROSCOPE AND TELESCOPE. Plate VIII. Fig. 1, to 6. — DESCRIPTION OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR CUTTING THIN TRANSVERSE SECTIONS OF WOOD, Plate IX. Fig. 1.
11. 11.CHAP. IV. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE MICROSCOPE AND PREPARING THE OBJECTS. — OF THE NECESSARY PREPARATION OF THE MICROSCOPE FOR OBSERVATION. — OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE LIGHT. — OF THE PREPARATION OF OBJECTS FOR THE MICROSCOPE. — OF ANIMALCULA IN INFUSIONS, &C. — DIRECTIONS FOR FINDING, FEEDING, AND PRESERVING THE POLYPES. — OF VEGETABLES. — THE METHOD OF PREPARING SALTS AND SALINE SUBSTANCES, FOR THE VIEWING THEIR CONFIGURATIONS.
12. 12.CHAP. V. THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL HISTORY; OF INSECTS IN GENERAL, AND OF THEIR CONSTITUENT PARTS. — A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INSECTS. — OF THE PROBOSCIS OF THE BEE. — OF THE PROBOSCIS OF THE BUTTERFLY. — OF THE PROBOSCIS OF THE CULEX OR GNAT. — OF THE PROBOSCIS OF THE TABANUS OR OX-FLY. — THE ANTENNÆ OF INSECTS. — OF THE EYES OF INSECTS. — OF THE BODY OF INSECTS. — OF THE ABDOMEN OF INSECTS. — OF THE LIMBS OF INSECTS. — OF THE WINGS OF INSECTS. — PEDES THE FEET, AND LEGS OF INSECTS. — OF THE TAIL AND STING OF INSECTS. — DISTINGUISHING CRITERIA OF INSECTS. — OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF INSECTS. — OF THE LARVA STATE OF INSECTS. — OF THE CHANGE FROM THE LARVA TO THE PUPA STATE. — OF THE PREPARATION OF THE CATERPILLAR FOR THE METAMORPHOSES. — OF THE IMAGO OR FLY STATE OF INSECTS. — OF THE SILK-WORM. — OF THE BEETLE. — OF THE MUSCA CHAMÆLEON. — OF THE LIBELLULA OR DRAGON FLY. — OF THE RESPIRATION OF INSECTS. — OF RESPIRATION IN THE LARVA OF THE MUSCA PENDULA. — OF THE GENERATION OF INSECTS. — OF THE APHIDES OR PUCERONS. — OF THE APIS OR BEE. — OF THE EGGS OF INSECTS. — OF THE FOOD OF INSECTS. — OF THE HABITATION OF INSECTS. — OF THE TERMITES, GENERALLY CALLED WHITE ANTS. — OF THE HABITATIONS OF CATERPILLARS.
13. 13.CHAP. VI. A GENERAL VIEW OF THE INTERNAL PARTS OF INSECTS, AND MORE PARTICULARLY OF THE CATERPILLAR OF THE PHALÆNA COSSUS—-A DESCRIPTION OF SUNDRY MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS. — A GENERAL VIEW OF THE INTERIOR PARTS OF THE CATERPILLAR. — A DESCRIPTION OF SUNDRY MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS, EXHIBITED IN SEVERAL PLATES OF THIS WORK. — OF THE LEPAS ANATIFERA OR BARNACLE. [101] — OF THE LEUCOPSIS DORSIGERA. — OF THE LOBSTER INSECT. — OF THE THRIPS PHYSAPUS. — OF THE SKIN OF THE LUMP SUCKER. — OF THE CIMEX STRIATUS. — OF THE CHRYSOMELA ASPARAGI. — OF THE MELOE MONOCEROS. — OF THE SCALES OF FISH.
14. 14.CHAP. VII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE HYDRA, OR FRESH-WATER POLYPE. — HYDRA. [111] — OF THE HYDRA VIRIDIS, HYDRA FUSCA, AND HYDRA GRISEA. — OF THE FOOD OF THE HYDRÆ, AND THEIR METHOD OF SEIZING AND SWALLOWING THEIR PREY. — OF THE GENERATION OF THE HYDRÆ. — OF THE RE-PRODUCTION OF THE HYDRÆ. — OF THE HYDRA PALLENS. — OF THE HYDRA HYDATULA. — OF THE HYDRA STENTOREA. — OF THE HYDRA SOCIALIS. — OF THE VORTICELLÆ. — VORTICELLA.
15. 15.CHAP. VIII. OF THE ANIMALCULA INFUSORIA. — A METHODICAL DIVISION OF THE ANIMALCULA INFUSORIA. — I. MONAS. — II. PROTEUS. — III. VOLVOX. — IV. ENCHELIS. — V. VIBRIO. — VI. CYCLIDIUM. — VII. PARAMÆCIUM. — VIII. KOLPODA. — IX. GONIUM. — X. BURSARIA. — XI. CERCARIA. — XII. LEUCOPHRA. — XIII. TRICHODA. — XIV. KERONA. — XV. HIMANTOPUS. — XVI. VORTICELLA. — XVII. BRACHIONUS. — ADDITIONAL ANIMALCULA INFUSORIA, EXHIBITED IN PLATE XXVI.
