Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, vol. 2 of 3

About this eBook

Author

Tod, James, 1782-1835

Title

Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 2 of 3 or the Central and Western Rajput States of India

Credits

Produced by Emmanuel Ackerman, KD Weeks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

DS: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere: Asia

Subject

Rajasthan (India) -- History

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 57375

Release Date

July 5, 2018

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES OF RAJASTHAN
2. 2.CONTENTS
3. 3.ILLUSTRATIONS — BOOK IV— Continued RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENTS, FESTIVALS, AND CUSTOMS OF MEWĀR — CHAPTER 19 — Influence of the Priesthood. — Weighing of Princes against Gold. — Grants to Brāhmans and Devotees. — Tithes, Temples. — Political Influence of Brāhmans. — Tithes levied by Brāhmans. — Privileges of Saivas and Jains. — Worship of Siva. — The Temple of Eklinga. — Priestly Functions of the Mewār Rānas. — Privileges of Jains. — Absence of Intolerance. — Grant of Rāna Rāj Singh. — The Jain Retreat. — Nāthdwāra. — The Mughals and Krishna Worship. — The Image of Krishna removed to Mewār. Founding of Nāthdwāra. — Benefactions to Nāthdwāra. — Rights of Sanctuary. — Violation of Sanctuary. — Endowments of Nāthdwāra. — Food offered to Deities. — Lands dedicated to the Shrine. — Grants to the High Priest. — Effects of Krishna-worship on the Rājputs. — CHAPTER 20 — Krishna. — Sun and Moon Worship. — The Forms of Krishna. — The Rāsmandal Dance. — The Songs of Jayadeva. — The Rāsmandal Dance. — Govardhana. — Cave Worship of Krishna. — Krishna a Dragon-Slayer. — Parallels to Krishna in other Mythologies. — The Annakūta Festival. — Interruption of Worship. — Seven Forms of Krishna. — The Pontiff of Nāthdwāra. — APPENDIX — No. I — No. II — No. III — No. IV — No. V — No. VI — No. VII — No. VIII — No. IX — No. X — No. XI — No. XII — CHAPTER 21 — The Importance of Mythology. — The Aboriginal Tribes. — Comparative Study of Festivals. — Analogies to Rājput Customs in Northern Europe. — Festivals in Mewār. Naurātri Festival. — The Repose of Vishnu. — Spring Festival, Vasant Panchami. — Bhān Saptami Festival. — Sun Worship. — Sun Worship at Udaipur. — The Spring Hunt. — The Phāg or Holi Festival. — Chait. — Sītala’s Festival. — Birthday of the Rana. — New Year’s Day. The Festival of Flowers. — The Festival of Flowers. — Ganggor Festival. — The Bathing of the Goddess. — The Agastya Festival. — The Goddess Ganga. — The Aghori Ascetics. — Affinities of Hindu to other Mythologies. — The Birth of Rāma. — The Festival of Kamadeva. — Festivals in the month Baisākh: April-May. — Savitrivrata Festival. — Festivals in the month Jeth: May-June. — The Aranya-Shashthi Festival. — Festivals in the month Āsārh: June-July. — Festivals in the month Sāwan: July-August. — The Tij. — The Nāgpanchami Festival: Serpent Worship. — The Rākhi Festival. — Festivals in the month Bhādon: August-September. — Ancestor Worship. — CHAPTER 22 — Khadga Sthapana, Sword Worship. — The Dasahra Festival. — The Toran Arch. — Gates. — Ganesa. — Analogies to Western Customs. Oaths by the Sword. — The Magic Sword of Mewār. — The Birth of Kumāra. — The Winter Season. — Karttika. — The Diwāli, or Festival of Lamps. — Festival of Yama. — The