The Project Gutenberg e-Book of Fugitive Slaves (1619-1865)

About this eBook

Author

McDougall, Marion Gleason

Title

Fugitive Slaves (1619-1865)

Credits

Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

E300: History: America: Revolution to the Civil War (1783-1861)

Subject

Slavery -- Law and legislation -- United States

Category

Text

eBook-No.

34594

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34594

Release Date

December 7, 2010

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.FUGITIVE SLAVES (1619-1865) BY MARION GLEASON McDOUGALL
2. 2.EDITOR'S PREFACE.
3. 3.AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
4. 4.CONTENTS.
5. 5.CHAPTER I. LEGISLATION AND CASES BEFORE THE CONSTITUTION. — Treatment of the Fugitives. — Escapes in New England. — Dutch and Intercolonial Regulations. — Intercolonial Cases. — International Cases. — English Law. Northwest Ordinance. — Fugitive Question in Constitutional Conventions.
6. 6.CHAPTER II. LEGISLATION FROM 1789 TO 1850. — The First Fugitive Slave Act. — Propositions of 1797 and 1802. — Propositions from 1817 to 1822. — Period of the Missouri Compromise. — Canada and Mexico Places of Refuge. — Kidnapping from 1793-1850. Prigg Case. — The Second Fugitive Slave Act. — Arguments for the Bill. — Arguments against the Bill.
7. 7.CHAPTER III. PRINCIPAL CASES FROM 1789 TO 1860. — The First Case of Rescue. — Kidnapping. — Interference and Rescues. — Interstate Relations. — Prosecutions. Act of 1850. — Sims and Burns. — Garner and Shadrach. — Rescues. — Castner Hanway. John Brown.
8. 8.CHAPTER IV. FUGITIVES AND THEIR FRIENDS. — Reasons for Escape. — Escapes to the North. — Fugitives disguised as Whites. — The Underground Railroad. — Operations "Underground."
9. 9.CHAPTER V. PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS. — Analysis. — Review of the Acts by States.
10. 10.CHAPTER VI. THE END OF THE FUGITIVE SLAVE QUESTION (1860-1865). — Enforcement. Slaves of Disloyal Men. — Confiscation Bills. — The Emancipation Proclamation. — Fugitives from Loyal Slave States. — District of Columbia. — Repeal of the Acts proposed. — Discussion of Repeal Bills. — Repeal of the Acts.
11. 11.APPENDIX A. COLONIAL LAWS RELATIVE TO FUGITIVES. — 1. New Netherlands:—Running away from Patroons. [§ 2 ]. — 2. Mass achusetts:—Capture and protection of servants. [§ 4. ] — 3. New Netherlands:—Runaway serv ants. [§ 6. ] — 4. Maryland:—Runaway apprentices felons. — 5. New Netherlands:— Against harboring fugitive servants. [§ 6 ]. — 6. Virginia:—Entert ainment of fugitives. [§ 3 ]. — 7. Virginia:—Runaway ser vants. [§ 3. ] — 8. New England Confederation:—Articles of Confederation. [§ 8. ] — 9. Connecticut:—Servants and apprentices. — 10. New Netherl ands:—Entertainment of runaways. — 11. Mar yland:—Against fugitives. — 12. Mar yland:—Against fugitives. — 13. Virginia:—Pen alty for second offence. — 14. New Netherlands:—Tre aty with United Colonies. [§ 11. ] — 15. City of Amsterdam:—Runaway colonists banished. — 16. Virginia:—Enter tainment of runaways. — 17. Virginia:—Puni shment of runaways. — 18. Virginia:—Huie and crie after runaways. — 19. New Net herlands:—Runaway servants. — 20. Virginia:—How to know a runnaw ay servant. [§ 3. ] — 21. Virginia:—Payment of Dutch shipmasters. — 22. Virginia:—Appre hension of