Wild Flowers Worth Knowing

About this eBook

Author

Blanchan, Neltje, 1865-1918

Credits

Produced by Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders, HTML by Robert Tonsing

Language

English

LoC Class

QK: Science: Botany

Subject

Wild flowers -- North America

Category

Text

eBook-No.

8866

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8866

Release Date

September 1, 2005

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.WILD FLOWERS WORTH KNOWING
2. 2.PREFACE
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
5. 5.WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY ( Alismaceae ) — Broad-leaved Arrow-head Sagittaria latifolia (S. variabilis )
6. 6.ARUM FAMILY ( Araceae ) — Jack-in-the-Pulpit; Indian Turnip Arisaema triphyllum — Skunk or Swamp Cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus
7. 7.SPIDERWORT FAMILY ( Commelinaceae ) — Virginia, or Common Day-flower Commelina virginica
8. 8.PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY ( Pontederiaceae ) — Pickerel Weed Pontederia cordata
9. 9.LILY FAMILY ( Liliaceae ) — American White Hellebore; Indian Poke; Itch-weed Veratrum viride 0 — Wild Yellow, Meadow, or Field Lily; Canada Lily Lilium canadense — Red, Wood, Flame, or Philadelphia Lily Lilium philadelphicum — Yellow Adder’s Tongue; Trout Lily; Dog-tooth “Violet” Erythronium americanum — Yellow Clintonia Clintonia borealis — Wild Spikenard; False Solomon’s Seal; Solomon’s Zig-zag Smilacina racemosa — Hairy, or True, or Twin-flowered Solomon’s Seal Polygonatum biflorum — Early or Dwarf Wake-Robin Trillium nivale — Purple Trillium, Ill-scented Wake-Robin, or Birth-root Trillium erectum — Carrion-flower Smilax herbacea
10. 10.AMARYLLIS FAMILY ( Amaryllidaceae ) — Yellow Star-grass Hypoxis hirsuta (H. erecta )
11. 11.IRIS FAMILY ( Iridaceae ) — Larger Blue Flag; Blue Iris; Fleur-de-lis; Flower-de-luce Iris versicolor — Blackberry Lily Belamcanda chinensis ( Pardanthus chinensis ) — Pointed Blue-eyed Grass; Eye-bright; Blue Star Sisyrinchium angustifolium
12. 12.ORCHIS FAMILY ( Orchidaceae ) — Large Yellow Lady’s Slipper; Whippoorwill’s Shoe; Yellow Moccasin Flower Cypripedium pubescens (C. hirsutum ) — Moccasin Flower; Pink, Venus’, or Stemless Lady’s Slipper Cypripedium acaule — Showy, Gay, or Spring Orchis Orchis spectabilis — Large, or Early, Purple-fringed Orchis Habenaria fimbriata (H. grandiflora ) — White-fringed Orchis Habenaria blephariglottis — Yellow-fringed Orchis Habenaria ciliaris — Calopogon; Grass Pink Calopogon pulchellus (Limodorum tuberosum ) — Arethusa; Indian Pink Arethusa bulbosa — Nodding Ladies’ Tresses or Traces Spiranthes cernua
13. 13.BUCKWHEAT FAMILY ( Polygonaceae ) — Common Persicaria, Pink Knotweed, or Jointweed; Smartweed Polygonum pennsylvanicum
14. 14.POKEWEED FAMILY ( Phytolaccaceae ) — Pokeweed; Scoke; Pigeon-berry; Ink-berry; Garget Phytolacca decandra
15. 15.PINK FAMILY ( Caryophyllaceae ) — Common Chickweed Stellaria media (Alsine media ) — Corn Cockle; Corn Rose; Corn or Red Campion; Crown-of-the-Field Agrostemma Githago — Starry Campion Silene stellata — Wild Pink or Catchfly Silene pennsylvanica (S. caroliniana ) — Soapwort; Bouncing Bet; Hedge Pink; Bruisewort; Old Maid’s Pink; Fuller’s Herb Saponaria officinalis
16. 16.PURSLANE FAMILY ( Portulacaceae ) — Spring Beauty; Claytonia Claytonia virginica
17. 17.WATER-LILY FAMILY ( Nymphaeaceae ) — Large Yellow Pond, or Water, Lily; Cow Lily; Spatterdock Nymphaea advena (Nuphar advena ) — Sweet-scented White Water-lily; Pond Lily; Water Nymph; Water Cabbage Castalia odorata (Nymphaea odorata )