Annakūta Festival. — The Jaljātra Festival. — The Makara Sankrānti Festival. — Mitra Saptami, Bhāskara Saptami Festivals. — Phallicism. — Siva and the Sun. — Festivals in Honour of Vishnu. — The Argonauts. — Egyptian Influence on Hindu Mythology. — Wide Extension of Hindu Mythology. — CHAPTER 23 — The Character of the Rājput. Influence of Custom. — Rājput Morals. — Variety of Customs due to Environment. — Treatment of Women by the Rājputs. — The Seclusion of Women. — The Chief of Sādri and his Wife. — Devotion of Rājput Women. — The Tale of Dewaldai. — War with Prithirāj. — Jaswant Singh and his Wife. — The Tale of Sanjogta. — The Queen of Ganor. — Rāja Jai Singh and his Wife. — A Courageous Rājput Woman. — The Wedding of Sādhu. — Nāgor taken by Stratagem. — Influence of Women on Rājput Society. — CHAPTER 24 — The Immolation of Women. — The Origin of Infanticide. — Infanticide. — Johar. — Position of Rājput Women. — Rājput Character. — Introduction of Melons, Grapes, Tobacco, Opium: the Use of Opium. — Pledge by eating Opium. — Hunting and other Sports. — Wrestling. — Armouries. — Bagpipes. — Literature among the Rajputs. Observatories. — Household Furniture. — Dress. — Cookery, Medicine. — Superstitions. — PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF THE AUTHOR — CHAPTER 25 — Leaving Udaipur. — Pallāna. — Rām Singh and the Rāja of Narsinghgarh. The Oswāl Mahājans. — Mānikchand. — The Rāja of Narsinghgarh. — Sagacity of Elephants. Usarwās. — Wolves. — The Banās River. The Fairy Gift Legend. — Samecha. — Terrace Cultivation. — Samecha Town. Rājpūt Bhūmias. — A Jain Temple. — Temple of Māma Devi. — Memorial of Prithirāj and Tāra Bāi. — Meeting with the Mers. — CHAPTER 26 — The Mer Tribe. — Prithirāj attacks the Mers. — Character of the Mers. — The Merwāra Battalion. — Marriage Customs. — Oaths, Food, Omens. — The Chief of Gokulgarh. — The Chief of Ghānērāo. — The Chief of Rūpnagar. — Godwār. — Nādol. — Remains at Nādol. — Inscriptions and Coins. — Indara. — Construction of Villages. — Pāli. — The Commerce of Pāli. — Chāran and Bhāt Carriers. — Pungiri Temple. — Khānkāni. — Bhāt Customs. Coercion by Threat of Human Sacrifice. — Jhālamand. — The Chief of Pokaran. — The Chief of Nīmāj. — CHAPTER 27 — City and Fort of Jodhpur. — Reception by the Rāja. — Rāja Mān Singh. — Descent of the Rāthors. — Deonāthji, the High Priest. — Accession of Rāja Mān Singh. — Insanity of Rāja Mān Singh. — British Control of Mārwār. Restoration and Policy of Rāja Mān Singh. — Maladministration of Rāja Mān Singh. — Interview with Rāja Mān Singh. — Mandor. Rāthor Cenotaphs. — Ancestor Worship. Sati. — The Walls of Mandor. — Thāna Pir. — Images of Heroes. — Taintīs Kula Devata Ra Thān. — An Atīt Hermit. — The Rāja visits the Author. — Taking Leave of the Rāja. — CHAPTER 28 — Nāndla. — Bīsalpur. — Pachkalia, Bīchkalia. — Pīpār. — Legend of the Sāmpu Lake. — Lākha Phulāni. — Mādreo. — Bharūnda. — Indāwar. — Merta. — The Battlefield. — The Sons of Ajīt Singh. — Effects of Adoption. — Battle between Bakhta Singh and Rāja Rām Singh, A.D. 1752. — The Death of the Mīthri Chief. — Battle of Merta, about A.D. 1756. — Resistance of Bijai Singh. — Devotion of the Mertias. — Bijai Singh returns to Nāgor. — The Assassination of Jai Āpa Sindhia, A.D. 1759. — CHAPTER 29 — Mahādaji Sindhia, A.D. 1759-94. Battle of Lālsot, A.D. 1787. — Battle of Pātan, June 20, 