runaways. — 23. Virginia:—English runnaw ay with negroes. [§ 3. ] — 24. Virginia:— Glocester to have jurisdiction over runaways. — 25. Virginia:—R unaway servants. — 26. M aryland:—Against runaways. — 27. Virginia:—P ursuit of runaways to the Dutch. — 28. M aryland:—Against English servants. — 29. New Netherlands:—Quakers, etc. refused admission to colony. — 30. Virginia:— Entertainment of runaways. — 31. Maryland:—Runaways and their entertainers. — 32. New Jersey—Fugitive servants. — 33. Virginia:—Ru naways. — 34. Virginia:—Runaways. — 35. Virginia:—Apprehensi on of Runaways. — 36. Virginia:—Re ward to the first taker up of runaways. — 37. Virginia:— Apprehension of Runaways. [§ 8. ] — 38. Maryland:— Apprehension of runaways. — 39. New Jersey:—Fugitive servants and apprentices. — 40. Ma ryland:—Runaways. — 41. East New Jersey:—Fugitive servants. — 42. New Jersey:—Pre vention of runaways. — 43. South Carolina.—Prevention of runaways. — 44. Virginia:—Repeal of law of 1663, September. — 45. E ast New Jersey:—Runaway servants. [§ 2. ] — 46. Virginia: Law of 1670 amended. — 47. South Carolina:— Inhibition of trade with runaways. — 48. Penn sylvania:—Regulation of servants. — 49. New York:—Regulation of slaves. — 50. New York:—Punishment of runaways to Canada. [§ 8. ] — 51. New York:— Act of 1702 revived. — 52. Virginia:—Runaw ay servants and slaves. — 53. M assachusetts Bay:—Regulation of free negroes. [§ 4.] — 54. South Carolina:—For the better ordering of slaves. — 55. N ew Jersey:—Regulation of slaves. — 56. New Jersey:—Regulation of white servants. — 57. Rhode Island:—Ferri age of runaways. [§ 4. ] — 58. South Carolina:— Additional Act to Act of 1712. — 59. New York:— Act of 1705 revived. [§ 8. ] — 60. North Ca rolina:—Servants and slaves. — 61. New Hampshire:—Runaway minors and servants. — 62. S outh Carolina:—Additional Act against runaways. — 63. Massachusetts Bay:—Transportation of apprentices and servants. — 64. Sout h Carolina:—Regulation of Slaves. — 65. Pennsylvania:— Regulation of negroes. — 66. Virginia:—Ear lier act amended. — 67. Connecticut:—Runaway servants and slaves. — 68. New York:—Slave insurrections, etc. — 69. South Carolina:—Reg ulation of slaves. — 70. Delaware:—Regulation of servants and slaves. — 71. Delaware:—Regulation of servants and slaves. — 72. South Carolina:—Regulation of slaves. — 73. North C arolina:—Entertainment of runaways, etc. [§ 3. ] — 74. Virginia:— Ferriage of runaways. — 75. South Carolina: Act additional to Act of 1740. — 76. Rhode Island:—Assistance of runaways. — 77. North Carolina:—Slave stealing. — 78. Connecticut:— Escape of negroes and servants. — 79. Connecticut:— Pursuit of runaways. — 80. Pennsylvania:— Harboring fugitives.
12. 12.APPENDIX B. NATIONAL ACTS AND PROPOSITIONS RELATIVE TO FUGITIVE SLAVES. 1778-1854. — Treaties and First Act. — 1. Fu gitive clause in treaty with the Delawares. — 2. Fugitive clause in the treaty of peace. [§§ 13, 22. ] — 3. Fugitive c lauses in Indian treaties. [§ 13. ] — 4. Fugitive clause in King's ordinance. [§ 14. ] — 5. Fugitive clauses in Ind ian treaties. [§ 13. ] — 6. Fugitive clause in Nor thwest Ordinance of 1787. [§ 14 ] — 7. Fugitive clause in the Constitution. [§ 15. ] — 8. Clauses for ret urning fugitives in Indian treaties. — 9. First Fugitive Sl ave Act. — Bills and