The Historians’ History of the World, Volume XI

About this eBook

Editor

Williams, Henry Smith, 1863-1943

Title

The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 11 : France, 843-1715

Original Publication

New York: The Outlook Company, 1905.

Credits

David Edwards and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

D: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere

Subject

World history

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 77058

Release Date

October 14, 2025

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE HISTORIANS’ HISTORY OF THE WORLD
2. 2.Contributors, and Editorial Revisers.
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.CHAPTER I. THE LATER CARLOVINGIANS — CHARLES THE BALD (843-877 A.D.) — THE NORTHMEN — EDICT OF MERSEN (847 A.D.) — THE NORTHMEN’S ALLIES — BEGINNING OF THE GREAT FIEFS — EDICTS OF PISTES AND QUIERZY — LOUIS II TO CARLOMAN (877-884 A.D.) — CHARLES THE FAT, KING AND EMPEROR (884-887 A.D.) — THE FEUDAL RÉGIME — THE CHURCH — CAPETIANS AND CARLOVINGIANS (887-936 A.D.) — THE LAST CARLOVINGIANS (936-987 A.D.) — FOOTNOTES
5. 5.CHAPTER II. THE FOUNDATION OF THE CAPETIAN DYNASTY — HENRY I (1031-1060 A.D.) — Deeds of the Great Barons — PHILIP I (1060-1108 A.D.) — LOUIS THE FAT AND LOUIS THE YOUNG (1108-1180 A.D.) — Battle of Brenneville — The Abbot Suger — EMANCIPATORY MOVEMENTS AFTER THE CRUSADES — The Communes — Philosophy and Thought; Abelard and St. Bernard — Abelard and the University — The Position of Woman — FOOTNOTES
6. 6.CHAPTER III. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY — PRINCE ARTHUR OF BRITTANY — THE ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE — LEAGUE AGAINST PHILIP AUGUSTUS — The Battle of Bouvines (1214 A.D. ) — LAST YEARS AND INFLUENCE OF PHILIP AUGUSTUS — LOUIS VIII (1223-1226 A.D.) — LOUIS IX, CALLED ST. LOUIS (1226-1270 A.D.) — First Crusade of St. Louis (1248-1254 A.D. ) — Last Years and Death of St. Louis — Hallam’s Estimate of St. Louis — Piety and Christianity of St. Louis — Progress of the Monarchy under St. Louis — ASPECTS OF THIRTEENTH CENTURY CIVILISATION — FOOTNOTES
7. 7.CHAPTER IV. PHILIP III TO THE HOUSE OF VALOIS — PHILIP (III) THE BOLD (1270-1285 A.D.) — PHILIP (IV) THE FAIR (1285-1314 A.D.) — New War with Flanders (1302-1304 A.D. ) — The Quarrel between Philip and Boniface VIII — Sentence of the Templars (1307 A.D. ) — Philip’s Fiscal Policy — Execution of Jacques de Molay (1314 A.D. ) — Political Progress in Philip’s Reign — LOUIS (X) THE QUARRELSOME (1314-1316 A.D.) — PHILIP (V) THE TALL (1316-1322 A.D.) — CHARLES (IV) THE FAIR (1322-1328 A.D.) — ASPECTS OF CIVILISATION — The Great Fairs — FOOTNOTES
8. 8.CHAPTER V. THE OPENING OF THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR — EDWARD III CLAIMS THE THRONE OF FRANCE — THE BATTLE OF SLUYS OR L’ÉCLUSE — THE WAR IN BRITTANY — Joan de Montfort defends Hennebon — PHILIP’S FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES — RENEWAL OF THE WAR WITH ENGLAND (1344 A.D.) — EDWARD RETURNS TO FRANCE (1346 A.D.) — FROISSART’S DESCRIPTION OF CRÉCY (1346 A.D.) — MICHELET ON THE RESULTS OF CRÉCY — THE SIEGE OF CALAIS — SUSPENSION OF THE WAR (1347 A.D.) — TERRITORIAL ACQUISITION — FOOTNOTES
