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The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume III

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India—Volume III

by R. V. Russell

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About this eBook

Author
Russell, R. V. (Robert Vane), 1873-1915
Title
The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 3
Credits
Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net/ for Project Gutenberg.
Language
English
LoC Class
DS: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere: Asia
Subject
Madhya Pradesh (India) -- Scheduled tribes
Category
Text
eBook-No.
41424
Project Gutenberg
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41424
Release Date
November 21, 2012
Copyright
Public domain in the USA.

Contents

  1. 1.Untitled
  2. 2.Articles on Castes and Tribes of the Central Provinces in Alphabetical Order
  3. 3.Illustrations in Volume III
  4. 4.Pronunciation
  5. 5.Garardia—Koshti
  6. 6.Gadaria — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. — 2. Subdivisions. — 3. Marriage customs. — 4. Religion and funeral rites. — 5. Social customs. — 6. Goats and sheep. — 7. Blanket-weaving. — 8. Sanctity of wool.
  7. 7.Gadba — 1. Description and structure of the tribe. — 2. Marriage. — 3. Religious beliefs and festivals. — 4. Disposal of the dead. — 5. Occupation and mode of living.
  8. 8.Gānda — 1. Distribution and origin. — 2. Caste subdivisions. — 3. Marriage. — 4. Religion. — 5. Occupation and social status.
  9. 9.Gandhmāli
  10. 10.Gārpagāri — 1. Origin of the caste. — 2. Marriage. — 3. Religion. — 4. Occupation. — 5. Social status.
  11. 11.Gauria
  12. 12.GHASIA — List of Paragraphs — 1. Description of the caste. — 2. Subcastes. — 3. Exogamous sections. — 4. Marriage. — 5. Religion and superstitions. — 6. Occupation. — 7. Social customs. — 8. Ghasias and Kāyasths.
  13. 13.Ghosi
  14. 14.Golar
  15. 15.GOND — List of Paragraphs — ( a ) Origin and History — 1. Numbers and distribution. — 2. Gondwāna. — 3. Derivation of name and origin of the Gonds. — 4. History of the Gonds. — 5. Mythica traditions. Story of Lingo. — 6. Legend of the creation. — 7. Creation of the Gonds and their imprisonment by Mahādeo. — 8. The birth and history of Lingo. — 9. Death and resurrection of Lingo. — 10. He releases the Gonds shut up in the cave and constitutes the tribe. — ( b ) Tribal Subdivisions — 11. Subcastes. — 12. Exogamy. — 13. Totemism. — 14. Connection of totemism with the gods. — ( c ) Marriage Customs — 15. Prohibitions on intermarriage, and unions of relations. — 16. Irregular marriages. — 17. Marriage. Arrangement of matches. — 18. The marriage ceremony. — 19. Wedding expenditure. — 20. Special customs. — 21. Taking omens. — 22. Marriage by capture. Weeping and hiding. — 23. Serving for a wife. — 24. Widow remarriage. — 25. Divorce. — 26. Polygamy. — ( d ) Birth and Pregnancy — 27. Menstruation. — 28. Superstitions about pregnancy and childbirth. — 29. Procedure at a birth. — 30. Names. — 31. Superstitions about children. — ( e ) Funeral Rites — 32. Disposal of the dead. — 33. Funeral ceremony. — 34. Mourning and offerings to the dead. — 35. Memorial stones to the dead. — 36. House abandoned after a death. — 37. Bringing back the soul. — 38. The dead absorbed in Bura Deo. — 39. Belief in a future life. — ( f ) Religion — 40. Nature of the Gond religion. The gods. — 41. Tribal gods, and their place of residence. — 42. Household gods. — 43. Nāg Deo. — 44. Nārāyan Deo. — 45. Bura Deo. — 46. Charms and magic. — 47. Omens. — 48. Agricultural superstitions. — 49. Magical or religious observances in fishing and hunting. — 50. Witchcraft. — 51. Human sacrifice. 40 — 52. Cannibalism. — 53. Festivals. The new crops. — 54. The Holi festival. — 55. The Meghnāth swinging rite. — 56. The Karma and other rites. — ( g ) Appearance and Character, and Social Rules and Customs — 57. Physical type. — 58. Character. — 59. Shyness and ignorance. — 60. Villages and houses. — 61. Clothes and ornaments. — 62. Ear-piercing. — 63. Hair. — 64. Bathing and washing clothes. — 65. Tattooing. — 66. Special system of tattooing. — 67. Branding. — 68. Food. — 69. Liquor. — 70. Admission of outsiders and sexual morality. — 71. Common sleeping-houses. — 72. Methods of greeting and observances between relatives. — 73. The caste panchāyat and social offences. — 74. Caste penalty feasts. — 75. Special purification ceremony. — 76. Dancing. — 77. Songs. — f. Man speaks: — Woman: — 78. Language. — ( h ) Occupation — 79. Cultivation. — 80. Patch cultivation. — 81. Hunting: traps for animals.