Propositions. — 10. Ab stract of amendatory bill on fugitives. [§ 19. ] — 11. Restorati on of slaves by Indian treaties. [§ 22. ] — 12. Fugitive slave c lause in the Treaty of Ghent. [§ 22 ]. — 13. Amendments pr oposed to Pindall's bill. [§ 20 ] — 14. Provision for delivery on executive requisition. [§ 20. ] — 15. Proposed limitation to four years. [§ 20. ] — 16. Fugitiv e Slave clause in the Missouri Compromise. [§ 21. ] — 17. Investigation into the Pennsylvania Act. [§ 21. ] — 18. Maryland resolutions protesting against Pennsylvanians. [§ 21. ] — 19. Assumption of claims on Indians for fugitives. [§ 22. ] — 20. C alhoun's resolution on the status of slaves on the high seas. [§ 24. ] — 21. Wo odbridge resolution on extradition of slaves. [§ 23 ] — Prigg Decision. Resolutions. — 22. S ignificant extracts from the Prigg decision. [§ 25. ] — 23. G iddings's resolutions on the status of slaves on the high seas. [§ 24. ] — 24. Benton's r esolution on slaves escaping to Canada. [§ 23. ] — 25. Gi ddings's resolution for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia. [§ 28. ] — 26. Hall's re peal resolution for the District of Columbia. [§ 28. ] — Resolutions. Bill of 1850. — 27. Giddings's resolution inquiring into the condition of the District of Columbia jail. [§ 28. ] — 28. Giddings's resolution on the jail in the District of Columbia. [§ 28. ] — 29. Meade's resolution on more effectual enforcement of the constitutional article on fugitive slaves. [§ 27. ] — 30. Legis lative history of the Fugitive Slave Act. [Jan. 3 to Sept. 18, § 29. ] — Second Fugitive Slave Act. — 31. Second Fugitive Slave Act. [§§ 29, 30. ] — Act of 1850. Resolutions. — 32. McLa nahan's resolution against repeal of the law of 1850. — 33. Clay's resolution on the Shadrach case, Boston. [§ 51. ] — 34. Bright's bill explanatory of law of 1850. — 35. Fitch's resolution affirming the Compromise. — 36. Jackson's resolution affirming the Compromise. — 37. Hillyer's finality resolution. — 38. Chase's resolution of inquiry into payments under act of 1850.
13. 13.APPENDIX C. NATIONAL ACTS AND PROPOSITIONS RELATING TO FUGITIVE SLAVES. 1860-1864. — 1. President Bu chanan's message. [§ 86. ] — 2. Cochrane's Joint Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 3. Morris's R esolution. [§ 86. ] — 4. Leake's Joint Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 5. Cox's Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 6. Stevenson's Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 7. Niblack's Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 8. English's Joint Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 9. McClernand's Joint Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 10. H indman's Joint Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 11. K ilgore's Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 12. J ohnson's Joint Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 13. Crittenden's Joint Resolution. [§ 86.] — 14. Douglas's Joint Resolution. [§ 86. ] — 15. Florence's Joint Resolution. — 16. Morris's Joint Resolution. — 17. Douglas's Bill to amend the Fugitive Slave Laws. [§ 101. ] — 18. Florence's Joint Resolution. — 19. Kellogg's Joint Resolution. — 20. Kellogg's Joint Resolution. — 21. Kellogg's Joint Resolution. — 22. Peace Convention Amendment