9. 9.CHAPTER VI. JOHN THE GOOD AND CHARLES THE WISE — TROUBLE WITH CHARLES OF NAVARRE — THE STATES-GENERAL OF 1355 A.D. — THE BATTLE OF POITIERS (SEPTEMBER 18TH, 1356) — THE STATES-GENERAL OF 1356-1357 A.D. — THE DAUPHIN REPUDIATES THE GRANDE ORDONNANCE (1358 A.D.) — THE JACQUERIE (1358 A.D.) — DEATH OF MARCEL — PEACE NEGOTIATIONS; EDWARD IN FRANCE (1359 A.D.) — The Story of Le Grand Ferré — THE TREATY OF BRETIGNY (1360 A.D.) — THE LAST YEARS OF KING JOHN (1360-1364 A.D.) — CHARLES THE WISE (1364-1380 A.D.) — Early Exploits of Bertrand du Guesclin — End of the Breton War: Battle of Auray (1364 A.D. ) — Du Guesclin Leads the Free Companies into Castile (1366 A.D. ) — The Peace of Bretigny is Broken (1368-1369 A.D. ) — The English Invasion (1369-1370 A.D. ) — LAST YEARS OF CHARLES V AND OF DU GUESCLIN — FOOTNOTES
10. 10.CHAPTER VII. THE BETRAYAL OF THE KINGDOM — WAR IN FLANDERS: BATTLE OF ROOSEBEKE (1382 A.D.) — INSURRECTIONS IN PARIS AND ROUEN — THE KING ASSUMES THE RULE (1388 A.D.) — HATRED OF THE NOBLES FOR THE MINISTRY (1389-1392 A.D.) — THE KING GOES MAD: THE PRINCES RETURN TO POWER (1392 A.D.) — DOMESTIC TROUBLES AND SCANDALS — CIVIL WAR — HENRY V INVADES FRANCE—A FRENCH VIEW — MICHELET’S ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF AGINCOURT (OCTOBER 25TH, 1415) — MASSACRE OF THE ARMAGNACS IN PARIS (1418 A.D.) — THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY MASTER OF PARIS (1418 A.D.) — SIEGE OF ROUEN (1418-1419 A.D.) — HENRY AND JOHN THE FEARLESS (1419 A.D.) — THE TREATY OF TROYES (1420 A.D.) — HENRY’S STRUGGLE WITH THE DAUPHIN (1420-1422 A.D.) — WOES OF THE PEOPLE—THE DANSE MACABRE — THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS AND THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE — FOOTNOTES
11. 11.CHAPTER VIII. THE RESCUE OF THE REALM — MONSTRELET DESCRIBES THE SIEGE OF MONTARGIS (1427 A.D.) — THE SIEGE OF ORLEANS (1428-1429 A.D.) — The “Battle of the Herrings” (1429 A.D. ) — THE MAID OF ORLEANS ( LA PUCELLE ) (1429 A.D.) — Joan at the Court — The Deliverance of Orleans (1429 A.D. ) — Joan of Arc leads the King to Rheims — Joan defeated at Paris (1429 A.D. ) — Capture of Joan of Arc (1430 A.D. ) — Trial of Joan of Arc — The Twelve Articles — The Findings of the Faculty — The Sentence and its Execution — THE REHABILITATION OF JOAN OF ARC (1456 A.D.) — A BRITISH ESTIMATE OF JOAN’S SERVICES — FOOTNOTES
12. 12.CHAPTER IX. “THE CONVALESCENCE OF FRANCE” — THE TREATY OF ARRAS (1435 A.D.) — THE FRENCH RETURN TO PARIS (1436-1437 A.D.) — THE PRAGMATIC SANCTION (1438 A.D.) — THE ATROCIOUS CRIMES OF THE BARONS — Gilles de Retz — CHARLES BEGINS THE WORK OF REFORM (1439 A.D.) — AGNES SOREL; THE PRAGUERIE (1440 A.D.) — EFFECTIVE PROGRESS AGAINST ENGLAND (1441-1444 A.D.) — EXPEDITION TO SWITZERLAND AND LORRAINE — The Battle of Sankt Jakob (1444 A.D. ) — MILITARY AND FINANCIAL REFORMS (1443-1448 A.D.) — THE CLOSE OF THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR — The Battle of Castillon (July 17th, 1453) — THE LAST YEARS OF CHARLES VII — Quarrels with Burgundy and with the Dauphin — Death of Charles VII; the Influence of His Reign — FOOTNOTES
13. 13.CHAPTER X. THE REIGN OF LOUIS XI: THE TRIUMPH OF THE CROWN — RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH — THE WAR OF THE PUBLIC WEAL — The Battle of Montlhéry and the Treaty of Conflans — POLITICAL INTRIGUES — THE STRUGGLE WITH CHARLES THE BOLD — Comines describes the Visit to Péronne (1468 A.D. ) — The Storming of Liège — The Return of Louis to France — Edward IV of England aids Charles the Bold — Gold and Diplomacy make Louis the Victor — Last Deeds of Charles the Bold — MARY OF BURGUNDY — WAR WITH MAXIMILIAN — LAST YEARS AND DEATH OF LOUIS — MARTIN’S ESTIMATE OF LOUIS XI — LOUIS’ INFLUENCE ON CIVILISATION — Establishment of Posts in France — FOOTNOTES
