Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, vol. 1 of 3

About this eBook

Author

Tod, James, 1782-1835

Title

Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 1 of 3 or the Central and Western Rajput States of India

Credits

Produced by KD Weeks, Emmanuel Ackerman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

DS: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere: Asia

Subject

Rajasthan (India) -- History

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 57374

Release Date

July 4, 2018

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.ANNALS AND ANTIQUITIES OF RAJASTHAN
2. 2.PREFACE
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.ILLUSTRATIONS
5. 5.INTRODUCTION — PEDIGREE OF THE TOD FAMILY
6. 6.BIBLIOGRAPHY
7. 7.AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF THE ORIGINAL EDITION
8. 8.AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE ORIGINAL EDITION — BOOK I — GEOGRAPHY OF RAJASTHAN OR RAJPUTANA — Boundaries of Rajputana. — The States of Rājputāna. — History of Geographical Surveys. — The Author’s Surveys. — Survey Parties. — The Author’s Map. — Physiography of Rājputāna. — The Aravalli Range. — Views from the Aravalli Hills. — Geology of the Aravallis. — The Patār Plateau. — The Mountain System of Central India. — The Chambal River. — The Western Desert. — The Luni River. — The Mirage. — The Desert.
9. 9.BOOK II HISTORY OF THE RĀJPUT TRIBES — CHAPTER 1 — The Purānas. — Deluge Legend. — Meru, Sumeru. — CHAPTER 2 — Puranic Genealogies. — Neglect of History by the Hindus. — The Priestly Office. — Relations of Rajputs with Brahmans. — Dates of the Genealogies. — The Herakles Legend. — CHAPTER 3 — Princes of the Solar Line. — Solar and Lunar Genealogies. — Harischandra. — Sagara. — Ambarisha. — Krishna. — CHAPTER 4 — Ayodhya. — Mithila. — Other Kingdoms. — Dwarka. — Surpur. — Hastinapura. — Kanauj. — Kalanjar. — Kerala. — Pandya. — Chaul. — Anga. — Recapitulation. — CHAPTER 5 — The Suryavansa or Solar Line. — Chandravansa or the Lunar Line. — The Pandava Family. — The Asvamedha. — Jarasandha. — Chandragupta Maurya. — Sunga, Kanva Dynasties. — Recapitulation. — CHAPTER 6 — Rajputs and Mongols. — Mongol Origin. — Mongol and Hindu Traditions. — Scythian Traditions. — The Scythian Descent of the Rajputs. — Jāts and Getae. — The Aswa. — The Asvamedha. — Personal Habits, Dress. — Theogony. — Religious Rites. — Customs of War. — Rajput Religion. — Bards. — War Chariots. — Position of Women. — Gaming. — Omens, Auguries. — Love of Strong Drink. — Funeral Ceremonies. — Sati. — Cairns, Pillars. — Worship of Arms. The Sword. — Initiation to Arms. — Asvamedha, the Horse Sacrifice. — The Asvamedha Ceremonies. — Sacred Trees. — CHAPTER 7 — Solar and Lunar Races. — Grahilot or Guhilot. — Yadu, Yādava. — Tuar, Tonwar, Tomara. — Rāthor. — Kachhwāha. — Agnikulas, Pramāra. — Chahuman or Chauhan. — The Agnikunda Fire-pit. — Chalukya or Solanki. — Bāghels. — Pratihāra or Parihāra. — Chāwara or Chaura. — Tāk or Takshak. — Jat, Jāt. — Hun or Hūn. — Kāthi. — Bāla. — Jhāla Makwāna. — Jethwa, Jaithwa, Kamāri. — Sarwaiya or Sariaspa. — Silār or Salār. — Dabhi. — Gaur. — Dor or Doda. — Gaharwār. — Chandel. — Bargūjar. — Sengar. — Sakarwāl. — Bais. — Dahia. — Joiya, Johya. — Mohil. — Nikumbha. — Rājpāli. — Dahariya. — Dahima. — CHAPTER 8 — Distinctions between the Rājput States. — Alliances with the British.