1790. — Battle of Merta, September 1790 A.D. — British Policy towards the Rajputs. — Jharāu. — Cenotaph of a Thākur. — Alniawās. — Govindgarh. — Fox-hunting: Hyaenas. — Pushkar Lake. — The Brahma Temple. — Bhartrihari. — CHAPTER 30 — Ajmer. — Arhāi din ka jhonpra Mosque. — Ajmer Fort. — The Bīsal Tālāb. — Anasāgar Lake. — Return March to Udaipur. — Deolia. — Dābla. — Banera. — Bhīlwāra. — Māndalgarh. — Pur. — Garnets. — Rāsmi, on the Banās River. — Merta. — Ahār. — APPENDIX — No. I — No. II — No. III — No. IV — No. V — No. VI — No. VII
4. 4.BOOK V ANNALS OF MĀRWĀR — CHAPTER 1 — Etymology of Mārwār. — The Rāthors. — Authorities. — Rāthor Origins. — Jaichand. — The City of Kanauj. — The Great States of North India. — The Invasion of Shihābu-d-dīn. — CHAPTER 2 — Migration of the Rāthors into Rājputāna. — The Tribes of Rājputāna. — The Exploits of Siāhji. — Asvatthāma. — Duhar or Dhūhada. — Rāēpāl, Chhada, Thīda, Salkha, Biramdeo, Chonda. — Ranmall killed A.D. 1444. — CHAPTER 3 — Jodha, A.D. 1444-88. The Foundation of Jodhpur. — Sāntal, Sātal, 1488-91. — Death of Rāo Jodha, A.D. 1488. — Sūja or Surajmall, A.D. 1491-1516. — The Rape of the Virgins. — Rāo Ganga, A.D. 1516-32. — Rāthors join Mewār against Bābur, A.D. 1527. — Rāo Māldeo, A.D. 1532-62, or 1568-69. — Inhospitable Conduct of Rāo Māldeo to Humāyūn, A.D. 1542. — Attack on Mārwār by Sher Shāh, A.D. 1544. — Attack by Akbar, A.D. 1558-62. — CHAPTER 4 — Vassalage of Mārwār to the Mughals. — Rāo Udai Singh, A.D. 1581-95. — Retrospect of Mārwār History. — Feudalism in Mārwār. — Death of Rāo Udai Singh. — Brāhman sacrifices his Daughter. — CHAPTER 5 — Campaign in Gujarāt. — Death of Rāja Sūr Singh, A.D. 1620: his Character. — Rāja Gaj Singh, A.D. 1620-38. — Death of Parvez, A.D. 1626. — Offence given to the Rāthors. — Death of Rāja Gaj Singh, A.D. 1638. — Rāja Jaswant Singh, A.D. 1638-78. — Amra, Amar Singh excluded from the Succession. — Amra, Amar assassinates Salābat Khān. — CHAPTER 6 — Rāja Jaswant Singh, A.D. 1638-78. — The War of Succession. — Campaign against Aurangzeb, A.D. 1657-58—The Battle of Dharmātpur. — Battle of Jājau. — Battle of Khajwa. — Policy of Jaswant Singh. — Treatment of Prithi Singh by Aurangzeb. — Character of Jaswant Singh. — The Tale of Nāhar Khān. — CHAPTER 7 — Fate of the Family of Jaswant Singh. — Birth of Ajīt Singh. — The Johar. — The Youth of Ajīt Singh. Campaign of Aurangzeb in Mārwār. — Retreat of the Rathors. — The Rebellion of Prince Akbar, A.D. 1681. — The Rāthors abandon Akbar. — Character of Durgadās. — Escape of Prince Akbar. — Assistance given by the Bhattis. — Abduction of the Asāni Girls. — CHAPTER 8 — Ajīt Singh produced to the Rāthors, A.D. 1686. — Ajīt Singh installed. — War with the Mughals. — Aurangzeb negotiates about Akbar’s Daughter. — Ajīt Singh marries a Princess of Mewar. — Death of Aurangzeb, March 3, 1707. — Campaign of Bahādur Shāh. — Death of Prince Kāmbakhsh. — Eulogy of Durgadās. — CHAPTER 9 — Ajīt Singh attacks Nāhan. — Ajit Singh marries his Daughter to Farrukhsīyar, A.D. 1716. — Ajīt Singh, Viceroy of Gujarāt, A.D. 1715-16. — Ajīt Singh visits Delhi. — The Revolution at Delhi. — Muhammad Shah, Emperor, A.D. 1719-48. — Ajīt Singh marries his Daughter to Jai Singh. — The Assassination of the Sayyids. Ajīt Singh asserts his Independence. — Imperialist Attack on Ajmer. — Muhammad Shah attacks Ajīt Singh. — Ajīt Singh’s Heir