14. 14.CHAPTER XI. CHARLES VIII AND LOUIS XII—THE INVASION OF ITALY — CHARLES VIII (1483-1497 A.D.) — The Rule of Anne de Beaujeu — The Struggle with the Duke of Orleans — Charles VIII in Italy — Death of Charles VIII — LOUIS XII, “THE FATHER OF HIS PEOPLE” (1498-1515 A.D.) — Marriage with Anne of Brittany — Foreign Affairs [66] — Internal Affairs — Last Years of Louis XII — FOOTNOTES
15. 15.CHAPTER XII. IMPERIAL STRUGGLES OF FRANCIS I AND HENRY II — CRITICAL SURVEY OF FRANCIS I AND HIS PERIOD — A BRILLIANT CAMPAIGN IN ITALY — The Concordat — STRIFE BETWEEN FRANCIS I AND CHARLES V — Meeting of Henry VIII and Francis I on the Field of the Cloth of Gold — Francis I and Charles V at War — Defection of the Duke de Bourbon — A Disastrous Campaign in Italy: The Battle of Pavia — Francis Captive in Spain: The Treaty of Madrid — Further Dissensions and the “Ladies’ Peace” — INTERNAL AFFAIRS — The French Renaissance — WAR AGAIN BETWEEN FRANCIS I AND CHARLES V — LAST YEARS AND DEATH OF FRANCIS I — GAILLARD’S ESTIMATE OF FRANCIS I — CHARACTER AND POLICY OF HENRY II — COURT FAVOURITES — RELIGIOUS PERSECUTIONS AND ROYAL MARRIAGES — WAR WITH CHARLES V AND HIS SUCCESSOR — The Siege of Metz (1552 A.D. ) — Minor Engagements; the Abdication of Charles V — Battle and Defence of St. Quentin (August 10th, 1557) — The Retaking of Calais (1558 A.D. ) — The Treaty of Câteau-Cambrésis (1559 A.D. ) — THE LAST DAYS OF HENRY II — FOOTNOTES
16. 16.CHAPTER XIII. CATHERINE DE’ MEDICI AND THE RELIGIOUS WARS — FRANCIS II (1559-1560 A.D.) — Religious Parties — Death of Francis II — THE ACCESSION OF CHARLES IX (1560-1574 A.D.) — CIVIL WAR (1562-1569 A.D.) — The Edict of Amboise and its Results — THE SECOND RELIGIOUS WAR — THE THIRD RELIGIOUS WAR — Admiral Coligny; the Peace of St. Germain — A TROUBLED PEACE; THE MARRIAGE OF HENRY OF NAVARRE — THE ATTACK ON COLIGNY — PREPARING FOR THE MASSACRE — THE MASSACRE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW, AUGUST 24TH, 1572 — EFFECTS OF THE MASSACRE — LAST YEARS, DEATH, AND CHARACTER OF CHARLES IX — THE ACCESSION OF HENRY III (1574-1589 A.D.) — POLITICAL CONDITIONS — THE HOLY LEAGUE — THE WAR OF THE THREE HENRYS — The Battle of Coutras (1587 A.D. ) — The Day of the Barricades and the Treaty of Union — The Meeting of the States-General — THE ASSASSINATION OF HENRY, DUKE OF GUISE (1588 A.D.) — DEATH OF CATHERINE DE’ MEDICI — THE SIEGE OF PARIS AND THE DEATH OF HENRY III — FOOTNOTES
17. 17.CHAPTER XIV. HENRY OF NAVARRE, FIRST OF THE BOURBONS — HENRY’S STRUGGLE FOR THE CROWN — The Battle of Ivry — The Duke of Parma and the Spaniards — Henry IV and the League — Opposition of the Pope and Philip II — THE EDICT OF NANTES — REORGANISATION OF FRANCE WITH THE AID OF SULLY — AMOURS AND SECOND MARRIAGE OF HENRY IV — INTRIGUES OF DE BIRON — THE LAST YEARS OF HENRY’S REIGN — Grand Design of Henry IV; His Death — CHARACTER AND POLICY OF HENRY IV — Martin’s Estimate of Henry IV — STEPHEN’S CHARACTERISATION OF HENRY IV AND HIS TIMES — FOOTNOTES
18. 18.CHAPTER XV. THE LITERARY PROGRESS OF FRANCE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY — CALVIN — MONTAIGNE — FOOTNOTES
