Aviation Engines

About this eBook

Author

Pagé, Victor Wilfred, 1885-1947

Title

Aviation Engines: Design—Construction—Operation and Repair

Credits

E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Harry Lamé, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team

Language

English

LoC Class

TL: Technology: Motor vehicles, Aeronautics, Astronautics

Subject

Airplanes -- Motors

Category

Text

eBook-No.

38187

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38187

Release Date

December 2, 2011

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Untitled
2. 2.JUST PUBLISHED — AVIATION ENGINES Design—Construction—Operation and Repair
3. 3.PREFACE
4. 4.CONTENTS
5. 5.CHAPTER I — BRIEF CONSIDERATION OF AIRCRAFT TYPES — ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS OF AERIAL MOTORS — AERIAL MOTORS MUST BE LIGHT — FACTORS INFLUENCING POWER NEEDED — WHY EXPLOSIVE MOTORS ARE BEST — HISTORICAL — MAIN TYPES OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES — CLASSIFICATION BY CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT
6. 6.CHAPTER II — OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF TWO- AND FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES — THE TWO-CYCLE AND FOUR-CYCLE TYPES — THEORY OF THE GAS AND GASOLINE ENGINE — EARLY GAS ENGINE FORMS — THE ISOTHERMAL LAW — THE ADIABATIC LAW — TEMPERATURE COMPUTATIONS — HEAT AND ITS WORK — CONVERSION OF HEAT TO POWER — REQUISITES FOR BEST POWER EFFECT
7. 7.CHAPTER III — EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES — VARIOUS MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY — TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES — FACTORS GOVERNING ECONOMY — LOSSES IN WALL COOLING — VALUE OF INDICATOR CARDS — COMPRESSION IN EXPLOSIVE MOTORS — FACTORS LIMITING COMPRESSION — CHART FOR DETERMINING COMPRESSION PRESSURES — CAUSES OF HEAT LOSS AND INEFFICIENCY IN EXPLOSIVE MOTORS — HEAT LOSSES TO COOLING WATER
8. 8.CHAPTER IV — ENGINE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS — WHY MULTIPLE CYLINDER FORMS ARE BEST — DESCRIBING SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS — FOUR- AND SIX-CYLINDER ENGINES — ACTUAL DURATION OF DIFFERENT STROKES — EIGHT- AND TWELVE-CYLINDER V ENGINES — RADIAL CYLINDER ARRANGEMENTS — ROTARY ENGINES
9. 9.CHAPTER V — DISTILLATES OF CRUDE PETROLEUM — PRINCIPLES OF CARBURETION OUTLINED — AIR NEEDED TO BURN GASOLINE — WHAT A CARBURETOR SHOULD DO — LIQUID FUEL STORAGE AND SUPPLY — STEWART VACUUM FUEL FEED — EARLY VAPORIZER FORMS — DEVELOPMENT OF FLOAT-FEED CARBURETOR — MAYBACH’S EARLY DESIGN — CONCENTRIC FLOAT AND JET TYPE — SCHEBLER CARBURETOR — THE CLAUDEL (FRENCH) CARBURETOR — STEWART METERING PIN CARBURETOR — MULTIPLE NOZZLE VAPORIZERS — BALL AND BALL TWO-STAGE CARBURETOR — MASTER MULTIPLE-JET CARBURETOR — COMPOUND NOZZLE ZENITH CARBURETOR — UTILITY OF GASOLINE STRAINERS — INTAKE MANIFOLD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION — COMPENSATING FOR VARYING ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS — HOW HIGH ALTITUDE AFFECTS POWER — THE DIESEL SYSTEM — NOTES ON CARBURETOR INSTALLATION IN AIRPLANES — Reversing Carburetors — Starvation of Mixture — A Diving Danger — NOTES ON CARBURETOR ADJUSTMENT