  16. 16.Gond-Gowāri
  17. 17.Gondhali
  18. 18.Gopāl
  19. 19.GOSAIN — List of Paragraphs — 1. Names for the Gosains. — 2. The ten orders. — 3. Initiation. — 4. Dress. — 5. Methods of begging and greetings. — 6. The Dandis. — 7. The Rāwanvansis. — 8. Monasteries. — 9. The fighting Gosains. — 10. Burial. — 11. Sexual indulgence. — 12. Missionary work. — 13. The Gosain caste.
  20. 20.Gowāri — 1. Origin of the caste. — 2. Subcastes. — 3. Totemism and exogamy. — 4. Marriage customs. — 5. Funeral rites. — 6. Religion. — 7. Caste rules and the panchāyat . — 8. Social customs.
  21. 21.GŪJAR — List of Paragraphs — 1. Historical notice of the caste. — 2. The Gūjars and the Khazars. — 3. Predatory character of the Gūjars in northern India. — 4. Subdivisions. — 5. Marriage. — 6. Disposal of the dead. — 7. Religion. — 8. Character.
  22. 22.GURAO — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin of the caste. — 2. Internal structure. — 3. Marriage and ceremonies of adolescence. — 4. Birth customs. — 5. The sacred thread. — 6. Funeral customs. — 7. Social position. — 8. The Jain Guraos.
  23. 23.HALBA — List of Paragraphs — 1. Traditions of the caste. — 2. Halba landowners in Bastar and Bhandāra. — 3. Internal structure: subcastes. — 4. Exogamous sections. — 5. Theory of the origin of the caste. — 6. Marriage. — 7. Importance of the sister’s son. — 8. The wedding ceremony. — 9. Going-away ceremony. — 10. Widow-marriage and divorce. — 11. Religion. — 12. Disposal of the dead. — 13. Propitiating the spirits of those who have died a violent death. — 14. Impurity of women. — 15. Childbirth. — 16. Names. — 17. Social status. — 18. Caste panchāyat . — 19. Dress. — 20. Tattooing. — 21. Occupation.
  24. 24.Halwai
  25. 25.Hatkar — 1. Derivation and historical notice. — 2. The Gauli Hatkar’s reverence for cattle. — 3. Funeral rites. — 4. Exogamous groups.
  26. 26.Hijra
  27. 27.Holia
  28. 28.Injhwār — 1. Origin of the caste. — 2. Subdivisions. — 3. Marriage and other customs. — 4. Occupation and social status.
  29. 29.Jādam
  30. 30.Jādua
  31. 31.Jangam
  32. 32.JĀT — List of Paragraphs — 1. Theories of the origin of the caste. — 2. Sir D. Ibbetson’s description of the caste. — 3. Are the Jāts and Rājpūts distinct? — 4. The position of the Jāt in the Punjab. — 5. Social status of the Jāts. — 6. Brāhmanical legend of origin. — 7. The Jāts in the Central Provinces. — 8. Marriage customs. — 9. Funeral rites. — 10. The Paida ceremony. — 11. Customs at birth. — 12. Religion. — 13. Social customs. — 14. Occupation.
  33. 33.JHĀDI TELENGA — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. — 2. Exogamous divisions. — 3. Admission of outsiders. — 4. Marriage. — 5. Religion. — 6. Names. — 7. Magical devices — 8. Occupation.
  34. 34.JOGI — List of Paragraphs — 1. The Yoga philosophy. — 2. Abstraction of the senses or autohypnotism. — 3. Breathing through either nostril. — 4. Self-torture of the Jogis. — 5. Resort to them for oracles. — 6. Divisions of the order. — 7. Hair and clothes. — 8. Burial. — 9. Festivals. — 10. Caste subdivisions. — 11. Begging. — 12. Other occupations. — 13. Swindling practices. — 14. Proverbs about Jogis.
  35. 35.JOSHI — List of Paragraphs — 1. The village priest and astrologer. — 2. The apparent path of the sun. The ecliptic or zodiac. — 3. Inclination of the ecliptic to the equator. — 4. The orbits of the moon and planets. — 5. The signs of the zodiac. — 6. The Sankrānts. — 7. The nakshatras or constellations of the moon’s path. — 8. The revolution of the moon. — 9. The days of the week. — 10. The lunar year. — 11. Intercalary months. — 12. Superstitions about numbers. — 13. The Hindu months. — 14. The solar nakshatras . — 15. Lunar fortnights and days. — 16. Divisions of the day. — 17. The Joshi’s calculations. — 18. Personal names. — 19. Terminations of names. — 20. Women’s names. — 21. Special names and bad names.