16. 16.CHAP. IX. ON THE ORGANIZATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF TIMBER, AS VIEWED BY THE MICROSCOPE. — OF THE RIND. — OF THE VESSELS WHICH ARE CONTAINED BETWEEN THE RIND AND THE BARK. — OF THE BARK. — OF THE CELLULAR TISSUE. — OF THE VASA PROPRIA INTERIORA. — OF THE BLEA. — OF THE WOOD. — OF THE CORONA. — OF THE PITH. — OF THE SAP VESSELS. — OF THE VASA PROPRIA INTIMA.
17. 17.CHAP. X. OF THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF SALTS, AS SEEN BY THE MICROSCOPE; TOGETHER WITH A CONCISE LIST OF OBJECTS. — A CONCISE LIST OF OBJECTS FOR THE MICROSCOPE . — OF OPAKE OBJECTS. — OF TRANSPARENT OBJECTS. — OF THE PULEX IRRITANS, OR COMMON FLEA. — OF THE CIMEX LECTULARIUS, OR BED BUG. — OF THE PEDICULUS HUMANUS, OR LOUSE. — OF THE ARANEA, OR SPIDER. — OF THE CULEX, OR GNAT.
18. 18.CHAP. XI. AN ARRANGEMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF MINUTE AND RARE SHELLS.—A DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF A VARIETY OF VEGETABLE SEEDS, AS THEY APPEAR WHEN VIEWED BY THE MICROSCOPE. BY THE EDITOR. — A DESCRIPTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF MINUTE AND RARE SHELLS. [154] — SERPULA. THE WORM-SHELL. — DENTALE. THE TOOTH-SHELL. — PATELLA. THE LIMPET. — HELIX. THE DEPRESSED SNAIL. — TURBO. THE PRODUCED SNAIL. — TROCHUS. THE TOP-SHELL. — BUCCINUM. THE WHILK. — VOLUTA. THE VOLUTE. — BULLA. THE DIPPER. — NAUTILUS. THE CHAMBERED NAUTILUS. — MYTILUS. THE MUSCLE. — ANOMIA. THE SCALE. — ARCA. THE ARC. — CARDIUM. THE COCKLE. — LEPAS. THE ACORN-SHELL. — ECHINUS. THE SEA-URCHIN. — ASTERIAS. THE STAR-FISH. — A DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF A VARIETY OF VEGETABLE SEEDS. [155] — Lithospermum Officinale. — Cyminum. — Papaver Album. — Carduus Benedictus. — Plantago. — Staphis Agria. — Anisum. — Fœniculum Dulce. — Grana Paradisi. — Petroselinum. — Petroselinum Macedonicum. — Coriandrum. — Seseli. — Hyoscyamus. — Cicer Rubrum. — Laurus. — Ficoides Afra. — Palma Arecifera. — Juniperus. — Santonicum. — Scabiosa Major Vulgaris.
19. 19.CHAP. XII. INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING AND PRESERVING INSECTS—A COPIOUS LIST OF MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS. BY THE EDITOR. — THE METHOD OF PROCURING MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. — THE METHOD OF COLLECTING MOTHS, &C. IN THEIR CATERPILLAR STATE. — THE METHOD OF REARING OR BREEDING THEM. — THE METHOD OF COLLECTING THEM IN THEIR CHRYSALIS STATE. — THE METHOD OF COLLECTING THEM IN THEIR FLY OR PERFECT STATE. — THE METHOD OF MANAGING THEM IN THEIR FLY STATE. — THE METHODS OF COLLECTING INSECTS OF THE BEETLE KIND. — THE METHOD OF COLLECTING INSECTS CALLED HEMIPTERA. — THE METHOD OF COLLECTING INSECTS CALLED NEUROPTERA. — THE METHOD OF COLLECTING INSECTS CALLED HYMENOPTERA. — THE METHOD OF COLLECTING INSECTS CALLED DIPTERA. — GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING UP A CABINET. — A COPIOUS LIST OF MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS. — I. ANIMALS, AND THEIR PARTS. — II. FOSSILS. — III. VEGETABLES. — SALTS, AND VARIOUS CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
20. 20.ADDITIONS.
21. 21.LIST OF THE PRICES AT WHICH THE MICROSCOPES AND APPARATUS ARE MADE AND SOLD BY MESSRS. JONES, HOLBORN, LONDON.
22. 22.INDEX.
23. 23.A CATALOGUE OF Optical, Mathematical, and Philosophical Instruments , MADE AND SOLD BY W. and S. JONES , [No. 135,] NEXT FURNIVAL’S-INN, HOLBORN, LONDON. — OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. — MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS. — ASTRONOMICAL, &c. INSTRUMENTS. — PHILOSOPHICAL, &c. INSTRUMENTS. — The principal Apparatus for the Air Pump as follow : — Apparatus for Electrical Machines as follow: — The medical Apparatus consists of , — FOR PHILOSOPHICAL CHEMISTRY. — Instruments of Recreation and Amusement. — BOOKS published by W. JONES. — Other BOOKS sold by W. and S. JONES. — QUARTO. — OCTAVO.
24. 24.Transcriber’s Notes — Changes made

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