10. 10.CHAPTER VI — EARLY IGNITION SYSTEMS — ELECTRICAL IGNITION BEST — FUNDAMENTALS OF MAGNETISM OUTLINED — FORMS OF MAGNETS AND ZONE OF MAGNETIC INFLUENCE DEFINED — HOW IRON AND STEEL BARS ARE MADE MAGNETIC — ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM CLOSELY RELATED — BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETO OUTLINED — ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A MAGNETO AND THEIR FUNCTIONS — THE TRANSFORMER SYSTEM USES LOW VOLTAGE MAGNETO — TRUE HIGH-TENSION MAGNETOS ARE SELF-CONTAINED — THE BERLING MAGNETO — SETTING BERLING MAGNETO — First Method: — Second Method: — WIRING THE MAGNETO — CARE AND MAINTENANCE — Lubrication: — Adjusting the Interrupter: — Cleaning the Distributor: — LOCATING TROUBLE — THE DIXIE MAGNETO — CARE OF THE DIXIE MAGNETO — TIMING OF THE DIXIE MAGNETO — SPARK-PLUG DESIGN AND APPLICATION — TWO-SPARK IGNITION — SPECIAL PLUGS FOR AIRPLANE WORK
11. 11.CHAPTER VII — WHY LUBRICATION IS NECESSARY — FRICTION DEFINED — THEORY OF LUBRICATION — DERIVATION OF LUBRICANTS — PROPERTIES OF CYLINDER OILS — FACTORS INFLUENCING LUBRICATION SYSTEM SELECTION — GNOME TYPE ENGINES USE CASTOR OIL — HALL-SCOTT LUBRICATION SYSTEM — DRAINING OIL FROM CRANK-CASE — OIL SUPPLY BY CONSTANT LEVEL SPLASH SYSTEM — DRY CRANK-CASE SYSTEM BEST FOR AIRPLANE ENGINES — WHY COOLING SYSTEMS ARE NECESSARY — COOLING SYSTEMS GENERALLY APPLIED — COOLING BY POSITIVE WATER CIRCULATION — WATER CIRCULATION BY NATURAL SYSTEM — DIRECT AIR-COOLING METHODS — AIR-COOLED ENGINE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
12. 12.CHAPTER VIII — METHODS OF CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION — BLOCK CASTINGS — INFLUENCE ON CRANK-SHAFT DESIGN — COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGN — BORE AND STROKE RATIO — MEANING OF PISTON SPEED — ADVANTAGES OF OFF-SET CYLINDERS — VALVE LOCATION OF VITAL IMPORT — VALVE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION — VALVE OPERATION — METHODS OF DRIVING CAM-SHAFT — VALVE SPRINGS — KNIGHT SLIDE VALVE MOTOR — VALVE TIMING — BLOWING BACK — LEAD GIVEN EXHAUST VALVE — EXHAUST CLOSING, INLET OPENING — CLOSING THE INLET VALVE — TIME OF IGNITION — HOW AN ENGINE IS TIMED — GNOME “MONOSOUPAPE” VALVE TIMING — SPRINGLESS VALVES — FOUR VALVES PER CYLINDER
13. 13.CHAPTER IX — CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF PISTONS — ALUMINUM FOR CYLINDERS AND PISTONS — PISTON RING CONSTRUCTION — LEAK-PROOF PISTON RINGS — KEEPING OIL OUT OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS — CONNECTING ROD FORMS — CAM-SHAFT AND CRANK-SHAFT DESIGN — BALL-BEARING CRANK-SHAFTS — ENGINE-BASE CONSTRUCTION
14. 14.CHAPTER X — INSTALLATION OF CURTISS OX-2 ENGINE — STANDARD S.A.E. ENGINE BED DIMENSIONS — HALL-SCOTT ENGINE INSTALLATION — FUEL SYSTEM INSTALLATION — IGNITION SWITCHES — WATER SYSTEMS — PREPARATIONS TO START ENGINE — INSTALLING ROTARY AND RADIAL CYLINDER ENGINES — PRACTICAL HINTS TO LOCATE ENGINE TROUBLES — A TYPICAL ENGINE STOPPAGE ANALYZED — CONDITIONS THAT CAUSE FAILURE OF IGNITION SYSTEM — COMMON DEFECTS IN FUEL SYSTEMS — DEFECTS IN OILING SYSTEMS — DEFECTS IN COOLING SYSTEMS OUTLINED — SOME CAUSES OF NOISY OPERATION — BRIEF SUMMARY OF HINTS FOR STARTING ENGINE — LOCATION OF ENGINE TROUBLES MADE EASY — Ignition System Troubles Only — Motor Will Not Start or Starts Hard — Motor Stops Without Warning — Motor Runs Irregularly or Misfires — DEFECTS IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS — Carburetion System Faults Summarized — Motor Starts Hard or Will Not Start — Motor Stops In Flight — Motor Races, Will Not Throttle Down — Motor Misfires — Noisy Operation