received at the Imperial Court. — The Murder of Ajīt Singh, A.D. 1724. — The Sati. — Character of Ajīt Singh. — His Conduct to Durgadās. — CHAPTER 10 — Mahārāja Abhai Singh, A.D. 1724-50. — Karan, the Bard. — Abhai Singh summoned to Delhi, A.D. 1726. — Rebellion of Sarbuland Khan. Scene at the Imperial Court. — Abhai Singh starts for Gujarat, A.D. 1730. — Abhai Singh attacks Sirohi. — Submission of Sirohi to Abhai Singh. — The Battle with Sarbuland. — CHAPTER 11 — Jealousy of Abhai Singh to Bakht Singh. — Abhai Singh attacks Bīkaner. — Bakht Singh intrigues to cause War with Jaipur. — Battle of Gangwāna. — Marriage of a God. — Death and Character of Abhai Singh. — Invasion of Nādir Shāh. — CHAPTER 12 — Rāja Rām Singh, A.D. 1750-52. — Civil War between Rām Singh and Bakht Singh. — Accession of Bakht Singh, A.D. 1752-53. — Intervention of Mahādaji Sindhia. — Bakht Singh Poisoned. — Repression of Islām. — Rājput Morals compared with those of Europe in the Middle Ages. — The Curse of a Sati. — CHAPTER 13 — Rāja Bijai Singh, A.D. 1753-93. — Rām Singh invites Marātha Aid. — The Battle of Merta. — Treachery of Sardār Singh of Kishangarh. — Results of Rāthor Defeat. — Death of Rām Singh. — The Character of Rāja Rām Singh. — Power of the Aristocracy of Mārwār. — The Pokaran Fief. — Mercenaries enrolled. — Gordhan Singh negotiates with the Chiefs. — Massacre of the Chiefs. — Right of Primogeniture. — Suppression of Aristocratic Influence. — Rājput Confederation against the Marāthas. Battle of Tonga A.D. 1787. Battles of Pātan and Merta, 20th June, 10th, 12th September 1790. — Ajmer lost to Mārwār. — Influence of Court Morals. — Influence of his Concubine on Bijai Singh. — Rebellion of the Clansmen against Bijai Sīngh. — Death of Rāja Bijai Singh. — CHAPTER 14 — Rāja Bhīm Singh, A.D. 1793-1803. — Rāja Bhīm disposes of his Rivals. — Escape of Mān Singh. — Siege of Jālor. Death of Rāja Bhīm Singh. — Rāja Mān Singh, A.D. 1803-43. — Dangers from Posthumous Births. — Sawāi Singh supports Dhonkal Singh. — Krishna Kunwāri. — Attack by Rāja Jagat Singh of Jaipur on Mārwār. Treachery of Jaswant Rāo Holkar. — Rāja Mān Singh defends Jodhpur. — The Siege of Jodhpur. — Amir Khān supports Mān Singh. Defeat of the Jaipur Army A.D. 1806. — The Confederacy against Jodhpur dissolved. — Jodhpur Booty recovered. — CHAPTER 15 — Amīr Khān received at Jodhpur. — Amīr Khān massacres the Chiefs. — Amīr Khān rules Mārwār. — Insanity of Mān Singh. — British Intervention. Restoration of Mān Singh. — Treaty with the British. — The Author appointed Envoy to Jodhpur. — Demoralization at Jodhpur. — Reforms in Mārwār. — Cruelty of Rāja Mān Singh. — Estrangement of the Chiefs. — Retrospect of Mārwār History. — CHAPTER 16 — Extent of Mārwār. — Physical Features, Population. — Classes of Inhabitants. — The Rāthors. — Soil, Agriculture, Products. — Natural Productions. — Manufactures. — Commercial Marts. — Caravans. — Decay of Commerce. The Opium Trade. — Fairs. — Administration of Justice. — Trial by Ordeal. — Panchayats. — Fiscal Revenues. — Methods of Revenue Collection. — Poll Tax. — Cattle Tax. — Door Tax. — Sāīr. — Banjāras: Salt Trade. — Military Forces.