19. 19.CHAPTER XVI. THE EARLY YEARS OF LOUIS XIII AND THE RISE OF RICHELIEU — THE REGENCY OF MARIE DE’ MEDICI — Disgrace of Sully — First Revolt of the Lords (1614 A.D. ) — Last Assembly of the States-General — MAJORITY OF LOUIS XIII; MARRIAGE WITH ANNE OF AUSTRIA — RICHELIEU APPEARS — ASSASSINATION OF MARSHAL D’ANCRE — THE MINISTRY OF LUYNES (1617-1621 A.D.) — The Huguenot Uprising; The Siege of Montauban (1621 A.D. ) — Death of Luynes (1621 A.D. ) — RICHELIEU’S RETURN TO THE MINISTRY — CONSPIRACY OF THE COURT AGAINST RICHELIEU — THE SIEGE OF LA ROCHELLE DESCRIBED BY SEIGNOBOS — FOOTNOTES
20. 20.CHAPTER XVII. THE DICTATORSHIP OF RICHELIEU — RICHELIEU AND THE KING — RICHELIEU ENTERS THE EUROPEAN ARENA — ENMITY OF MARIE DE’ MEDICI AGAINST RICHELIEU — The Day of Dupes — Exile of Marie de’ Medici — THE REVOLT OF GASTON AND THE EXECUTION OF MONTMORENCY — FOREIGN AFFAIRS — Wars with Austria — ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE THE CARDINAL — CHARACTER OF LOUIS — REVOLT OF THE COUNT DE SOISSONS (1641 A.D.) — CAILLET’S ESTIMATE OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF RICHELIEU — THE CHURCH AND THE STATE UNDER RICHELIEU — THE CONSPIRACY OF CINQ-MARS (1641-1642 A.D.) — RECOVERY AND TRIUMPH OF RICHELIEU — THE LAST DAYS OF RICHELIEU — STEPHEN’S ESTIMATE OF LOUIS XIII AND OF RICHELIEU — FOOTNOTES
21. 21.CHAPTER XVIII. THE SUPREMACY OF MAZARIN — BATTLE OF ROCROI (MAY 18TH-19TH, 1643 A.D.) — THE IMPORTANTS (1643 A.D.) — THE EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG KING — MILITARY GLORY (1644-1648 A.D.) — TREATY OF WESTPHALIA (1648 A.D.) — MAZARIN’S DOMESTIC POLICY — FIRST INSURRECTION OF THE FRONDE (1648 A.D.) — The Day of the Barricades (August 27th, 1648) — SECOND ACT OF THE FRONDE; ARREST OF CONDÉ — RESISTANCE OF BORDEAUX (1650 A.D.) — DISGRACE AND EXILE OF MAZARIN (1650-1651 A.D.) — CONDÉ IN POWER (1651 A.D.) — RETURN OF MAZARIN (1651 A.D.) — THE LAST PHASE OF THE FRONDE — Battle of St. Antoine (July 2nd, 1652) — SECOND EXILE OF MAZARIN — MAZARIN AGAIN IN POWER (1653 A.D.) — WAR WITH SPAIN CONTINUES — ALLIANCE WITH CROMWELL (1655 A.D.); WAR IN FLANDERS (1656-1658 A.D.) — THE TREATY OF THE PYRENEES (1659 A.D.) — LAST YEARS AND DEATH OF MAZARIN (1659-1661 A.D.) — FOOTNOTES
22. 22.CHAPTER XIX. “L’ÉTAT, C’EST MOI” — THE MINISTERS — The Man with the Iron Mask — THE MINISTRY OF COLBERT — Reorganisation of the Finances — Michelet’s Estimate of Colbert — LOUVOIS — VAUBAN — SÉGUIER, LEGISLATIVE WORKS — LIONNE, FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND DIPLOMACY — TRIUMPH OF THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY — Submission of Parliament — Submission of the Nobility — The Third Estate — LOUIS XIV AND THE CHURCH — The Protestants — Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685 A.D. ) — The Jansenists — THE POLICE — THE COURT OF THE GRAND MONARCH — Mademoiselle de la Vallière — Madame de Montespan — Poisoning: The Brinvilliers Case — The Retirement of Montespan — Madame de Maintenon — EFFECT OF LOUIS XIV’S POLICY ON THE NATION — FOOTNOTES
23. 23.CHAPTER XX. LOUIS XIV, SPAIN, AND HOLLAND — THE WAR OF THE QUEEN’S RIGHTS (1667-1668 A.D.) — THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE — Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668 A.D. ) — PROJECTS AGAINST HOLLAND (1668-1672 A.D.) — The Treaty of Dover: Death of Madame (1670 A.D. ) — Treaties with Other Powers (1670-1672 A.D. ) — THE WAR WITH HOLLAND BEGINS (1672 A.D.) — The Passage of the Rhine (June, 1672 A.D. ) — THE FRENCH IN HOLLAND AND GERMANY (1672-1673 A.D.) — THE NEW COALITION AGAINST FRANCE (1673 A.D.) — Defection of England and the Imperial Allies (1674 A.D. ) — OPERATIONS IN FRANCHE-COMTÉ; TURENNE IN ALSACE (1674-1675 A.D.) — CONDÉ IN THE NETHERLANDS — LAST CAMPAIGNS OF TURENNE AND CONDÉ (1675 A.D.) — EVENTS OF 1676; AFFAIRS IN SICILY — CAMPAIGN OF 1677; NEGOTIATIONS FOR PEACE — LOUIS XIV SETTLES WITH THE COALITION (1678-1679 A.D.) — FOOTNOTES
