The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume IV

About this eBook

Author

Russell, R. V. (Robert Vane), 1873-1915

Title

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 4

Credits

Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net/ (This file was produced partly from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Million Book Project)

Language

English

LoC Class

DS: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere: Asia

Subject

Madhya Pradesh (India) -- Scheduled tribes

Category

Text

eBook-No.

20668

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20668

Release Date

February 25, 2007

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India
2. 2.Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration In Four Volumes Vol. IV. Macmillan and Co., Limited St. Martin’s Street, London. 1916
3. 3.Articles on Castes and Tribes of the Central Provinces in Alphabetical Order
4. 4.Illustrations in Volume IV
5. 5.Pronunciation
6. 6.Vol. IV
7. 7.Kumhār — List of Paragraphs — 1. Traditions of origin — 2. Caste sub-divisions — 3. Social Customs — 4. The Kumhār as a village menial — 5. Occupation — 6. Breeding pigs for sacrifices — 7. The goddess Demeter — 8. Estimation of the pig in India — 9. The buffalo as a corn-god — 10. The Dasahra festival — 11. The goddess Devi
8. 8.Kunbi — List of Paragraphs — 1. Distribution of the caste and origin of name — 2. Settlement in the Central Provinces — 3. Subcastes — 4. The cultivating status — 5. Exogamus septs — 6. Restrictions on marriage of relatives — 7. Betrothal and marriage — 8. Polygamy and divorce — 9. Widow-marriage — 10. Customs at birth — 11. Sixth and twelfth day ceremonies — 12. Devices for procuring children — 13. Love charms — 14. Disposal of the dead — 15. Mourning — 16. Religion — 17. The Pola festival — 18. Muhammadan tendencies of Berār Kunbis — 19. Villages and houses — 20. Furniture — 21. Food — 22. Clothes and ornaments — 23. The Kunbi as cultivator — 24. Social and moral characteristics
9. 9.Kunjra
10. 10.Kuramwār
11. 11.Kurmi — List of Paragraphs — 1. Numbers and derivation of name — 2. Functional character of the caste — 3. Subcastes — 4. Exogamous groups — 5. Marriage rules. Betrothal — 6. The marriage-shed or pavilion — 7. The marriage-cakes — 8. Customs at the wedding — 9. Walking round the sacred post — 10. Other ceremonies — 11. Polygamy widow-marriage and divorce — 12. Impurity of women — 13. Pregnancy rites — 14. Earth-eating — 15. Customs at birth — 16. Treatment of mother and child — 17. Ceremonies after birth — 18. Suckling children — 19. Beliefs about twins — 20. Disposal of the dead — 21. Funeral rites — 22. Burning the dead — 23. Burial — 24. Return of the soul — 25. Mourning — 26. Shaving, and presents to Brahmans — 27. End of mourning — 28. Anniversaries of the dead — 29. Beliefs in the hereafter — 30. Religion. Village gods — 31. Sowing the Jawaras or Gardens of Adonis — 32. Rites connected with the crops. Customs of cultivation — 33. Agricultural superstitions — 34. Houses — 35. Superstitions about houses — 36. Furniture — 37. Clothes — 38. Women’s clothes — 39. Bathing — 40. Food — 41. Caste-feasts — 42. Hospitality — 43. Social customs. Tattooing — 44. Caste penalties — 45. The cultivating status — 46. Occupation — Appendix — List of Exogamous Clans
12. 12.Lakhera — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice — 2. Social customs — 3. The lac industry — 4. Lac bangles — 5. Red, a lucky colour — 6. Vermilion and spangles — 7. Red dye on the feet — 8. Red threads — 9. Lac toys
13. 13.Lodhi — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin and traditions — 2. Position in the central Provinces — 3. Sub-divisions — 4. Exogamous groups — 5. Marriage customs — 6. The gauna ceremoney. Fertility rites — 7. Widow-marriage and puberty rite — 8. Mourning impurity — 9. Social customs — 10. Greetings and method of address — 11. Sacred thread and social status