to the Constitution. [§ 85. ] — 23. Clarence's Joint Resolution. — 24. Crittenden's Joint Resolution. — * 25. C ompromise Bill to amend the Fugitive Slave Act. [§ 87. ] — 26. Pugh's Joint Resolution. — 27. Johnson's Joint Resolution on the return of fugitives. — 28. Powell's Joint Resolution on the return of fugitive slaves. — 29. Lovejoy's Resolution against the return of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95. ] — 30. Trumbull's confis cation Bill. [§ 90. ] — ** 31. Chandler's confiscation Act. [§ 90. ] — 32. Wilson's Joint Resolution for discharge of fugitives from the Washington jail. [§ 97. ] — * 33. Wilson's Resolution on repeal of the bla ck code in the District of Columbia. [§ 97. ] — * 34. Clark's Resolution on persons in Washington jail. — 35. L ovejoy's Bill to prevent return by the Army. [§ 95. ] — * 36. Sumner's Resolution on Army orders relating to fugitive slaves. — 37. Trumbull's C onfiscation Bill. — * 38. F essenden's Resolution on the Washington jail. [§ 97. ] — 39. B ingham's Resolution on the Washington jail. [§ 97. ] — 40. M orrill's confiscation Joint Resolution. [§ 91. ] — * 41. H ale's Resolution on the slaves of rebels. [§ 95. ] — 42. Wilson's Bill for eman cipation in the District of Columbia. [§ 98. ] — * 43. Sumner's Resolution against the surrender of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95. ] — 44. Lovejoy's confiscation and emancipation Resolution. [§§ 91, 95. ] — * 45. Julian's Resolution to amend the Fugitive Slave Law. [§ 95. ] — 46. Shank's Resolution on the return of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95. ] — * 47. Wilson's Res olution for articles of war. [§ 95. ] — 48. W ilson's Bill on the arrest of fugitives by the officers of the Army and Navy. [§ 95.] — 49. Howe's Bill for repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. [§ 101. ] — 50. Davis's confiscation Bill. — ** 51. Grimes's Act on criminal justice in the District of Columbia [§ 97. ] — 52. Tr umbull's Bill for the confiscation of property of rebels and to free the slaves of rebels. [§ 91. ] — 53. Am endments to Wilson's Bill on Army and Navy officers. [§ 95. ] — 54. Wilson's District of Columbia Bill. [§ 98. ] — * 55. Wilson's Resolution on the management of the Washington jail. — 56. Wilson's Bill to repe al the black code in the District of Columbia. [§ 98. ] — 57. Am endments to the confiscation Bill. [§ 91. ] — ** 58. Blair's Act prohibiting return by the Army. [§ 95. ] — 59. Harris's conf iscation Bill. [§ 91 ] — 60. Report of House Judiciary Committee on confiscation. — 61. Wilson's Resolution on the return of fugitives by the Army and Navy. — * 62. B ill for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. [§ 98. ] — 63. S herman's Amendment to Harris's confiscation Bill. — 64. Wilson's Bill to amend the Fugitive Slave Act. [§ 101. ] — *65. Bill for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. [§ 98. ] — 66. Lov ejoy's Bill on return of fugitives by the Army. [§ 95. ] — 67. Harris's confis cation Bill. [§ 91. ] — 68. House confiscation Bill. [§ 91. ] — 69. E liot's confiscation and emancipation Bill. [§ 91. ] — 70. S aulsbury's amendment of Wilson's Resolution. — 71. H arris's confiscation Bill recommitted. [§ 91. ] — 72. Clark's confiscation Bill. [§ 91. ] — 73. Con fiscation and