The Historians’ History of the World, Volume IX

About this eBook

Editor

Williams, Henry Smith, 1863-1943

Title

The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 09 : Italy

Original Publication

United States: The Outlook Company, 1905.

Credits

David Edwards and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

D: History: General and Eastern Hemisphere

Subject

World history

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 71209

Release Date

July 16, 2023

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE HISTORIANS’ HISTORY OF THE WORLD
2. 2.Contributors, and Editorial Revisers.
3. 3.CONTENTS
4. 4.INTRODUCTION THE SCOPE OF ITALIAN HISTORY: A PREFATORY CHARACTERISATION — THE DARK AGE — THE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES — THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY — THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY — THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY — THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY — THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES — THE NINETEENTH CENTURY — FOOTNOTES
5. 5.CHAPTER I. ITALY IN THE DARK AGE — THE BARBARIAN INVADERS — CHARLEMAGNE AND HIS SUCCESSORS — THE EMPIRE AND THE PAPACY — THE DISUNITED MUNICIPALITIES — THE ORIGIN OF VENICE — THE ORIGIN OF THE DOGESHIP — VENICE IN THE TENTH CENTURY — PROSPERITY AND POLITICAL REFORMS — OTHER MARITIME CITIES — THE LOMBARD CITIES AND THEIR ALLIES — FLORENCE — Social Conditions — Municipal Wars — FOOTNOTES
6. 6.CHAPTER II. IMPERIAL AGGRESSIONS OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY — FREDERICK BARBAROSSA IN ITALY — The Siege of Crema — RIVAL POPES — IMPERIAL CAMPAIGNS AND REVERSES — FREDERICK ONCE MORE AGGRESSIVE — THE BATTLE OF LEGNANO; THE PEACE OF CONSTANCE — DEATH OF FREDERICK; HIS SUCCESSOR — GROWING POWER OF THE NOBILITY — FOOTNOTES
7. 7.CHAPTER III. THE NORMANS IN SICILY — THE NORMANS IN FRANCE — THE NORMANS COME TO ITALY — CAPTURE OF THE POPE; ROBERT GUISCARD (1053 A.D.) — CONQUEST OF SICILY; EASTERN INVASIONS (1060-1090 A.D.) — ROGER, GREAT COUNT OF SICILY (1101-1138 A.D.) — ROGER II (1138-1154 A.D.) — WILLIAM THE BAD (IL MALO) (1154-1166 A.D.) — WILLIAM THE GOOD (1166-1189 A.D.) — NORMAN INFLUENCE — FOOTNOTES
8. 8.CHAPTER IV. THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY — FACTIONS IN FLORENCE — FREDERICK II CROWNED EMPEROR — RENEWAL OF THE LOMBARD LEAGUE — FREDERICK II AND THE LOMBARD LEAGUE — THE BATTLE OF CORTENUOVA — POPE AGAINST EMPEROR — THE GUELFS EXPELLED FROM FLORENCE; THE BATTLE OF FOSSALTA — DEATH OF FREDERICK II: THE SUCCESSION — THE POPE AND THE CITIES — FLORENTINE AFFAIRS; THE GUELFS RECALLED — FLORENCE AND SIENA AT WAR; THE BATTLE OF MONTAPERTI — THE TYRANT EZZELINO — THE BEGINNING OF FEUDAL TYRANNY IN LOMBARDY — PERENNIAL STRIFE OF GUELFS AND GHIBELLINES — CHARLES OF ANJOU CONQUERS SICILY — THE FALL OF CONRADIN; GREGORY X; OTTO VISCONTI — GHIBELLINE SUCCESSES; THE SICILIAN VESPERS — WANING INFLUENCE OF KING, EMPEROR, AND POPE — THE REPUBLIC OF PISA — Pisa Defeated by Genoa near Meloria — Perfidy and Fall of Ugolino — FLORENCE; THE FEUD OF THE BIANCHI AND THE NERI — The Pope sends Charles of Valois as Conciliator (1301 A.D. ) — FOOTNOTES