10. 10.BOOK III SKETCH OF A FEUDAL SYSTEM IN RĀJASTHĀN — CHAPTER 1 — Feudalism in Rājasthān. — The Tribal System. — Influence of Muhammadans and Mahrattas. — Origin of Feuds. — Evidence from Mewar. — Evidence from Inscriptions. — Books of Grants. — Noble Origin of the Rājput Race. — The Rāthors of Mārwār. — The Kachhwāhas of Amber. — The Sesodias of Mewār. — Pride of Ancestry. — Armorial Bearings. — The Tribal Palladium. — Banners. — Influence of Caste. — Estates of Chief and Fiscal Land. — Revenues and Rights of the Crown. — Mines and Minerals. — Barār. — Khar-Lakar. — CHAPTER 2 — Legislative Authority. — Panchāyats. — Rozīna. — Military Service. — Knight’s Fee or Single Horsemen. — Limitations of Service. — Escuage or Scutage. — Inefficiency of this Form of Government. — Rivalry of the Chondāwat and Saktāwat Sub-clans. — Akbar’s Policy towards the Rājputs. — Alliances between Moguls and Rājputs. — Rājputs in the Imperial Service. — Results of Feudalism. — Employment of Mercenaries. — General Duties of the Pattāwat, or Vassal Chief of Rājasthān. — Obligations of a Vassal. — CHAPTER 3 — Feudal Incidents. — Relief. — Fine paid on Succession. — Renunciation of Reliefs. — Fine of Alienation. — Tenants of the Crown may Alienate. — Escheats and Forfeitures. — Aids. — Wardship. — Marriage. — Duration of Grants. — Classes of Landholders. — Girāsia. — Whether Resumable. — Nobility: Introduction of Foreign Stocks. — Kāla Pattas. — Exogamy. — Bhūmia, the Allodial Proprietor. — Feudal Militia. — Rajas of Banera and Shāhpura. — Form and Substance of Grant. — Division of Pattas, or Sub-infeudation. — Provision for Chief’s Relations. — Charsa. — Brotherhood. — CHAPTER 4 — Rakhwāli. — Basāi, Slavery. — Slavery due to Gambling. — Private Feuds—Composition. — Amargarh-Shāhpura Feud. — Rajput Pardhans or Premiers. — The Chief of Pokaran. — Premiers in Kotah and Jaisalmer. — CHAPTER 5 — Adoption. — The Case of Deogarh. — Reflections. — Rajput Loyalty and Patriotism. — Gallant Services to the Empire. — APPENDIX — No. I — No. II — No. III — No. IV — No. V — No. VI — No. VII — No. VIII — No. IX — No. X — No. XI — No. XII — No. XIII — No. XIV — No. XV — No. XVI — No. XVII — No. XVIII — No. XIX — No. XX
11. 11.BOOK IV ANNALS OF MEWĀR — CHAPTER 1 — Titles of Mewār Chiefs: descent from the Sun. — Stability of Mewār State. — Origin of the Rājputs. — Sources of the History. — Kanaksen. — Titles of the Chiefs. — Legend of Kanaksen. — Invaders of Saurāshtra. — The Fountain of the Sun. — CHAPTER 2 — The Refugee Queen. — The Legend of Goha. — The Marriage of Bappa. — Oghna Panarwa. — The Question of Dates. — CHAPTER 3 — Connexion of the Rānas with Persia. — CHAPTER 4 — Samarsi, Samar Singh. — Khumān I. — The Muhammadan Invasion, A.D. 644-55. — Mahmūd’s Invasion. — Attack on Chitor. — The Muster of the Clans. — The Defeat of the Enemy. — Khumān II. — Bhartribhat III. — CHAPTER 5 — Samar Singh, Samarsi: The Tuars of Delhi. — Prithiraj. — The Death of Samar Singh. — Gallant Resistance of the Rājputs. — Karan Singh I.: Ratan Singh. — Rāhup. — CHAPTER 6 — Lakhamsi: Lachhman Singh. — Bhīm Singh: Padmini. — The Siege of Chitor. — The Johar. — The Conquests of Alāu-d-dīn. — The Flight of Rāna Ajai Singh. — Mewār occupied by the Musalmāns: The Exploit of Hamīr. — Rāna Hamīr Singh, A.D. 1301-64. — The Inaugural Foray. — Chitor under a Musalmān Garrison. — Resistance of Hamīr Singh. — The Recovery of Chitor. — The Power of Rāna Hamīr Singh. — Public Works. — Kshetra or Khet Singh, A.D. 1364-82. — Laksh Singh, A.D. 1382-97. — CHAPTER 7 — Chonda renounces his Birthright. — Rāna Mokala, A.D. 1397-1433. — Rāthor Influence in Mewār. — Raghudeva, the Mewār Hero. — The Expulsion of the Rāthor Party. — Death of Rāo Ranmall. — The Revenge of Chonda. — Harbuji Sānkhla. — Mokal, A.D. 1397-1433. — Lāl Bāi. — Assassination