The Principles of Biology, Vol. II

About this eBook

Author

Spencer, Herbert, 1820-1903

Title

The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)

Original Publication

United States: D. Appleton & Company,1899.

Credits

Karin Spence, Tim Lindell, Adrian Mastronardi, Josep Cols Canals and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

QH: Science: Natural history

Subject

Biology

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 67282

Release Date

January 30, 2022

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY
2. 2.Untitled
3. 3.PREFACE TO THE REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION OF VOL. II.
4. 4.PREFACE TO VOL. II.
5. 5.CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
6. 6.PART IV. MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
7. 7.CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEMS OF MORPHOLOGY.
8. 8.CHAPTER II. THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS.
9. 9.CHAPTER III. THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS, CONTINUED .
10. 10.CHAPTER IV. THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF ANIMALS.
11. 11.CHAPTER V. THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF ANIMALS, CONTINUED .
12. 12.CHAPTER VI. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN PLANTS.
13. 13.CHAPTER VII. THE GENERAL SHAPES OF PLANTS.
14. 14.CHAPTER VIII. THE SHAPES OF BRANCHES.
15. 15.CHAPTER IX. THE SHAPES OF LEAVES.
16. 16.CHAPTER X. THE SHAPES OF FLOWERS.
17. 17.CHAPTER XI. THE SHAPES OF VEGETAL CELLS.
18. 18.CHAPTER XII. CHANGES OF SHAPE OTHERWISE CAUSED.
19. 19.CHAPTER XIII. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN ANIMALS.
20. 20.CHAPTER XIV. THE GENERAL SHAPES OF ANIMALS.
21. 21.CHAPTER XV. THE SHAPES OF VERTEBRATE SKELETONS.
22. 22.CHAPTER XVI. THE SHAPES OF ANIMAL CELLS.
23. 23.CHAPTER XVII. SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
24. 24.PART V. PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
25. 25.CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEMS OF PHYSIOLOGY.
26. 26.CHAPTER II. DIFFERENTIATIONS BETWEEN THE OUTER AND INNER TISSUES OF PLANTS.
27. 27.CHAPTER III. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE OUTER TISSUES OF PLANTS.
28. 28.CHAPTER IV. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE INNER TISSUES OF PLANTS. [49]
29. 29.CHAPTER V. PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN PLANTS.
30. 30.CHAPTER VI. DIFFERENTIATIONS BETWEEN THE OUTER AND INNER TISSUES OF ANIMALS.
31. 31.CHAPTER VII. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE OUTER TISSUES OF ANIMALS.
32. 32.CHAPTER VIII. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE INNER TISSUES OF ANIMALS.
33. 33.CHAPTER IX. PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN ANIMALS.
34. 34.CHAPTER X. SUMMARY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
35. 35.CHAPTER X A . THE INTEGRATION OF THE ORGANIC WORLD.
36. 36.PART VI. LAWS OF MULTIPLICATION.
37. 37.CHAPTER I. THE FACTORS. [52]
38. 38.CHAPTER II. À PRIORI PRINCIPLE.
39. 39.CHAPTER III. OBVERSE À PRIORI PRINCIPLE.
40. 40.CHAPTER IV. DIFFICULTIES OF INDUCTIVE VERIFICATION.
41. 41.CHAPTER V. ANTAGONISM BETWEEN GROWTH AND ASEXUAL GENESIS.
42. 42.CHAPTER VI. ANTAGONISM BETWEEN GROWTH AND SEXUAL GENESIS.
43. 43.CHAPTER VII. THE ANTAGONISM BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND GENESIS, ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL.
44. 44.CHAPTER VIII. ANTAGONISM BETWEEN EXPENDITURE AND GENESIS.
45. 45.CHAPTER IX. COINCIDENCE BETWEEN HIGH NUTRITION AND GENESIS.
46. 46.CHAPTER X. SPECIALITIES OF THESE RELATIONS.
47. 47.CHAPTER XI. INTERPRETATION AND QUALIFICATION.
48. 48.CHAPTER XII. MULTIPLICATION OF THE HUMAN RACE.
49. 49.CHAPTER XIII. HUMAN POPULATION IN THE FUTURE.
50. 50.APPENDICES.
51. 51.APPENDIX A. SUBSTITUTION OF AXIAL FOR FOLIAR ORGANS IN PLANTS.
52. 52.APPENDIX B. A CRITICISM ON PROF. OWEN’S THEORY OF THE VERTEBRATE SKELETON.
53. 53.APPENDIX C. — EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
54. 54.APPENDIX D. ON THE ORIGIN OF THE VERTEBRATE TYPE.
55. 55.APPENDIX D 2. THE ANNULOSE TYPE.
56. 56.APPENDIX E. THE SHAPES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF FLOWERS.
57. 57.APPENDIX F. PHYSIOLOGICAL (OR CONSTITUTIONAL) UNITS.
58. 58.APPENDIX G. THE INHERITANCE OF FUNCTIONALLY-CAUSED MODIFICATIONS.
59. 59.SUBJECT-INDEX. — FOOTNOTES:

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