24. 24.CHAPTER XXI. THE HEIGHT AND DECLINE OF THE BOURBON MONARCHY — ACQUISITION OF FRONTIER PLACES (1679-1681 A.D.) — PREPARATIONS FOR A SECOND COALITION (1681-1682 A.D.) — RELATIONS WITH TURKS AND BERBERS — SECOND COALITION: THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG (1686 A.D.) — THE REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND (1688 A.D.) — WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG (1688-1697 A.D.) — Attempts to restore James II (1689-1692 A.D. ) — DEVASTATION OF THE PALATINATE (1688-1689 A.D.) — The War in Savoy and Piedmont (1689-1693 A.D. ) — The War in the Netherlands (1690-1692 A.D. ) — Steenkerke and Neerwinden (1692-1693 A.D. ) — Last Years of the War; Treaty with Savoy (1693-1696 A.D. ) — THE TREATY OF RYSWICK (1697 A.D.) — LOUIS XIV AND THE POLISH THRONE (1697 A.D.) — THE QUESTION OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION (1697-1700 A.D.) — ACCESSION OF THE BOURBONS IN SPAIN — THE GRAND ALLIANCE OR THIRD COALITION AGAINST FRANCE (1701 A.D.) — WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION: THE FRENCH VICTORIES (1701-1704 A.D.) — THE CAMISARDS — WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION—FRENCH REVERSES (1704-1713 A.D.) — The Battle of Blenheim — The Battle of Ramillies, 1706 — The Battle of Malplaquet (1709 A.D. ) — Battle of Denain (1712 A.D. ) — TREATIES OF UTRECHT AND RASTATT (1713-1714 A.D.) — DEATH OF LOUIS XIV — FOOTNOTES
25. 25.CHAPTER XXII. THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV: [148] ASPECTS OF ITS CIVILISATION — FOUNDATION OF THE FRENCH ACADEMY — THE PATRONAGE SYSTEM — LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS — SCIENCE — POETRY: BOILEAU — ORATORY: BOSSUET — THE THIRD PERIOD — THE DRAMA: TRAGEDY — Corneille — Racine — COMEDY — ARCHITECTURE — SCULPTURE AND PAINTING — MUSIC AND THE OPERA — RAPID DECLINE OF THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV — A FRENCH VIEW OF THE EFFECT OF THE AGE — FOOTNOTES
26. 26.BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS — Chapter I. The Later Carlovingians — Chapter II. The Foundation of the Capetian Dynasty — Chapter III. The Development of the Absolute Monarchy — Chapter IV. Philip III to the House of Valois — Chapter V. The Opening of the Hundred Years’ War — Chapter VI. John the Good and Charles the Wise — Chapter VII. The Betrayal of the Kingdom — Chapter VIII. The Rescue of the Realm — Chapter IX. The Convalescence of the Realm — Chapter X. The Reign of Louis XI — Chapter XI. Charles VII and Louis XII, The Invasion of Italy — Chapter XII. Imperial Struggles. Francis I and Henry II — Chapter XIII. Catherine de’ Medici and the Religious Wars — Chapter XIV. Henry of Navarre, the First of the Bourbons — Chapter XV. The Literary Progress of France in the Sixteenth Century — Chapter XVI. The Early Years of Louis XIII — Chapter XVII. The Dictatorship of Richelieu — Chapter XVIII. The Supremacy of Mazarin — Chapter XIX. L’État, c’est Moi — Chapter XX. Louis XIV, Spain and Holland — Chapter XXI. The Height and Decline of the Bourbon Monarchy — Chapter XXII. The Age of Louis XIV

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