The popular religion and folk-lore of northern India (Volume 1 of 2)

About this eBook

Author

Crooke, William, 1848-1923

Title

The Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India, Vol. 1 (of 2)

Credits

Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

BL: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion: Religion: General, Miscellaneous and Atheism

Subject

Tree worship -- India

Category

Text

eBook-No.

43681

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43681

Release Date

September 10, 2013

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Untitled
2. 2.PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. — PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.
3. 3.CONTENTS.
4. 4.THE GODLINGS OF NATURE. — The Deva. — The Deotâ. — Godlings Pure and Impure. — Sûraj Nârâyan, the Sun Godling. — Village Worship of Sûraj Nârâyan. — Sun-worship among the non-Aryan Races. — Sun-worship in the Domestic Ritual. — Moon-worship. — Eclipses and the Fire Sacrifice. — Eclipse Observances. — Star-worship. — The Rainbow. — The Milky Way. — Earth-worship. — Worship of Mother Earth. — Earth-worship among the Drâvidians. — Secrecy in Worship of Mother Earth. — Thunder and Lightning. — Earthquakes. — River-worship. — Springs Connected with the Ganges. — Sacred River Junctions. — Ill-omened Streams. — Origin of River-worship. — Floods and Drowning People. — Khwâja Khizr, the God of Water. — The Folk-lore of Wells. — Sacred Wells. — Hot Springs. — Waterfalls. — Sacred Lakes. — The Lake of the Fairy Gifts. — The Shâhgarh Lake. — Other Sacred Tanks. — Mountain-worship; the Himâlaya. — Mountain-worship among the Drâvidians. — Respect Paid to the Vindhya and Kaimûr Ranges. — Other Famous Hills. — The Spirits of the Air. — Bhîmsen, a Weather Godling. — Demoniacal Control of the Weather. — Rain-making and Nudity. — Rites Special to Women. — Other Rites to bring Rain. — Devices to Cause Rain to Cease. — Hail and Whirlwind. — Aerolites.
5. 5.THE HEROIC AND VILLAGE GODLINGS. — The Heroic Godlings. — Hanumân. — Hanumân as a Village Godling. — Worship of Bhîmsen. — Pillar-worship of Bhîmsen. — Worship of Bhîshma. — Worship of the Local Godlings. — Village Shrines. — Identification of the Local Godling. — Worship of Dwâra Gusâîn. — Worship of Bhûmiya. — Worship of Bhairon. — Worship of Ganesa. — The Worship of the Great Mothers. — Mother-worship in Gujarât. — Mother-worship in Upper India. — The Jungle Mothers. — Other Mother Goddesses. — Worship of Gansâm Deo. — Worship of Dântan Deo and Lalitâ. — Worship of Dûlha Deo, the Bridegroom Godling.
6. 6.THE GODLINGS OF DISEASE. — The Demoniacal Theory of Disease. — Sîtalâ, the Goddess of Small-pox. — Connection of Sîtalâ with Human Sacrifice. — Small-pox Worship in Bengal. — Mâtangî Saktî and Masân. — Journey forbidden during an Epidemic of Small-pox. — Observances during Small-pox Epidemics. — Minor Disease Godlings. — Hardaul Lâla, the Cholera Godling. — Exorcism of the Cholera Demon. — Cholera caused by Witchcraft. — The Demon of Cattle Disease. — Other Cholera Godlings. — Exorcism of Disease. — Methods of Rural Exorcism. — Exorcism by Dancing. — Flagellation. — Treatment of Sorcerers. — Appointment of Ojhas. — Fraud in Exorcism. — Disease Charms. — Rag Offerings. — Disease Transference. — Scapegoats. — Demons Scared by Noise. — Disease Scapegoats.
7. 7.THE WORSHIP OF THE SAINTED DEAD. — Ancestor-worship: its Origin. — Among the Aryans and Drâvidians. — Spirits Mortal. — Ancestors Re-born in Children. — The Srâddha. — Degradation of Ancestor-worship. — Worship of Worthies. — The Sâdhu. — Miracle-working Tombs. — The Satî. — The Satî and the Pitri. — Modern Saints. — Deification in Modern Times. — Shaikh Bûrhan. — Salîm Chishti. — Deification of Noted Persons. — Harshu Pânrê. — Ratan Pânrê. — Mahenî. — Nâhar Khân. — Gangânâth and Bholanâth. — Bhairwanand. — Vyâsa. — Vâlmîki. — Various Saints. — Deified Robbers. — Râja Lâkhan. — Râja Chandol. — Belâ. — Jokhaiya. — Ramâsa Pîr. — Râê Sinh. — The Pîrs and Sayyids. — The Panj Pîr. — Caste Saints. — Domestic Worship of the Pîr. — The Pachpiriyas. — The Pânch Pîr and the Pândavas. — Ghâzi Miyân. — Sakhi Sarwar. — Gûga Pîr. — Gûga and Snake-worship. — Worship of Tejajî. — Worship of Bâba Farîd Shakkarganj. — Minor Saints. — Villages Overturned. — Malâmat Shâh. — Miyân Ahmad. — Shaikh Saddû. — Shrines Which Cure Disease. — Sayyid Yûsuf. — Wonder-working Tombs. — The Nine-yard Tombs. — Shrines with Images or Relics. — The Curing of Barrenness. — Harmless Saints and Godlings.
8. 8.WORSHIP OF THE MALEVOLENT DEAD. — Spirits of the Dead Hostile. — Savage Theory of Dreams. — The Separable Soul. — The Bhût. — Shrines to Persons Accidentally Killed. — Second Marriage and Bhûts. — Food of Bhûts. — Posture of Bhûts. — Tests of Bhûts. — Spirit Lovers. — Spirit Entries: The Head. — The Mouth. — Yawning. — Sneezing. — The Hands and Feet. — The Ears. — Varieties of Bhûts. — The Pret. — The Pisâcha. — The Râkshasa. — Power of Lengthening Themselves. — Night Spirits. — Râkshasas as Builders. — Modern Râkshasas. — Brâhman Ghosts. — The Deo. — The Bîr. — The Dâno. — The Daitya. — The Headless Horseman. — The Ghostly Army. — Masân. — Tola. — Airi. — Hill Demons. — Birth Fiends. — The Parî and Jinn. — The Ghoul. — The Baghaut. — The Churel. — Eating Food in Spirit Land. — Modes of Repelling the Churel. — Counting. — The Couvade. — Various Birth Ceremonies. — Places Infested by Bhûts: Burial Places. — Deserts. — Owls and Bats. — Ghosts and Burial Grounds. — Mutilation. — Ghosts of Old Ruins. — Mine and Cave Spirits. — Cave Deities. — Bhûts Treasure Guardians. — Fairy Gifts. — Underground Treasure. — Ghosts of Roads. — Ghosts of Empty Houses. — Ghosts of Flowers. — The Hearth. — Ghosts of Filthy Places. — The House Roof.
9. 9.Colophon — Availability — Encoding — Revision History — External References — Corrections

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