9. 9.CHAPTER V. THE FREE CITIES AND THE EMPIRE — AN EMPEROR ONCE MORE IN ITALY — MILAN SEDITIONS; GENOA AND VENICE AT WAR — HENRY’S CORONATION AND SUDDEN DEATH — RIVAL EMPERORS; ECCLESIASTICAL DISSENSIONS — CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI — FLORENCE MENACED — THE FLORENTINE ARMY UNDER RAYMOND OF CARDONA — RAYMOND TEMPORISES — A BRILLIANT SKIRMISH — THE BATTLE OF ALTOPASCIO — CASTRUCCIO ADDS INSULT TO INJURY — FLORENCE IN DESPAIR CALLS ON THE DUKE OF CALABRIA — CHARLES AND HIS ARMY — THE GHIBELLINES CALL ON LUDWIG OF BAVARIA — SUCCESSES OF COUNT NOVELLO — LUDWIG COMES TO ITALY — CASTRUCCIO GOES TO ROME — CASTRUCCIO’S NEW CONQUEST; HIS SUDDEN DEATH — ESTIMATES OF CASTRUCCIO — DUKE OF CALABRIA DIES: LUDWIG RETIRES — CAN’ GRANDE DELLA SCALA — JOHN OF BOHEMIA COMES TO ITALY — LUCCA A BONE OF CONTENTION — THE DUKE OF ATHENS MADE PROTECTOR OF FLORENCE — GROWING UNPOPULARITY OF THE DUKE OF ATHENS — THE DUKE DRIVEN FROM THE CITY — ATTEMPTED REFORMS — WAR OF THE FACTIONS IN FLORENCE — THE GREAT PLAGUE — BOCCACCIO’S ACCOUNT OF THE PLAGUE IN FLORENCE — NAPIER’S REFLECTIONS ON THE PLAGUE — FOOTNOTES
10. 10.CHAPTER VI. THE VANGUARD OF THE RENAISSANCE — EUROPEAN CULTURE IN GENERAL — THE UNIVERSITIES AND NASCENT SCHOLARSHIP — LATIN AND THE VERNACULAR — THE MASTER POET, AND HIS THEME — Dante the Man — LESSER CONTEMPORARIES OF DANTE — PETRARCH — EARLY ITALIAN PROSE — BOCCACCIO — LESSER CONTEMPORARIES OF PETRARCH AND BOCCACCIO — ART IN THE THIRTEENTH AND FOURTEENTH CENTURIES — The Tuscan School of Painters — Ruskin’s Estimate of Giotto’s Tower — FOOTNOTES
11. 11.CHAPTER VII. ROME UNDER RIENZI — THE RISE OF RIENZI — LORD LYTTON ON THE SPEECH OF RIENZI — RIENZI’S OPPONENTS; HIS FRIENDS; HIS PROCLAMATIONS — DISASTER SUCCEEDS VICTORY — ANARCHY AND JUBILEE IN ROME — RIENZI IN EXILE; HIS RENEWED OPPORTUNITY; HIS DEATH — FOOTNOTES
12. 12.CHAPTER VIII. DESPOTS AND TYRANTS OF THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES — THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES — Joanna II — Alfonso the Magnanimous — Ferdinand — THE TYRANTS OF LOMBARDY — Companies of Adventure — Florence Menaced by the Visconti — Charles IV in Italy — The “War of Liberation” — The Papal Schism — Gian Galeazzo Visconti — Filippo Maria Visconti — The House of Sforza — FOOTNOTES
13. 13.CHAPTER IX. THE MARITIME REPUBLICS IN THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURIES — THE AFFAIRS OF PISA AND GENOA — Naval Exploits — THE AFFAIRS OF VENICE [18] — The Tiepolo Conspiracy, and the Council of Ten — The Story of Marino Falieri — Venetian Wars and Conquests — Victories of Carmagnola — Death of Frescobaldi; the War Ended and Renewed — The Great Naval Battle on the Po — The Revolt of Pisa; The Cruel Ruse of Baldaccio — The Fall of Carmagnola — Venice and the Turks — The Government of Venice. — The Two Foscari — FOOTNOTES