of Rāna Mokal. — Rāna Kūmbha, A.D. 1433-68. — Suja and the Tiger. — CHAPTER 8 — Rāna Kūmbha, A.D. 1433-68. — The Tower of Victory. — The Fortresses of Mewār. — Temples. — Mīra Bāi. — The Assassination of Rāna Kūmbha, A.D. 1468. — Rāna Uda, A.D. 1468-73. — Banishment of the Chārans. — Rāna Rāemall, A.D. 1473-1508. — The Sons of Rāna Rāemall. — Retirement of Sanga. — The Adventures of Prithirāj. — Prithirāj recalled. — Interview between Prithirāj and Sūrajmall. — Prithirāj poisoned: Death of Rāna Rāemall. — CHAPTER 9 — The Administration and Wars of Rāna Sanga. — Invasions from Central Asia. — Character of Bābur. — The Battle of Khānua, March 16, 1527. — The Death of Rāna Sanga. — Evils resulting from Polygamy. — Appearance of Rāna Sanga. — Rāna Ratan Singh II., A.D. 1527-31. — Death of Rāna Ratan Singh. — Rāna Bikramajīt, A.D. 1531-35. — The Attack by Bahādur, Sultān of Gujarāt. — Crowning of a New Rāna. — The Johar. — The Rākhi. — Restoration of Bikramajīt. — Death of Rāna Bikramajīt. — CHAPTER 10 — Rāna Banbīr Singh, A.D. 1535-37. — The Escape of Udai Singh, the Heir. — The Boyhood of Udai Singh. — Installation of Rāna Udai Singh, A.D. 1537-72. — The Dauna, a Recognition of Legitimacy. — Deposition of Rāna Banbīr Singh. — Rāna Udai Singh, A.D. 1537-72. — His Character. — Birth of Akbar. — Defeat and Flight of Humāyūn, A.D. 1540. — Early Years of Akbar. — Akbar’s Struggle for the Empire. — Comparison of Akbar with Rāna Udai Singh. — Akbar besieges Chitor, September, A.D. 1567. — Jaimall and Patta. — The Sin of the Capture of Chitor. — Escape of Rāna Udai Singh: Foundation of Udaipur. — Death of Rāna Udai Singh. — Jagmall proclaimed Rāna. — Jagmall deposed in favour of Rāna Partāp Singh. — CHAPTER 11 — Rāna Partāp Singh, A.D. 1572-97. — Rāna Partāp Singh resists the Moguls. — The Vow of Rāna Partāp Singh. — Akbar attacks Rāna Partāp Singh, A.D. 1576. — Rāna Partāp Singh deserted by Rājput Princes. — Rāja Mān Singh and Rāna Partāp Singh. — Salīm’s Campaign, A.D. 1576. — Battle of Haldīghāt or Gogūnda, June 18, 1576. — The Escape of Rāna Partāp Singh. — Siege of Kumbhalmer. — Further Imperialist Advance. — Submission of Rāna Partāp Singh. — Rally of Rāna Partāp Singh. — The Nauroza. — Akbar and Rajput Ladies. — Adventures of Rāna Partāp Singh. — Mewār left in Peace by the Imperialists. — The Last Days of Rāna Partāp. — CHAPTER 12 — Rāna Amar Singh I., A.D. 1597-1620. — The Administration of Rāna Amar Singh. — Jahāngīr attacks Mewār. — Chief of Salūmbar intervenes. — Defeat of the Imperialists. — Jahāngīr establishes Sagra as Rāna. — Conquests of Rāna Amar Singh I. — Sakta and the Saktāwats. — Renewed Attack by Jahāngīr. Battle of Khāmnor. — Treatment of the Rāna by Jahāngīr. — Character of Rāna Amar Singh. — CHAPTER 13 — Rāna Karan Singh II., A.D. 1620-28. — Terms between Rāna Karan Singh and Jahāngīr. — Sesodias in the Imperial Service. — Revolt and Death of Bhīm Singh. — Death of Rāna Karan Singh. — Rāna Jagat Singh I., A.D. 1628-52. — Erection of Buildings at Udaipur. — Rāna Rāj Singh, A.D. 1652-80. — Princes contemporary with Aurangzeb. — Rāna Rāj Singh defies Aurangzeb. — The Imposition of the Jizya or Capitation Tax. — Letter of Remonstrance to Aurangzeb. — Aurangzeb attacks Mewār. — The Advance of Prince Akbar. — Diversion made by the Rājputs. — Plan to dethrone Aurangzeb. — Overtures for Peace. — Cruel Treatment of Rāja of Golkonda. — The Rājsamund Lake. — The Famine of A.D. 1662. — CHAPTER 14 — Rāna Jai Singh, A.D. 1680-98. — Treaty between Rāna Jai Singh and Aurangzeb. — The Jaisamund Lake. — Rana Jai Singh and his heir Amar Singh. — Rebellion