5. 5.BOOK VI ANNALS OF BĪKANER — CHAPTER 1 — Rāo Bīka, A.D. 1465-1504. — The Conquest of the Jats. — Bīda conquers the Mohil Clan. — Former Owners conferring Titles on their Successors. — Conquest of the Johya Tribe. — Foundation of Bīkaner, A.D. 1455-88. — Death of Bīka. Nūnkaran or Lūnkaran, A.D. 1504-26. — Jeth Singh, A.D. 1526-41. — Kalyān Singh, A.D. 1541-71. — Rāē Singh, A.D. 1571-1611. Bīkaner subject to the Mughals. Akbar’s Marriage. — Subjugation of the Johyas. — Traditions of Greek Settlements. — Rāē Singh in Akbar’s Service. — Karan Singh, A.D. 1631-69. — Anūp Singh, A.D. 1669-98. — Sarūp Singh, A.D. 1698-1700. — Sujān Singh, A.D. 1700-1735. — Zorāwar Singh, A.D. 1735-45. — Gaj Singh, A.D. 1745-88. — Rāj Singh, A.D. 1788. — Partāp Singh, A.D. 1788. Usurpation of Sūrat Singh. — Sūrat Singh, A.D. 1788-1828. — Attack on Bahāwalpur. — Bhatti Invasion of Bīkaner. — Attack on Jodhpur. — Bīdāvati. — CHAPTER 2 — Geography of Bīkaner. — Extent, Population, Soil, Tibas or Sandhills. — Population. — Jats. — Charans. — Rājputs. — Face of the Country. — Products of the Desert. — Trees. — Physiography of the Country. — Mineral Productions. — Animal Productions. — Commerce and Manufactures. — Woollens. — Manufactures in Iron. — Fairs. — Government Revenues. — Khālisa Lands. — Hearth-Tax. — Poll-Tax. — Paseti. — Malba. — Datoi. — Dand, Khushhali. — Feudal Levies. — CHAPTER 3 — Bhatner. — The Bhatti Migration. — Ancient Cities.
6. 6.BOOK VII ANNALS OF JAISALMER — CHAPTER 1 — Limits of Jaisalmer. — The Bhatti Tribe. — Early Legends. — Sālivāhana. — Bāland. — Bhatti. — Mangal. — Kehar Rāo. — Kehar Rāo. — Recapitulation of Bhatti History. — Ancient Sites in Jaisalmer. — CHAPTER 2 — Question of Dates. — Rāo Kehar I. — Rāo Tano or Tanuji. — Bijairāē. — Rāo Deorāj. — The Langāha Tribe. — Rāwal Bachera or Wachuji. — Rāwal Dusaj. — The Foundation of Jaisalmer, c. A.D. 1156. — CHAPTER 3 — Retrospect of Bhatti History. — Rāwal Sālivāhan I. — Embassy from Badarināth. — Rāwal Kailan, c. A.D. 1200-19. — Rāwal Chāchakdeo I., c. A.D. 1219-41. — Rāwal Karan Singh I., A.D. 1241-71. — Rāwal Lākhansen, A.D. 1271-75. — Rāwal Pūnpāl, A.D. 1275-76. — Rāwal Jeth Singh I., A.D. 1276-94. — Alāu-d-din attacks Jaisalmer. — Rāwal Mūlrāj III., A.D. 1294-95. — The Sati: Johar. — CHAPTER 4 — Rāthor Settlement at Jaisalmer. Dūda Rāwal, A.D. 1295-1306. — Gharsi Rāwal, A.D. 1306-35. Jaisalmer restored. — The Adoption of Kehar. Rāwal Gharsi assassinated. — Lachhman Rāwal, c. A.D. 1402. — Chāchakdeo Rāwal, c. A.D. 1448. — War with the Khokhars. — Heroic Death of Rāwal Chachakdeo. — Rāwal Bersi, c. A.D. 1436-40. — CHAPTER 5 — Jaisalmer a Mughal Fief. — Rāwal Sabal Singh, A.D. 1651-61. — Pokaran lost to Jaisalmer. — Rāwal Amār Singh, A.D. 1661-1702. — Rāwal Jaswant Singh, A.D. 1702-22. — Rāwal Akhai Singh, A.D. 1722-62. — Rāwal Mūlrāj, A.D. 1762-1820. Conspiracy against Mūlrāj. — Sālim Singh, Prime Minister. — Death of Rāe Singh. — Long Reigns of Rājput Princes. — CHAPTER 6 — Treaty with the British. — Maharāwal Gaj Singh, A.D. 1820-46. — The Treaty of Alliance. — The Strategical Importance of Jaisalmer. — Effect of the Treaty on the Policy of Sālim Singh. — Misgovernment of Sālim Singh. — A Border Feud. — The Maldot Tribe. — CHAPTER 7 — Face of the Country. — Soil, Husbandry, and Products. — Implements of Husbandry. — Manufactures. — Commerce. — Revenues and Taxes. — Land-tax. — Dhuan. — Dand. — Establishments, Expenditure. — Tribes. — Dress. — Use of Opium. — Pāliwāls. — Pokharna Brāhmans. — Jats or Jāts. — Castle of Jaisalmer.

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