emancipation Bill. [§ 91. ] — 74. Sumner's Resolution on fugitive slaves. — 75. Eman cipation Bill. — 76. Ju lian's Bill to repeal the Fugitive Slave Act. [§ 101. ] — 77. Colfax's Resolution demanding trial by jury for fugitives. — *78. Bill for emancipation of fugitives from disloyal masters. [§ 91. ] — ** 79. Progress of the confiscation Bill. [§ 91.] — 80. Bills for the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act. [§§ 101 - 103. ] — 81. Saulsbury's substitute on the validity of personal liberty laws in the States, etc. — 82. Discussion of the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law. [§ 101. ] — ** 83. Act repealing the Fugitive Slave Acts. [§§ 101 - 104. ]
14. 14.APPENDIX D. LIST OF IMPORTANT FUGITIVE SLAVE CASES. — 1. New Netherlan ds and Hartford controversy. [§ 11. ] — 2. Esca pe to Manhattan. [§ 7. ] — 3. Esca pe of white servants to Cape May. [§ 9. ] — 4. Escape to the In dians. [§ 8. ] — 5. Escape from English to French. [§ 11. ] — 6. Crisp us Attucks. [§ 5. ] — 7. Gl asgow. [§ 12. ] — 8. Shan ley v. Haney. [§ 12. ] — 9. Somersett case. [§ 12. ] — 10. Sh ip Friendship, case of. [§ 5. ] — 11. John. [§ 17. ] — 12. Quincy' s case. [§ 34. ] — 13. Washington' s slave. [§ 35. ] — 14. North Carolina fugitives. [§ 19. ] — 15. Columbia case. — 16. Solom on Northup. [§ 38. ] — 17. Wi lliams case. — 18. Prigg case. [§ 27. ] — 19. Kidnapping of Jones. [§ 37. ] — 20. Chickas aw rescue. [§ 42. ] — 21. Schoon er Boston case. [§ 47. ] — 22. Philade lphia. [§ 43. ] — 23. Escape of Douglass. [§§ 68, 75. ] — 24. Isaac G ansey case. [§ 47. ] — 25. Van Z andt case. [§ 50. ] — 26. Ober lin case. [§ 50. ] — 27. Thompson case. — 28. Lati mer case. [§ 44. ] — 29. Goin case. — 30. Thomas case. — 31. Wal ker case. [§ 50. ] — 32. Smithburg. — 33. Kirk case. — 34. Br ig Ottoman. [§ 45. ] — 35. Kenne dy case. [§ 43. ] — 36. Slaves on board Brazilian ship. — 37. Ohio and Kentuc ky controversy. [§ 48 ] — 38. South Bend case. — 39. Brig Wm. Purrington. — 40. Drayton an d Sayres. [§ 50. ] — 41. Cr afts escape. [§ 69.] — 42. Washing ton case. [§ 39. ] — 43. Ham let case. [§ 53. ] — 44. Gannett case. — 45. Gibson case. — 46. Case in Pennsylvania. — 47. S ims case. [§ 54. ] — 48. Shadr ach case. [§ 57. ] — 49. Christi ana case. [§ 60. ] — 50. M iller. [§ 61. ] — 51. Je rry case. [§ 58. ] — 52. Parker rescue. — 53. Brig Florence. — 54. Lewis case. — 55. Glover case. — 56. Bath. — 57. Bu rns case. [§ 55. ] — 58. Ga rner. [§ 56 ] — 59. Willia mson case. — 60. Jo hnson case. — 61. Gatchell case. — 62. Oberlin-Welli ngton case. [§ 59 ] — 63. John Brown's Raid. [§ 62. ] — 64. Nalle case. — 65. Ande rson case. [§ 23. ] — 66. Wisd om case. [§ 91. ] — 67. Major Sherwood's servant. [§ 91. ] — 68. Norf olk case. — 69. Arch er Alexander.
15. 15.APPENDIX E. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FUGITIVE SLAVE CASES AND FUGITIVE SLAVE LEGISLATION. — 1. Sources of information. — 2. Libraries. — 3. Secondary works. — 4. Biographies. — 5. Original sources. — 6. Slave autobiographies. — 7. Records of trials. — 8. Sp eeches. — 9. Reminiscences. — 10. Reports of societies. — 11. Periodicals and newspapers. — 12. Materials bearing on legislation. — 13. Alphabetical list of works.
16. 16.INDEX.
17. 17.FOOTNOTES.

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