of Amar Singh. — Rāna Amar Singh II., A.D. 1698-1710. — Breach between the Rājputs and the Mughal Empire. — Rājput Apostates. — Shāh Alam Bahādur Shāh, Emperor, A.D. 1707-12. — The Rise of the Sikhs. — Sacrifice of the Right of Primogeniture. — Farrukhsīyar, Emperor, A.D. 1712-19. — Marriage of Farrukhsīyar: Grant to the British. — The Jizya Reimposed. — Rāna Amar Singh asserts Rājput Independence. — Death of Rāna Amar Singh. — CHAPTER 15 — Rāna Sangrām Singh II., A.D. 1710-34. — Deposition of Farrukhsīyar: Nizāmu-l-mulk. — Murder of Farrukhsīyar, May 16, 1719. — Accession of Rafiu-d-darajāt. — Accession of Roshan-Akhtar Muhammad Shah, A.D. 1719-48. — The Policy of Mewār. — Anecdotes of Rāna Sangrām Singh II. — Rāna Jagat Singh II., A.D. 1734-51. Difficulties of Rājput Combination. — League of Nizamu-l-mulk with Rājputs and Marāthas. — Marātha Raids. The Campaign of Nādir Shāh. — Plunder and Massacre at Delhi. — Results to the Rājputs. — The Coming of the Marāthas. — The Rājput Coalition. — Bājirāo visits Mewār. Negotiations with the Marāthas. — Right of Primogeniture. — Death of Rāna Jagat Singh II., A.D. 1751. — CHAPTER 16 — Rāna Partāp Singh II., A.D. 1751-54. — Rāna Rāj Singh II., A.D. 1754-61. — Rāna Arsi Arsi Singh II., A.D. 1761-73. — Malhār Rāo Holkar invades Mewār. Famine, A.D. 1764. — Civil War in Mewār. Revolt of Ratan Singh. — Zālim Singh of Kotah. — Battle at the Sipra, and Siege of Udaipur, A.D. 1769. — Amar Chand, Minister of Mewār. — Cessions made to Sindhia. — Ratan Singh defeated. — Assassination of Rāna Ari Singh, A.D. 1773. — Rāna Hamīr Singh II., A.D. 1773-78. — Outbreak of the Sindis. — Revolt of the Chief of Begūn. — Recapitulation. — CHAPTER 17 — Rāna Bhīm Singh, A.D. 1778-1828. — Feud of Chondāwats and Saktāwats. — Battle of Lālsot, May 1787. — Defeat of the Rājputs. Murder of Somji. — Aid sought from Sindhia. — Negotiations by Zālim Singh. — Zālim Singh and Sindhia at Udaipur. — Sindhia’s Instructions to Ambaji. — Anarchy in Mewār. — Death of Mahādaji Sindhia, January 12, 1794. — Contest of Ambaji and Lakwa. — George Thomas. — Pillage in Mewār. — Daulat Rāo Sindhia reduces Mewār. — Lakwa Dāda Marātha Viceroy. — Holkar defeated at Indore. Plunder of Nāthdwāra: image removed. — The Inroad of Holkar. — Mewār Quarrels. — Holkar plunders Udaipur. — Sindhia and Holkar in Mewār. — Holkar saves Mewār from Sindhia. — Holkar protects Mewār Interests. — The Tragedy of Krishna Kunwāri. — Battle of Parbatsar. Defeat of the Mārwār Forces. — Nawāb Amīr Khān. — The Tragedy of Krishna Kunwāri. — Fate of the Murderers. — Amīr Khan rewarded by the British. — Ruin of Mewār by the Marāthas. — Bāpu Sindhia Sūbahdār of Mewār. — CHAPTER 18 — Degraded Condition of the Rājputs. — Alliances with the British. — Treaty with Mewār. — Cession of Kumbhalmer. — Arrival of the Author as Agent. — The Palace at Udaipur. — Political Divisions of Mewār. — Desolation of Mewār. — The Condition of Udaipur. — Reorganization of the State. — Form of Civil Government. — Incapacity of the Rāna. — Relations of the Rāna with his Nobles. — Return of the Exiles. — Attraction of Capital. — Trade at Bhīlwāra. — Reform of the Nobility. — Negotiations with the Chiefs. — Enforcement of the Treaty. — The Case of Arja. — Badnor and Amet. — Hamīra of Badesar. — The Case of Āmli. — The Landed System. — The Bhūmia. — Occupiers’ Rights in the Land. — Proprietary Rights in Land. — Village Officials: the Patel. — Modes of Collecting Rents. — Improvement in the Condition of the People. — Mines and Minerals. — The Feudal Lands.

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