  36. 36.Julāha
  37. 37.Kachera — 1. Origin of the caste. — 2. Exogamous groups. — 3. Social customs. — 4. Occupation.
  38. 38.KĀCHHI — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. — 2. Subdivisions. — 3. Marriage customs. — 4. Childbirth. — 5. Ear-piercing — 6. Disposal of the dead.
  39. 39.Kadera — 1. Historical notice. — 2. Subdivisions. — 3. Social customs. — 4. Religion and occupation.
  40. 40.Kahār — 1. Origin and statistics. — 2. The doli or palanquin. — 3. Female bearers. — 4. Indoor servants.
  41. 41.Kaikāri — 1. Origin and traditions. — 2. Marriage. — 3. Religion. — 4. Social customs and position. — 5. Occupation.
  42. 42.Kalanga — 1. Origin. — 2. Subdivisions. — 3. Marriage. — 4. Social position.
  43. 43.KALĀR — List of Paragraphs — 1. Strength of the caste. — 2. Internal structure. — 3. Dandsena Kalārs in Chhattīsgarh. — 4. Social customs. — 5. Liquor held divine in Vedic times. — 6. Subsequent prohibition of alcohol. — 7. Spirits habitually drunk in ancient times. — 8. Drunkenness and divine inspiration. — 9. Sanctity of liquor among the Gonds and other castes. — 10. Drugs also considered divine. — 11. Opium and gānja. — 12. Tobacco. — 13. Customs in connection with drinking.
  44. 44.KAMĀR 1 — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin and traditions. — 2. Subdivisions and marriage. — 3. The sister’s son. — 4. Menstruation. — 5. Birth customs. — 6. Death and inheritance. — 7. Religious beliefs. — 8. Veneration of iron and liquor. — 9. Social customs and caste penalties. — 10. Tattooing. — 11. Hair. — 12. Occupation and manner of life. — 13. Their skill with bows and arrows.
  45. 45.KANJAR — List of Paragraphs — 1. Derivation of the Kanjars from the Doms. — 2. The Kanjars and the Gipsies. — 3. The Thugs derived from the Kanjars. — 4. The Doms. — 5. The criminal Kanjars. — 6. The Kūnchband Kanjars. — 7. Marriage and religion. — 8. Social customs. — 9. Industrial arts.
  46. 46.Kāpewār
  47. 47.Karan
  48. 48.KASAI — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice of the caste. — 2. The cattle-slaughtering industry. — 3. Muhammadan rite of zibah or halāl . — 4. Animism. — 5. Animal-gods. The domestic animals. — 6. Other animals. — 7. Animals worshipped in India. — 8. The sacrificial meal. — 9. Primitive basis of kinship. — 10. The bond of food. — 11. The blood-feud. — 12. Taking food together and hospitality. — 13. The Roman sacra . — 14. The Hindu caste-feasts. — 15. Sacrifice of the camel. — 16. The joint sacrifice. — 17. Animal sacrifices in Greece. — 18. The Passover. — 19. Sanctity of domestic animals. — 20. Sacrificial slaughter for food. — 21. Animal fights. — 22. The sacrificial method of killing. — 23. Animal sacrifices in Indian ritual.
  49. 49.Kasār — 1. Distribution and origin of the caste. — 2. Internal structure. — 3. Social customs. — 4. Occupation.
  50. 50.KASBI — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. — 2. Girls dedicated to temples. — 3. Music and dancing. — 4. Education of courtesans. — 5. Caste customs. — 6. First pregnancy. — 7. Different classes of women. — 8. Dancing and singing.
  51. 51.Katia — 1. General notice. — 2. Subcastes and exogamous groups. — 3. Marriage customs. — 4. Funeral rites. — 5. Social rules.
  52. 52.KAWAR 1 — List of Paragraphs — 1. Tribal legend. — 2. Tribal subdivisions. — 3. Exogamous groups. — 4. Betrothal and marriage. — 5. Other customs connected with marriage. — 6. Childbirth. — 7. Disposal of the dead. — 8. Laying spirits. — 9. Religion. — 10. Magic and witchcraft. — 11. Dress. — 12. Occupation and social rules.
  53. 53.KĀYASTH — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice and legend of origin. — 2. The origin of the caste. — 3. The rise of the Kāyasths under foreign rulers. — 4. The original profession of the Kāyasths. — 5. The caste an offshoot from Brāhmans. — 6. The success of the Kāyasths and their present position. — 7. Subcastes. — 8. Exogamy. — 9. Marriage customs. — 10. Marriage songs. — 11. Social rules. — 12. Birth customs. — 13. Religion. — 14. Social customs. — 15. Occupation.
  54. 54.Kewat — 1. General notice. — 2. Exogamous divisions and marriage. — 3. Social customs.