14. 14.Lohar — 1. Legends of the caste — 2. Social position of the Lohar — 3. Caste subdivisions — 4. Marriage and other customs — 5. Occupation
15. 15.Lorha
16. 16.Mahār — List of Paragraphs — 1. General Notice. — 2. Length of residence in the Central Provinces — 3. Legend of origin — 4. Sub-castes — 5. Exogamous groups and marriage customs — 6. Funeral rites — 7. Childbirth — 8. Names — 9. Religion — 10. Adoption of foreign religions — 11. Superstitions — 12. Social rules — 13. Social subjection — 14. Their position improving — 15. Occupation
17. 17.Mahli — 1. Origin of the caste — 2. Social customs
18. 18.Majhwār — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin of the tribe — 2. The Mīrzāpur Majhwārs derived from the Gonds — 3. Connection with the Kawars — 4. Exogamy and totemism — 5. Marriage customs. — 6. Birth and funeral rites — 7. Religious dance
19. 19.Māl
20. 20.Mala
21. 21.Māli — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice of the caste, and its social position — 2. Caste legend — 3. Flowers offered to the gods — 4. Custom of wearing garlands — 5. Sub-castes — 6. Marriage — 7. Widow-marriage, divorce and polygamy — 8. Disposal of the dead — 9. Religion — 10. Occupation — 11. Traits and character — 12. Other functions of the Māli — 13. Physical appearance
22. 22.Mallāh
23. 23.Māna
24. 24.Mānbhao — 1. History and nature of the sect — 2. Divisions of the order — 3. Religious observances and customs — 4. Hostility between Mānbhaos and Brāhmans
25. 25.Māng — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin and traditions — 2. Subdivisions — 3. Marriage — 4. Widow marriage — 5. Burial — 6. Occupation — 7. Religion and social status
26. 26.Māng-Garori
27. 27.Manihār
28. 28.Mannewār
29. 29.Marātha — List of Paragraphs — 1. Numerical statistics — 2. Double meaning of the term Marātha — 3. Origin and position of the caste — 4. Exogamous clans — 5. Other subdivisions — 6. Social customs — 7. Religion — 8. Present position of the caste — 9. Nature of the Marātha insurrection — 10. Marātha women in past times — 11. The Marātha horseman — 12. Cavalry in the field — 13. Military administration — 14. Sitting Dharna — 15. The infantry — 16. Character of the Marātha armies
30. 30.Mehtar — List of Paragraphs — 1. Introductory notice — 2. Caste subdivisions — 3. Social organisation — 4. Caste punishments — 5. Admission of outsiders — 6. Marriage customs — 7. Disposal of the dead — 8. Devices for procuring children — 9. Divination of sex — 10. Childbirth — 11. Treatment of the mother — 12. Protecting the lives of children — 13. Infantile diseases — 14. Religion. Vālmīki — 15. Lālbeg — 16. Adoption of foreign religions — 17. Social status — 18. Occupation — 19. Occupation (continued)
31. 31.Meo
32. 32.Mīna — 1. The Mīnas locally termed Deswā — 2. Historical notice of the Mīna tribe — 3. Their robberies — 4. The Deswālis of the Central Provinces
33. 33.Mirāsi
34. 34.Mochi 1 — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice — 2. Legends of origin — 3. Art among the Hindus — 4. Antagonism of Mochis and Chamārs — 5. Exogamous groups — 6. Social customs — 7. Shoes
35. 35.Mowār
36. 36.Murha — 1. Origin of the caste — 2. Marriage customs — 3. Funeral rites — 4. Occupation — 5. Women’s song
37. 37.Nagasia
38. 38.Nāhal — 1. The tribe and its subdivisions — 2. Marriage — 3. Religion — 4. Occupation — 5. Social status
39. 39.Nai — List of Paragraphs — 1. Structure of the caste — 2. Marriage and other customs — 3. Occupation — 4. Other services — 5. Duties at weddings — 6. The barber-surgeon — 7. A barber at the court of Oudh — 8. Character and position of the barber — 9. Beliefs about hair — 10. Hair of kings and priests — 11. The beard — 12. Significance of removal of the hair and shaving the head — 13. Shaving the head by mourners — 14. Hair offerings — 15. Keeping hair unshorn during a vow — 16. Disposal of cut hair and nails — 17. Superstitions about shaving the hair — 18. Reasons why the hair was considered the source of strength
40. 40.Naoda
