Descended from Cavaliers, it was certain that the Manchester
merchants would embrace the political opinions of their
fathers, and support the hereditary claims of the House of
Stuart. They did so enthusiastically. All were staunch
Jacobites, and more or less concerned in a plot which had
long been forming for the restoration of James the Third to
the throne. Constant meetings were held at a small inn at
Didsbury, near the ferry, where the conspirators drank "The
King over the Water." A secret correspondence was kept up
with the exiled court, and assurances were given to the
Chevalier de St. George that the whole population of the
town would rise in his favour whenever the expected invasion
took place.
The great spread of Jacobite opinions throughout the town
could be traced to two or three influential individuals. Chief
among these was Dr. Deacon—a very remarkable man, whose
zeal and earnestness were calculated to extend his opinions,
and make converts of those opposed to him. Dr. Deacon had
been concerned in the former rebellion, and in his quality of
a Nonjuring priest had assisted at the dying moments of the
Reverend William Paul and Justice Hall, who were executed
in 1716. The declaration delivered by them to the sheriff
was written by Dr. Deacon, and produced an immense effect
from its force and eloquence. Having incurred the suspicion
of the Government, Dr. Deacon deemed it expedient to change
his profession. Repairing to Manchester, he began to practise
as a physician, and with considerable success. But this
did not prevent him from carrying on his spiritual labours.
He founded a Nonjuring church, of which he was regarded as
the bishop. His fervour and enthusiasm gained him many
disciples, and he unquestionably produced an effect upon the
clergy of the collegiate church, all of whom, except the warden,
Dr. Peploe, adopted his opinions, and inculcated Jacobitism
from the pulpit. Though a visionary and mystic, Dr. Deacon
was a man of great erudition, and a profound theologian. He
had three sons, all of whom shared his political and religious
opinions.
Another person quite as zealous as Dr. Deacon in promoting
the cause of the Pretender, though he observed
much greater caution in his proceedings, was Dr. John
Byrom, whose name is still held in the greatest respect in
Manchester. A native of the town, and well connected, Dr.
Byrom occupied an excellent social position. He was a man
of great versatility of talent—a wit, a scholar, a linguist, and
a charming poet. But his witty sayings were playful, and,
though smart, entirely divested of ill-nature. Clever at most
things, he invented a new system of short-hand, which he
taught, so long as it was necessary for him to improve his
income; but on the death of his elder brother he succeeded to
the family property, Kersal Cell, situated in the neighbourhood
of the town. His diary and correspondence, published
by the Chetham Society, give a complete insight into his truly
amiable character, and not only display him in the most
pleasing colours, but place him in the first rank as a letter-writer.
Dr. Byrom contributed two papers to the Spectator,
and wrote many delightful songs and humorous poems, but he
will be best remembered by his admirable letters. He was
fortunate in his wife, and equally fortunate in his children—a
son and daughter—and it is to these members of his family,
to whom he was tenderly attached, that most of his letters are
addressed.
At the time of our story, Dr. Byrom was between fifty and
sixty—a striking-looking person, tall, thin, erect. Without
being handsome, his features were pleasing and benevolent in
expression. His manner was singularly courteous, and his
temper so even that it could scarcely be ruffled.
A third person, who made his appearance in Manchester
immediately after the outbreak of the rebellion in Scotland,
was Colonel Francis Townley. He belonged to an old Lancashire
Roman Catholic family, the head of which, Richard
Townley, of Townley Hall, took part in the rebellion of 1715,
and was tried before Judge Powis, but acquitted.
Born at his father's house near Wigan, Frank Townley, at
the period of our story, was just thirty-eight. Some seventeen
years previously he went over to France, and being remarkably
handsome, made a figure at the court of Versailles.
Befriended by the Duke of Berwick, he received a commission
from Louis the Fifteenth, served at the siege of Philipsburg,
and was close beside the duke when the latter was killed by
a cannon-shot. Subsequently he served under Marshal de
Broglie in the campaign against Austria, and was present at
several sieges and actions, in all of which he displayed great
spirit and intrepidity, and acquired a very brilliant military
reputation.
Frank Townley continued in the French service for fifteen
years, and then returned to England, living for some little
time in retirement. When the young Chevalier landed in
Scotland, and an invasion was meditated by France, Louis
sent him a colonel's commission to enable him to raise forces
for the prince. With this design he came to Manchester,
thinking he should have no difficulty in raising a regiment,
but he was not so successful as he anticipated.