18. 18.CROWFOOT FAMILY ( Ranunculaceae ) — Common Meadow Buttercup; Tall Crowfoot; Kingcups; Cuckoo Flower; Goldcups; Butter-flowers; Blister-flowers Ranunculus acris — Tall Meadow-rue Thalictrum polygamum (T. Cornuti ) — Liver-leaf; Hepatica; Liverwort; Round-lobed, or Kidney Liver-leaf; Noble Liverwort; Squirrel Cup Hepatica triloba (H. Hepatica ) — Wood Anemone; Wind-flower Anemone quinquefolia — Virgin’s Bower; Virginia Clematis; Traveller’s Joy; Old Man’s Beard Clematis virginiana — Marsh Marigold; Meadow-gowan; American Cowslip Caltha palustris — Gold-thread; Canker-root Coptis trifolia — Wild Columbine Aquilegia canadensis — Black Cohosh; Black Snakeroot; Tall Bugbane Cimicifuga racemosa — White Baneberry; Cohosh Actaea alba
19. 19.BARBERRY FAMILY ( Berberidaceae ) — May Apple; Hog Apple; Mandrake; Wild Lemon Podophyllum peltatum — Barberry; Pepperidge-bush Berberis vulgaris
20. 20.POPPY FAMILY ( Papaveraceae ) — Bloodroot; Indian Paint; Red Puccoon Sanguinaria canadensis — Greater Celandine; Swallow-wort Chelidonium majus
21. 21.FUMITORY FAMILY ( Fumariaceae ) — Dutchman’s Breeches; White Hearts; Soldier’s Cap; Ear-drops Dicentra Cucullaria — Squirrel Corn Dicentra canadensis
22. 22.MUSTARD FAMILY ( Cruciferae ) — Shepherd’s Purse; Mother’s Heart Capsella Bursa-pastoris — Black Mustard Brassica nigra
23. 23.PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY ( Sarracenaceae ) — Pitcher-plant; Side-saddle Flower; Huntsman’s Cup; Indian Dipper Sarracenea purpurea
24. 24.SUNDEW FAMILY ( Droseraceae ) — Round-leaved Sundew; Dew-plant Drosera rotundifolia
25. 25.SAXIFRAGE FAMILY ( Saxifragaceae ) — Early Saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis — Foam-flower; False Miterwort; Cool wort; Nancy-over-the-Ground Tiarella cordifolia — Grass of Parnassus Parnassia caroliniana
26. 26.WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY ( Hamamelidaceae ) — Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana
27. 27.ROSE FAMILY ( Rosaceae ) — Hardhack; Steeple Bush Spiraea tomentosa — Meadow-sweet; Quaker Lady; Queen-of-the-Meadow Spiraea salicifolia — Common Hawthorn; White Thorn; Scarlet-fruited Thorn; Red Haw; Mayflower Crataegus coccinea — Five-finger; Common Cinquefoil Potentilla canadensis — High Bush Blackberry; Bramble Rubus villosus — Purple-flowering or Virginia Raspberry Rubus odoratus — Wild Roses Rosa
28. 28.PULSE FAMILY ( Leguminosae ) — Wild or American Senna Cassia marylandica — Wild Indigo; Yellow or Indigo Broom; Horsefly Weed Baptisia tinctoria — Wild Lupine; Old Maid’s Bonnets; Wild Pea; Sun Dial Lupinus perennis — Common Red, Purple, Meadow, or Honeysuckle Clover Trifolium pratense — White Sweet Clover; Bokhara or Tree Clover; White Melilot; Honey Lotus Melilotus alba — Blue, Tufted, or Cow Vetch or Tare; Cat Peas; Tinegrass Vicia Cracca — Ground-nut Apios tuberosa (A. Apios ) — Wild or Hog Peanut Amphicarpa monoica (Falcata comosa )
29. 29.WOOD-SORREL FAMILY ( Oxalidaceae ) — White or True Wood-sorrel; Alleluia Oxalis acetosella — Violet Wood-sorrel Oxalis violacea
30. 30.GERANIUM FAMILY ( Geraniaceae ) — Wild or Spotted Geranium or Crane’s-Bill; Alum-root Geranium maculatum — Herb Robert; Red Robin; Red Shanks; Dragon’s Blood Geranium Robertianum
31. 31.MILKWORT FAMILY ( Polygalaceae ) — Fringed Milkwort or Polygala; Flowering Wintergreen; Gay Wings Polygala paucifolia — Common, Field, or Purple Milkwort; Purple Polygala Polygala sanguinea (P. viridescens )
32. 32.TOUCH-ME-NOT FAMILY ( Balsaminaceae ) — Jewel-weed; Spotted Touch-me-not; Silver Cap; Wild Balsam; Lady’s Eardrops; Snap Weed; Wild Lady’s Slipper Impatiens biflora (I. fulva )
33. 33.BUCKTHORN FAMILY ( Rhamnaceae ) — New Jersey Tea; Wild Snowball; Red-root Ceanothus americanus