41. 41.Nat — List of Paragraphs — 1. The Nats not a proper caste — 2. Muhammadan Nats — 3. Social customs of the Nats. Their low status — 4. Acrobatic performances — 5. Sliding or walking on ropes as a charm for the crops — 6. Snake-charmers
42. 42.Nunia
43. 43.Ojha
44. 44.Oraon — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice — 2. Settlement in Chota Nāgpur — 3. Subdivisions — 4. Pre-nuptial licence — 5. Betrothal — 6. Marriage ceremony — 7. Special Customs — 8. Widow-remarriage and divorce — 9. Customs at birth — 10. Naming a child — 11. Branding and tattooing — 12. Dormitory discipline — 13. Disposal of the dead — 14. Worship of ancestors — 15. Religion. The supreme deity — 16. Minor godlings — 17. Human sacrifice — 18. Christianity — 19. Festivals. The Karma or May-day — 20. The sāl flower festival — 21. The harvest festival — 22. Fast for the crops — 23. Physical appearance and costume of the Oraons — 24. Dress of women — 25. Dances — 26. Social customs — 27. Social rules — 28. Character — 29. Language
45. 45.Pāik
46. 46.Panka — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin of the caste — 2. Caste subdivisions — 3. Endogamous divisions — 4. Marriage — 5. Religion — 6. Other customs — 7. Occupation
47. 47.Panwār Rājpūt — List of Paragraphs — 1. Historical notice. The Agnikula clans and the slaughter of the Kshatriyas by Parasurāma — 2. The legend of Parasurāma — 3. The Panwār dynasty of Dhār and Ujjain — 4. Diffusion of the Panwārs over India — 5. The Nāgpur Panwārs — 6. Subdivisions — 7. Marriage customs — 8. Widow-marriage — 9. Religion — 10. Worship of the spirits of those dying a violent death — 11. Funeral rites — 12. Caste discipline — 13. Social customs
48. 48.Pardhān — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice — 2. Tribal Subdivisions — 3. Marriage — 4. Religion — 5. Social Customs — 6. Methods of cheating among Pathāris — 7. Musicians and priests
49. 49.Pārdhi — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice of the caste — 2. Subdivisions — 3. Marriage and funeral customs — 4. Religion — 5. Dress, food and social customs — 6. Ordeals — 7. Methods of catching birds — 8. Hunting with leopards — 9. Decoy stags — 10. Hawks — 11. Crocodile fishing — 12. Other occupations and criminal practices
50. 50.Parja — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice of the tribe — 2. Exogamous septs — 3. Kinship and marriage — 4. Marriage dance — 5. Nuptial ceremony — 6. Widow-marriage and divorce — 7. Religion and festivals — 8. Disposal of the dead — 9. Occupation and social customs
51. 51.Pāsi — List of Paragraphs — 1. The nature and origin of the caste — 2. Brāhmanical legends — 3. Its mixed composition — 4. Marriage and other customs — 5. Religion, superstitions and social customs — 6. Occupation — 7. Criminal tendencies
52. 52.Patwa
53. 53.Pindāri — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin of the name — 2. Rise of the Pindāris — 3. Their strength and sphere of operations — 4. Pindāri expeditions and methods — 5. Return from an expedition — 6. Suppression of the Pindāris. Death of Chitu — 7. Character of the Pindāris — 8. The existing Pindāris — 9. Attractions of a Pindāri’s life
54. 54.Prabhu — 1. Historical notice — 2. General Customs
55. 55.Rāghuvansi — 1. Historical notice — 2. Social customs
56. 56.Rājjhar — 1. General notice — 2. Origin and subdivisions — 3. Marriage — 4. Social Customs
57. 57.Rājpūt — List of Paragraphs — 1. Introductory notice — 2. The thirty-six royal races — 3. The origin of the Rājpūts — 4. Subdivisions of the clans — 5. Marriage customs — 6. Funeral rites — 7. Religion — 8. Food — 9. Opium — 10. Improved training of Rājpūt chiefs — 11. Dress — 12. Social customs — 13. Seclusion of women — 14. Traditional character of the Rājpūts — 15. Occupation
58. 58.Rājpūt, Baghel
59. 59.Rājpūt, Bāgri
60. 60.Rājpūt, Bais
61. 61.Rājpūt, Baksaria
62. 62.Rājpūt, Banāphar
63. 63.Rājpūt, Bhadauria
64. 64.Rājpūt, Bisen
65. 65.Rājpūt, Bundela
66. 66.Rājpūt, Chandel
67. 67.Rājpūt, Chauhān
68. 68.Rājpūt, Dhākar
69. 69.Rājpūt, Gaharwār