A simultaneous rising of the Jacobites in the northern
counties and in some of the larger towns had been confidently
looked for by the partisans of the House of Stuart, but as this
did not take place, the excitement in the prince's behalf,
which had been roused in Manchester, began quickly to subside. The intelligence that the victor of Preston Pans was
marching southward at the head of an army of five thousand
Highlanders, though it raised the hopes of some of the bolder
spirits, carried consternation among the bulk of the towns-people—not
only among those who were loyal, but among the
disaffected. The Jacobites wished well to the Pretender, but
declined to fight for him. Numbers left the town, and the
shopkeepers began to remove their goods and valuables. The
Presbyterians were especially alarmed, and sent away their
wives and families.
News that the prince had reached Carlisle increased the
excitement. The militia was quartered in the town for its
defence; but the men were disbanded before the insurgent
army appeared. The bridge at Warrington was destroyed to
impede the march of the rebels; other bridges were blown
up; and Salford Bridge was threatened, but escaped destruction.
In the midst of the general alarm and confusion now prevailing
in the place, Colonel Townley found it impossible to
enrol a sufficient number of men to form a regiment. All
those who had been lavish in promises made excuses, or got
out of the way.
By this time Carlisle had surrendered, and the prince,
whose army moved in two divisions, was marching southward.
Greatly disappointed by his ill success, Colonel Townley
resolved to set out and meet him at Lancaster, in order to prepare
him for his probable reception at Manchester.
On the night before his departure on this errand, the
colonel had a conference with Dr. Deacon and Dr. Byrom at
the Bull's Head in the market-place—a tavern frequented
mainly by the High Church Tories and Jacobites; just as the
Angel Inn in Market Street Lane was resorted to by Whigs and
Presbyterians.
The party met in a private room at the back of the house.
A cheerful fire blazed on the hearth—it must be borne in
mind that it was then in November—and a flask of claret
stood on the table; but the serious looks of the three gentlemen
betokened that they had not met merely for convivial
purposes.
With the tall, thin figure, benevolent countenance, and
courteous manner of Dr. Byrom, we have endeavoured to
familiarise the reader. The doctor was attired in a murrey-coloured
coat with long skirts, and wore a full-bottomed tie-wig,
and a laced cravat, but had laid aside his three-cornered hat.
Dr. Deacon was somewhat advanced in years, but seemed
full of vigour, both of mind and body. He had a highly
intellectual physiognomy, and a look about the eyes that
bespoke him an enthusiast and a visionary. He was dressed
in black, but his costume was that of a physician, not a divine.
Still, the Nonjuring priest could not be wholly disguised.
Colonel Townley had a very fine presence. His figure
was tall, well-proportioned, and commanding. He might
easily have been taken for a French officer; nor was this to be
wondered at, considering his fifteen years' service in France.
A grey cloth riding-dress faced with purple displayed his
lofty figure to advantage. An aile-de-pigeon wig, surmounted
by a small cocked hat edged with silver lace and jack-boots,
completed his costume.
"Now, gentlemen," said the colonel, drawing his chair
closer to them, "before I join the prince at Lancaster, I desire
to have your candid opinion as to the chance of a rising in his
favour in this town. Latterly I have met with nothing but
disappointment. The conduct of your leading merchants fills
me with rage and disgust, and how they can reconcile it with
the pledges they have given his royal highness of support, I
cannot conceive. Still, I hope they will act up to their professions,
and maintain the honourable character they have
hitherto borne. How say you, gentlemen? Can the prince
calculate on a general declaration in his favour? You shake
your heads. At least he may count on a thousand recruits?
Five hundred? Surely five hundred Manchester men will
join his standard?"
"A few weeks ago I firmly believed half the town would
rise," replied Dr. Deacon. "But now I know not what to
say. I will not delude the prince with any more false
promises."
"'Twill be an eternal disgrace to Manchester if its inhabitants
desert him at this critical juncture," cried the colonel,
warmly. "Is this to be the miserable conclusion of all your
plots and secret meetings? You have invited him, and now
that he has complied with the invitation, and is coming hither
with an army, you get out of the way, and leave him to his
own resources. 'Tis infamous!"
"I still hope my fellow-townsmen may redeem their
character for loyalty," said Dr. Deacon. "Perchance, when
his royal highness appears, he may recall them to their duty."