34. 34.MALLOW FAMILY ( Malvaceae ) — Swamp Rose-mallow; Mallow Rose Hibiscus Moscheutos
35. 35.ST. JOHN’S-WORT FAMILY ( Hypericaceae ) — Common St. John’s-wort Hypericum perforatum
36. 36.ROCKROSE FAMILY ( Cistaceae ) — Long-branched Frost-weed; Frost-flower; Frost-wort; Canadian Rockrose Helianthemum canadense
37. 37.VIOLET FAMILY ( Violaceae ) — Blue and Purple Violets — Yellow Violets — White Violets
38. 38.EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY ( Onagraceae ) — Great or Spiked Willow-herb; Fire-weed Epilobium angustifolium (Chamaenerion angustifolium ) — Evening Primrose; Night Willow-herb Oenothera biennis
39. 39.GINSENG FAMILY ( Araliaceae ) — Spikenard; Indian Root; Spignet Aralia racemosa
40. 40.PARSLEY FAMILY ( Umbelliferae ) — Wild or Field Parsnip; Madnep; Tank Pastinaca sativa — Wild Carrot; Queen Anne’s Lace; Bird’s-nest Daucus Carota
41. 41.DOGWOOD FAMILY ( Cornaceae ) — Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida
42. 42.HEATH FAMILY ( Ericaceae ) — Pipsissewa; Prince’s Pine Chimaphila umbellata — Indian Pipe; Ice-plant; Ghost-flower; Corpse-plant Monotropa uniflora — Pine Sap; False Beech-drops; Yellow Bird’s-nest Monotropa Hypopitis — Wild Honeysuckle; Pink, Purple, or Wild Azalea; Pinxter-flower Rhododendron nudiflorum — American or Great Rhododendron; Great Laurel; Rose Tree, or Bay Rhododendron maximum — Mountain or American Laurel; Calico Bush; Spoonwood; Calmoun; Broad-leaved Kalmia Kalmia latifolia — Trailing Arbutus; Mayflower; Ground Laurel Epigaea repens — Creeping Wintergreen; Checker-berry; Partridge-berry; Mountain Tea; Ground Tea, Deer, Box, or Spice Berry Gaultheria procumbens
43. 43.PRIMROSE FAMILY ( Primulaceae ) — Four-leaved or Whorled Loosestrife; Crosswort Lysimachia quadrifolia — Star-flower; Chickweed Wintergreen; Star Anemone Trientalis americana — Scarlet Pimpernel; Poor Man’s or Shepherd’s Weatherglass; Red Chickweed; Burnet Rose; Shepherd’s Clock Anagallis arvensis — Shooting Star; American Cowslip; Pride of Ohio Dodecatheon Meadia
44. 44.GENTIAN FAMILY ( Gentianaceae ) — Bitter-bloom; Rose Pink; Square-stemmed Sabbatia; Rosy Centaury Sabbatia angularis — Fringed Gentian Gentiana crinita
45. 45.DOGBANE FAMILY ( Apocynaceae ) — Spreading Dogbane; Fly-trap Dogbane; Honey-bloom; Bitter-root Apocynum androsaemifolium
46. 46.MILKWEED FAMILY ( Aselepiadaceae ) — Common Milkweed or Silkweed Asclepias syriaca (A. cornuti ) — Butterfly-weed; Pleurisy-root; Orange-root; Orange Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa
47. 47.CONVOLVULUS FAMILY ( Convolvulaceae ) — Hedge or Great Bindweed; Wild Morning-glory; Rutland Beauty; Bell-bind; Lady’s Nightcap Convolvulus sepium — Gronovius’ or Common Dodder; Strangle-weed; Love Vine; Angel’s Hair Cuscuta Gronovii
48. 48.POLEMONIUM FAMILY ( Polemoniaceae ) — Ground or Moss Pink Phlox subulata
49. 49.BORAGE FAMILY ( Boraginaceae ) — Forget-me-not; Mouse-ear; Scorpion Grass; Snake Grass; Love Me Myosotis scorpioides (M. palustris ) — Viper’s Bugloss; Blue-weed; Viper’s Herb or Grass; Snake-flower; Blue Thistle; Blue Devil Echium vulgare
50. 50.VERVAIN FAMILY ( Verbenaceae ) — Blue Vervain; Wild Hyssop; Simpler’s Joy Verbena hastata
51. 51.MINT FAMILY ( Labiatae ) — Mad-dog Skullcap or Helmet-flower; Mad weed; Hoodwort Scutellaria lateriflora — Self-heal; Heal-all; Blue Curls; Heart-of-the-Earth; Brunella; Carpenter-weed Prunella vulgaris — Motherwort Leonurus Cardiaca — Oswego Tea; Bee Balm; Indian’s Plume; Fragrant Balm; Mountain Mint Monarda didyma — Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa
52. 52.NIGHTSHADE FAMILY ( Solanaceae ) — Nightshade; Blue Bindweed; Felonwort; Bittersweet; Scarlet or Snake Berry; Poison-flower; Woody Nightshade Solanum Dulcamara — Jamestown Weed; Thorn Apple; Stramonium; Jimson Weed; Devil’s Trumpet Datura Stramonium
53. 53.FIGWORT FAMILY ( Scrophulariaceaë ) — Great Mullein; Velvet or Flannel Plant; Mullein Dock; Aaron’s Rod Verbascum Thapsus — Moth Mullein Verbascum Blattaria — Butter-and-eggs; Yellow Toadflax; Eggs-and-bacon; Flaxweed; Brideweed Linaria vulgaris — Blue or Wild Toadflax; Blue Linaria Linaria canadensis — Hairy Beard-tongue Pentstemon hirsutus ( P. pubescens ) — Snake-head; Turtle-head; Balmony; Shellflower; Cod-head Chelone glabra — Monkey-flower Mimulus ringens — Common Speedwell; Fluellin; Paul’s Betony; Groundhele Veronica officinalis — American Brooklime Veronica americana — Culver’s-root; Culver’s Physic Veronica virginica ( Leplandra virginica ) — Downy False Foxglove Gerardia flava (Dasystoma flava ) — Large Purple Gerardia Gerardia purpurea — Scarlet Painted Cup; Indian Paint-brush Castilleja coccinea — Wood Betony; Lousewort; Beefsteak Plant; High Heal-all Pedicularis canadensis
54. 54.BROOM-RAPE FAMILY ( Orobanchaceae ) — Beech-drops Epifagus virginiana
55. 55.MADDER FAMILY ( Rubiaceae ) — Partridge Vine, Twin-berry; Mitchella Vine; Squaw-berry Mitchella repens — Button-bush; Honey-balls; Globe-flower; Button-ball Shrub; River-bush Cephalanthus occidentalis — Bluets; Innocence; Houstonia; Quaker Ladies; Quaker Bonnets; Venus’ Pride Houstonia caerulea
56. 56.BLUEBELL FAMILY ( Campanulaceae ) — Harebell or Hairbell; Blue Bells of Scotland; Lady’s Thimble Campanula rotundifolia — Venus’ Looking-glass; Clasping Bellflower Specularia perfoliata (Legouzia perfoliata )
57. 57.LOBELIA FAMILY ( Lobeliaceae ) — Cardinal Flower; Red Lobelia Lobelia cardinalis — Great Lobelia; Blue Cardinal Flower Lobelia syphilitica
58. 58.COMPOSITE FAMILY ( Compositae ) — Iron-weed; Flat Top Vernonia noveboracensis — Joe-Pye Weed; Trumpet Weed; Purple Thoroughwort; Gravel or Kidney-root; Tall or Purple Boneset Eupatorium purpureum — Boneset; Common Thorough wort; Agueweed; Indian Sage Eupatorium perfoliatum — Golden-rods Solidago — Blue and Purple Asters or Starworts Aster — White Asters or Starworts — Golden Aster Chrysopsis mariana — Daisy Fleabane; Sweet Scabious Erigeron annuus — Robin’s, or Poor Robin’s, or Robert’s Plantain; Blue Spring Daisy; Daisy-leaved Fleabane Erigeron pulchellus — Pearly, or Large-flowered, Everlasting; Immortelle, Silver Leaf; Moonshine; Cottonweed; None-so-pretty Anaphalis margaritacea — Elecampane; Horseheal; Yellow Starwort Inula Helenium — Black-eyed Susan; Yellow or Ox-eye Daisy; Nigger-head; Golden Jerusalem; Purple Cone-flower Rudbeckia hirta — Tall or Giant Sunflower Helianthus giganteus — Sneeze weed; Swamp Sunflower Helenium autumnale — Yarrow; Milfoil; Old Man’s Pepper; Nosebleed Achillea Millefolium — Dog’s or Foetid Camomile: Mayweed; Pig-sty Daisy; Dillweed; Dog-fennel Anthemis Cotula (Maruta Cotula ) — Common Daisy; White-weed; White or Ox-eye Daisy; Marguerite; Love-me, Love-me-not Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum — Tansy; Bitter-buttons Tanacetum vulgare — Common or Plumed Thistle Cirsium — Chicory; Succory; Blue Sailors; Bunk Cichorium Intybus — Common Dandelion; Blowball; Lion’s-tooth; Peasant’s Clock Taraxacum officinale (T. Dens-leonis ) — Tall or Wild Lettuce; Wild Opium; Horse-weed Lactuca canadensis — Orange or Tawny Hawkweed; Golden Mouse-ear Hawkweed; Devil’s Paint-brush Hieracium aurantiacum
59. 59.COLOR KEY — BLUE TO PURPLE FLOWERS — MAGENTA TO PINK — WHITE AND GREENISH — YELLOW AND ORANGE
60. 60.GENERAL INDEX OF NAMES

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