15. 15.CHAPTER XI — TOOLS FOR ADJUSTING AND ERECTING — FORMS OF WRENCHES — USE AND CARE OF FILES — SPLIT PIN REMOVAL AND INSERTION — COMPLETE CHISEL SET — DRILLING MACHINES — DRILLS, REAMERS, TAPS AND DIES — MEASURING TOOLS — MICROMETER CALIPERS AND THEIR USE — TYPICAL TOOL OUTFITS — SPECIAL HALL-SCOTT TOOLS — OVERHAULING AIRPLANE ENGINES — DEFECTS IN CYLINDERS — CARBON DEPOSITS, THEIR CAUSE AND PREVENTION — USE OF CARBON SCRAPERS — BURNING OUT CARBON WITH OXYGEN — REPAIRING SCORED CYLINDERS — VALVE REMOVAL AND INSPECTION — RESEATING AND TRUING VALVES — VALVE GRINDING PROCESSES — DEPRECIATION IN VALVE OPERATING SYSTEMS — PISTON TROUBLES — PISTON RING MANIPULATION — FITTING PISTON RINGS — WRIST PIN WEAR — INSPECTION AND REFITTING OF ENGINE BEARINGS — ADJUSTING MAIN BEARINGS — SCRAPING BRASSES TO FIT — FITTING CONNECTING RODS — SPRUNG CAM-SHAFT — PRECAUTIONS IN REASSEMBLING PARTS — TESTING BEARING PARALLELISM — CAM-SHAFTS AND TIMING GEARS
16. 16.CHAPTER XII — AVIATION ENGINE TYPES — ANZANI ENGINES — CANTON AND UNNÉ ENGINE — CONSTRUCTION OF EARLY GNOME MOTOR — GNOME “MONOSOUPAPE” TYPE — GNOME FUEL SYSTEM, IGNITION AND LUBRICATION — GERMAN “GNOME” TYPE ENGINE — THE LE RHONE MOTOR — THE RENAULT AIR-COOLED VEE ENGINE — SIMPLEX MODEL “A” HISPANO-SUIZA — STURTEVANT MODEL 5A 140 HORSE-POWER ENGINE — SPECIFICATIONS—MODEL 5A TYPE 8 — THE CURTISS AVIATION MOTORS — THOMAS-MORSE MODEL 88 ENGINE — SIXTEEN-VALVE DUESENBERG ENGINE — AEROMARINE SIX-CYLINDER VERTICAL MOTOR — WISCONSIN AVIATION ENGINES — PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS — TWELVE-CYLINDER ENGINE — HALL-SCOTT AVIATION ENGINES — GERMAN AIRPLANE MOTORS — MERCEDES MOTOR — THE BENZ MOTOR — AUSTRO-DAIMLER ENGINE — SUNBEAM AVIATION ENGINES — INDICATING METERS FOR AUXILIARY SYSTEMS — COMPRESSED AIR-STARTING SYSTEMS — ELECTRIC STARTING SYSTEMS — BATTERY IGNITION SYSTEM PARTS
17. 17.INDEX
18. 18.LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
19. 19.CATALOGUE
20. 20.INDEX
21. 21.AUTOMOBILES AND MOTORCYCLES — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK: — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK: — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK: — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK:
22. 22.AUTOMOBILE AND MOTORCYCLE CHARTS
23. 23.AVIATION
24. 24.GLOSSARY OF AVIATION TERMS — BRAZING AND SOLDERING — CHARTS
25. 25.COKE
26. 26.COMPRESSED AIR
27. 27.CONCRETE — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK:
28. 28.DICTIONARIES
29. 29.DIES—METAL WORK
30. 30.DRAWING—SKETCHING PAPER
31. 31.ELECTRICITY
32. 32.FACTORY MANAGEMENT, ETC.
33. 33.FUEL
34. 34.GAS ENGINES AND GAS — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK:
35. 35.GEARING AND CAMS
36. 36.HYDRAULICS
37. 37.ICE AND REFRIGERATION
38. 38.INVENTIONS—PATENTS
39. 39.KNOTS
40. 40.LATHE WORK — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK:
41. 41.LIQUID AIR
42. 42.LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
43. 43.MACHINE-SHOP PRACTICE — THE WHOLE FIELD OF MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS COVERED BY MR. HISCOX’S TWO BOOKS
44. 44.MANUAL TRAINING
45. 45.MARINE ENGINEERING
46. 46.MINING
47. 47.PATTERN MAKING
48. 48.PERFUMERY — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK:
49. 49.PLUMBING
50. 50.RECIPE BOOK — WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK: — “ONE OF THE WORLD’S MOST USEFUL BOOKS”
51. 51.RUBBER
52. 52.SAWS
53. 53.STEAM ENGINEERING
54. 54.STEAM HEATING AND VENTILATION
55. 55.STEEL
56. 56.TRACTORS
57. 57.TURBINES
58. 58.WATCH MAKING
59. 59.WELDING
60. 60.Transcriber’s Notes

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