"I doubt it," observed the colonel.
"I will not attempt to defend the conduct of the Manchester
Jacobites," observed Dr. Byrom; "but they are not
quite so culpable as they appear. They ought not to have
invited the prince, unless they were resolved to support him
at all hazards. But they have become alarmed, and shrink
from the consequences of their own rashness. They wish
him every success in his daring enterprise, but will not risk
their lives and fortunes for him, as their fathers did in the
ill-starred insurrection of 1715."
"In a word, they consider the prince's cause hopeless,"
said the colonel.
"That is so," replied Dr. Byrom. "You will do well to
dissuade his royal highness from advancing beyond Preston,
unless he is certain of receiving large reinforcements from
France."
"Dissuade him from advancing! I will never give him
such dastardly counsel. Were I indiscreet enough to do so,
he would reject it. His royal highness is marching on
London."
"So I conclude. But I fear the Duke of Cumberland will
never allow him to get there."
"Bah! He will beat the Duke as he beat Johnnie Cope
at Preston Pans. But he need not hazard a battle. He can
easily elude the duke if he thinks proper."
"Not so easily, I think; but, should he do so, he will find
the Elector of Hanover prepared for him. The guards and
some other regiments are encamped at Finchley, as we learn
by the last express, for the defence of the capital."
"You are just as timorous as the rest of your fellow-townsmen,
sir. But no representations of danger will deter
the heroic prince from his projected march on London. Ere
long, I trust he will drive out the usurper, and cause his
royal father to be proclaimed at Westminster."
"Heaven grant it may be so!" exclaimed Dr. Deacon,
fervently. "'Twill be a wondrous achievement if it succeeds."
"I do not think it can succeed," said Dr. Byrom. "You
think me a prophet of ill, colonel, but I am solely anxious for
the prince's safety. I would not have him fall into the hands
of his enemies. Even retreat is fraught with peril, for Field-Marshal
Wade, with a strong force, is in his rear."
"Better go on, then, by your own showing, sir. But
retreat is out of the question. I am at a loss to understand
how you can reconcile your conduct with the principles you
profess. The prince has need of zealous adherents, who will
sacrifice their lives for him if required. Yet you and your
friends, who are pledged to him, keep aloof."
"I am too old to draw the sword for the prince," said Dr.
Deacon; "but I shall identify myself with his cause, and I
have enjoined my three sons to enrol themselves in the Manchester
Regiment."
"You have done well, sir, but only what might have been
expected from you," said Colonel Townley. "Your conduct
contrasts favourably with that of many of his self-styled
adherents."
"I can bear the taunt, colonel," said Dr. Byrom, calmly.
"Whatever opinion you may entertain to the contrary, my
friends and myself are loyal to the House of Stuart, but we
are also discreet. We have had our lesson, and mean to
profit by it. To be plain with you, Colonel Townley, we
don't like the Highlanders."
"Why not, sir? They are brave fellows, and have done
no mischief. They will do none here—on that you may
depend."
"Maybe not, but the people are desperately afraid of them,
and think they will plunder the town.
"Mere idle fears," exclaimed Colonel Townley.
"Have you a list of recruits, colonel?" inquired Dr.
Deacon.
Colonel Townley replied in the affirmative, and produced
a memorandum-book.
"The list is so brief, and the names it comprises are so
unimportant, that I shall feel ashamed to present it to the
prince," he said. "The first person I have set down is James
Dawson."
"Jemmy Dawson is a young man of very respectable
family—in fact, a connexion of my own," observed Dr.
Byrom. "He belongs to St. John's College, Cambridge."
"Next on the list is Mr. Peter Moss, a gentleman of this
county," pursued the colonel. "Then come Mr. Thomas
Morgan, a Welshman, and Mr. John Saunderson, a Northumberland
gentleman. All those I have enumerated will be
officers, and with them I shall couple the names of your sons,
Dr. Deacon—Thomas Theodorus, Charles, and Robert."
"All three are prepared to lay down their lives in asserting
the rights of their only lawful sovereign, King James the
Third," said the doctor. "They have constantly prayed that
Heaven may strengthen him so that he may vanquish and
overcome all his enemies, that he may be brought to his
kingdom, and the crown be set upon his head."
"In that prayer we all join," said the colonel. "I shall
not fail to mention your sons to the prince. Then we have a
young parson named Coppock, who desires to be chaplain of
the regiment. From his discourse he seems to be a good
specimen of the church militant."