  55. 55.KHAIRWĀR — List of Paragraphs — 1. Historical notice of the tribe. — 2. Its origin. — 3. Tribal subdivisions. — 4. Exogamous septs. — 5. Marriage. — 6. Disposal of the dead. — 7. Religion. — 8. Inheritance. — 9. The Khairwas of Damoh.
  56. 56.Khandait
  57. 57.KHANGĀR — List of Paragraphs — 1. Origin and traditions. — 2. Caste subdivisions. — 3. Marriage. — 4. Religion. — 5. Social status. — 6. Occupation.
  58. 58.KHARIA — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. — 2. Legend of origin. — 3. Subcastes. — 4. Exogamy and totemism. — 5. Marriage. — 6. Taboos as to food. — 7. Widow-marriage and divorce. — 8. Religion. — 9. Funeral rites. — 10. Bringing back the souls of the dead. — 11. Social customs. — 12. Caste rules and organisation. — 13. Occupation and character. — 14. Language.
  59. 59.Khatīk
  60. 60.Khatri — 1. Rājpūt origin. — 2. Sir George Campbell’s account of the Khatris. — 3. Higher and lower groups. — 4. Marriage and funeral customs.
  61. 61.Khojāh
  62. 62.KHOND 1 — List of Paragraphs — 1. Traditions of the tribe. — 2. Tribal divisions. — 3. Exogamous septs. — 4. Marriage. — 5. Customs at birth. — 6. Disposal of the dead. — 7. Occupation. — 8. A Khond combat. — 9. Social customs. — 10. Festivals. — 11. Religion. — 12. Human sacrifice. — 13. Last human sacrifices. — 14. Khond rising in 1882. — 15. Language.
  63. 63.Kīr — 1. Origin and Traditions. — 2. Marriage. — 3. Religion. — 4. Birth and death ceremonies. — 5. Food, dress and occupation.
  64. 64.Kirār — 1. Origin and traditions. — 2. Marriage. — 3. Religion. — 4. Social customs. — 5. Occupation.
  65. 65.Kohli — 1. General notice. — 2. Marriage and other customs. — 3. The Kohlis as tank-builders. — 4. Agricultural customs. — 5. General characteristics.
  66. 66.KOL — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. Strength of the Kols in India. — 2. Names of the tribe. — 3. Origin of the Kolarian tribes. — 4. The Kolarians and Dravidians. — 5. Date of the Dravidian immigration. — 6. Strength of the Kols in the Central Provinces. — 7. Legend of origin. — 8. Tribal subdivisions. — 9. Totemism. — 10. Marriage customs. — 11. Divorce and widow-marriage. — 12. Religion. — 13. Witchcraft. — 14. Funeral rites. — 15. Inheritance. — 16. Physical appearance. — 17. Dances. — 18. Social rules and offences. — 19. The caste panchāyat . — 20. Names. — 21. Occupation. — 22. Language.
  67. 67.KOLĀM — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice of the tribe. — 2. Marriage. — 3. Disposal of the dead. — 4. Religion and superstitions. — 5. Social position. — 6. Miscellaneous customs.
  68. 68.KOLHĀTI — List of Paragraphs — 1. Introductory notice. — 2. Internal structure. — 3. Marriage. — 4. Funeral rites. — 5. Other customs. — 6. Occupation.
  69. 69.KOLI — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice of the caste. — 2. Subdivisions. — 3. Exogamous divisions. — 4. Widow-marriage or divorce. — 5. Religion. — 6. Disposal of the dead. — 7. Social rules.
  70. 70.Kolta — 1. Origin and traditions. — 2. Exogamous groups. — 3. Marriage — 4. Religion. — 5. Occupation.
  71. 71.Komti
  72. 72.Kori — 1. Description of the caste. — 2. Marriages — 3. Customs at birth and death. — 4. Religion. — 5. Occupation and social status.
  73. 73.KORKU — List of Paragraphs — 1. Distribution and origin. — 2. Tribal legends. — 3. Tribal subdivisions. — 4. Marriage Betrothal. — 5. The marriage ceremony. — 6. Religion. — 7. The Bhumka. — 8. Magical practices. — 9. Funeral rites. — 10. Appearance and social customs. — 11. Character. — 12. Inheritance. — 13. Occupation. — 14. Language.
  74. 74.KORWA — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. — 2. Physical appearance. — 3. Subdivisions. — 4. Marriage customs. — 5. Funeral rites. — 6. Religion. — 7. Social customs. — 8. Dancing. — 9. Occupation. — 10. Dacoity. — 11. Folk-tales.
  75. 75.KOSHTI — List of Paragraphs — 1. General notice. — 2. Subdivisions. — 3. Marriage. — 4. Funeral customs. — 5. Religion. — 6. Superstitions. — 7. Clothes, etc. — 8. Social rules and status. — 9. Occupation.
  76. 76.Table of Contents
  77. 77.Colophon — Availability — Encoding — Revision History — External References — Corrections

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