70. 70.Rājpūt, Gaur
71. 71.Rājpūt, Haihaya
72. 72.Rājpūt, Hūna
73. 73.Rājpūt, Kachhwāha
74. 74.Rājpūt, Nāgvansi
75. 75.Rājpūt, Nikumbh
76. 76.Rājpūt, Pāik
77. 77.Rājpūt, Parihār
78. 78.Rājpūt, Rāthor
79. 79.Rājpūt, Sesodia
80. 80.Rājpūt, Solankhi
81. 81.Rājpūt, Somvansi
82. 82.Rājpūt, Sūrajvansi
83. 83.Rājpūt, Tomara
84. 84.Rājpūt; Yādu
85. 85.Rajwār
86. 86.Rāmosi — 1. General notice — 2. Methods of robbery — 3. Rāmosis employed as village watchmen — 4. Social customs
87. 87.Rangrez
88. 88.Rautia — 1. Origin of the tribe — 2. Subdivisions — 3. Marriage — 4. Funeral rites — 5. Inheritance
89. 89.Sanaurhia — 1. A band of criminals — 2. Traditions of origin — 3. Methods of stealing
90. 90.Sānsia — List of Paragraphs — 1. Historical notice of the caste — 2. Social customs — 3. Taboos of relationship — 4. Organisation for dacoity — 5. Description of a dacoity — 6. Omens — 7. Ordeals — 8. Sānsias at the present time
91. 91.Sānsia, Uria — 1. The caste and its subdivisions — 2. Marriage customs — 3. Religion and worship of ancestors — 4. Occupation
92. 92.Savar — List of Paragraphs — 1. Distribution and historical notices — 2. Tribal legends — 3. Tribal subdivisions — 4. Marriage — 5. Death ceremonies — 6. Religion — 7. Occupation
93. 93.Sonjhara — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin and constitution of the caste — 2. Totemism — 3. Marriage — 4. Customs at birth — 5. Funeral rites — 6. Religion — 7. Social customs — 8. Occupation
94. 94.Sudh
95. 95.Sunār — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice of the caste — 2. Internal structure — 3. Marriage and other customs — 4. Religion — 5. Social position — 6. Manufacture of ornaments — 7. The sanctity of gold — 8. Ornaments. The marriage ornaments — 9. Beads and other ornaments — 10. Ear-piercing — 11. Origin of ear-piercing — 12. Ornaments worn as amulets — 13. Audhia Sunārs — 14. The Sunār as money-changer — 15. Malpractices of lower-class Sumārs
96. 96.Tamera — 1. The Tamera and Kasār — 2. Social traditions and customs — 3. Disposal of the dead — 4. Religion
97. 97.Taonla
98. 98.Teli — List of Paragraphs — 1. Strength and distribution of the caste — 2. Origin and traditions — 3. Endogamous subcastes — 4. Exogamous divisions — 5. Marriage customs — 6. Widow-remarriage — 7. Religion: Caste deities — 8. Driving out evil — 9. Customs at birth and death — 10. Social status — 11. Social customs and caste penalties — 12. The Rāthor Telis — 13. Gujarāti Telis of Nimār — 14. The Teli an unlucky caste — 15. Occupation. Oil-pressing — 16. Trade and agriculture — 17. Teli beneficence
99. 99.Thug — List of Paragraphs — 1. Historical notice — 2. Thuggees depicted in the caves of Ellora — 3. Origin of the Thugs — 4. Methods of assassination — 5. Account of certain murders — 6. Special incidents (continued) — 7. Disguises of the Thugs — 8. Secrecy of their operations — 9. Support of landholders and villagers — 10. Murder of sepoys — 11. Callous nature of the Thugs — 12. Belief in divine support — 13. Theory of Thuggee as a religious sect — 14. Worship of Kāli — 15. The sacred pickaxe — 16. The sacred gur (sugar) — 17. Worship of ancestors — 18. Fasting — 19. Initiation of a novice — 20. Prohibition of murder of women — 21. Other classes of persons not killed — 22. Belief in omens — 23. Omens and taboos — 24. Nature of the belief in omens — 25. Suppression of Thuggee
100. 100.Turi — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin of the caste — 2. Subdivisions — 3. Marriage — 4. Funeral rites — 5. Occupation — 6. Social status
101. 101.Velama — 1. Origin and social status — 2. Marriage and social customs
102. 102.Vidur — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin and traditions — 2. The Purads, Golaks and Borals — 3. Illegitimacy among Hindustāni castes — 4. Legend of origin — 5. Marriage — 6. Social rules and occupation
103. 103.Wāghya
104. 104.Yerūkala
105. 105.Colophon — Availability — Encoding — Revision History — Corrections

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