"He will give up a good benefice if he joins you," remarked
Dr. Byrom.
"He will be rewarded with a bishopric if we succeed.
With a few exceptions, the rest are not persons of much rank—Andrew
Blood, George Fletcher, John Berwick, Thomas
Chadwick, and Thomas Syddall. The last is a member of
the Nonjuring church, I believe, Dr. Deacon?"
"I am proud of him, though he is only a barber," replied
the doctor. "He has never sworn allegiance to the usurper,
and never will. He is the son of that Thomas Syddall who
was put to an ignominious death in 1716, and his head fixed
on the market-cross of this town. Thomas Syddall, the
younger, inherits his father's loyalty and courage."
"He shall be an ensign," said the colonel. "Next,
there is a young man, whom I have put down, though I
don't feel quite sure of him. He is the handsomest young
fellow I have seen in Manchester, and evidently full of
spirit."
"I think I can guess whom you mean," said Dr. Byrom.
"'Tis Atherton Legh."
"Right! that is the youngster's name. He was introduced
to me by Theodore Deacon. Who is he? He looks as if he
belonged to a good family."
"Atherton Legh is Atherton Legh—that is all I know of
his family history, and I believe it is all he knows himself,"
replied Dr. Deacon.
"I can tell you something more about him," said Dr.
Byrom. "He was brought up by a small tradesman, named
Heywood, dwelling in Deansgate, educated at our grammar-school
under Mr. Brooke, and afterwards apprenticed to Mr.
Hibbert, a highly respectable merchant; but as to his parentage,
there is a mystery. Beyond doubt, he has some wealthy
relative, but he has prudently abstained from making inquiries,
since it has been intimated to him that, if he does so, the
present liberal allowance, which is regularly paid by some
person who styles himself his guardian, will cease."
"A very good reason for remaining quiet," observed the
colonel. "But I suppose Heywood is acquainted with the
guardian?"
"He has not even heard his name. Atherton's allowance
is paid through a banker, who is bound to secrecy. But you
shall hear all I know about the matter. Some eighteen years
ago, an elderly dame, who described herself as Madame Legh,
having the appearance of a decayed gentlewoman, and attired
in mourning, arrived in Manchester, and put up at this very
inn. She had travelled by post, it appeared, from London,
and brought with her a very pretty little boy, about three
years old, whom she called her grandson, stating that his
name was Atherton Legh. From this, it would seem, there
was no disguise about the old dame, but there is every reason
to believe that the names given by her were fictitious. Having
made some preliminary inquiries respecting the Heywoods,
and ascertained that they had no family, Madame Legh paid
them a visit, taking her little grandson with her, and after
some talk with Mrs. Heywood, who was a very kind-hearted
woman, easily prevailed upon her to take charge of the child.
All the arrangements were very satisfactorily made. Mrs.
Heywood received a purse of fifty guineas, which she was
told came from the boy's guardian—not his father. She was
also assured that a liberal allowance would be made by the
guardian for the child's maintenance and education, and the
promise was most honourably fulfilled. All being settled,
Madame Legh kissed her little grandson and departed, and
was never seen again. The child quickly attached himself to
the worthy pair, who became as fond of him as if he had been
their own son. In due time, Atherton grew into a fine spirited
lad, and, as I have just intimated, was sent to the grammar-school.
When his education was completed, in compliance
with the injunctions of his mysterious guardian, conveyed
through the banker who paid the allowance, the youth was
apprenticed to Mr. Hibbert—the fee being five hundred
pounds, which, of course, was paid. Thenceforth, Atherton
resided with Mr. Hibbert.
"Such is the young man's history, so far as it is known,
and it is certainly curious. No wonder you have been struck
by his appearance, colonel. He has decidedly a fine physiognomy,
and his look and manner proclaim him the son of a
gentleman. Whether he will venture to enrol himself in your
regiment without his guardian's consent, which it is next to
impossible for him to obtain, is more than I can say.
"It does not seem to me that he is bound to consult his
guardian on the point," remarked Dr. Deacon. "I have told
him so; but he has some scruples of conscience, which I hope
to remove."
"If his guardian is a Hanoverian, he ought to have no
authority over him," said the colonel. "You must win him
over to the good cause, doctor. But let us have a glass of
claret," he added, helping himself, and pushing the bottle
towards Dr. Byrom, who was nearest him.