14. 14.CHAPTER X. THE COMMERCE OF VENICE — VENICE IN THE LEVANT — THE COMMERCIAL FOREBEARS OF THE VENETIANS — VENETIAN GLASS — OTHER MANUFACTURES — THE SLAVE TRADE — THE DECLINE OF VENETIAN COMMERCE — THE BANK OF VENICE — FOOTNOTES
15. 15.CHAPTER XI. THE GUILDS AND THE SEIGNIORY IN FLORENCE — SOCIAL UPHEAVALS OF THE MIDDLE OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY — MACCHIAVELLI’S ACCOUNT OF THE CIOMPI INSURRECTION — The Eight “Saints of War” — Mob Violence — Michele di Lando — Momentary Peace; Renewed Insurrections
16. 16.CHAPTER XII. FLORENCE UNDER THE MEDICI — THE RISE, REVERSES, AND POWER OF COSMO DE’ MEDICI — Cosmo and the Revival of Learning — Last Years of Cosmo — Roscoe’s Estimate of Cosmo — COSMO’S SUCCESSOR — PIERO’S SONS AND THE CONSPIRACIES — The Pazzi Conspiracy — LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT IN POWER — The Florentines Routed at Poggibonzi — Lorenzo’s Embassy to Naples — Peace with Honour — Further Papal Wars — LAST YEARS OF LORENZO — VON REUMONT’S ESTIMATE OF LORENZO
17. 17.CHAPTER XIII. ASPECTS OF LATER RENAISSANCE CULTURE — FIFTEENTH CENTURY ART — Vasari’s Estimate of Fifteenth Century Art — Leonardo da Vinci — THE END OF THE MEDIÆVAL EPOCH — THE AGE OF MICHELANGELO — Michelangelo as Sculptor — RAPHAEL — Ariosto — Machiavelli — FOOTNOTES
18. 18.CHAPTER XIV. THE “LAST DAY OF ITALY” — CHARLES VIII; HIS ARMY (1494 A.D.) — Charles VIII in Rome: A Contemporary Account — Charles goes to Naples — FLORENTINE AFFAIRS; SAVONAROLA — THE FRENCH IN MILAN — THE FRENCH AND SPANIARDS IN NAPLES — NORTHERN ITALY — THE LEAGUE OF CAMBRAY — THE BATTLE OF RAVENNA — THE AGE OF LEO X — The Battle of Marignano; Last Years of Leo — SUCCESSORS OF LEO; FRANCIS I AND CHARLES V — CAPTURE AND SACK OF ROME — THE FALL OF FLORENCE
19. 19.CHAPTER XV. THE BEGINNING OF THE AGE OF SLAVERY — THE SIEGE AND FALL OF SIENA — AN ITALIAN ESTIMATE OF THE ABDICATION OF CHARLES V — RENEWED HOSTILITIES; THE TREATY OF CATEAU-CAMBRÉSIS — A SPANISH ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF LEPANTO — THE GENERAL CONDITION OF ITALY — POPE SIXTUS V; FERDINAND, GRAND DUKE OF TUSCANY — POPE CLEMENT VIII (1590-1605 A.D.)
20. 20.CHAPTER XVI. A CENTURY OF OBSCURITY — GENERAL CONDITIONS — GALILEO AND THE CHURCH — THE SUCCESSORS OF URBAN VIII — LESSER PRINCIPALITIES — TUSCANY — PIEDMONT AND SAVOY — VENICE — Venetian Wars with the Turks
21. 21.CHAPTER XVII. ITALY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY — ITALY IN THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION — WAR OF THE QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE — THE WAR OF THE POLISH SUCCESSION — THE WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION — FORTY YEARS OF “LANGUID PEACE” FOR DIVIDED ITALY — THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES AND SICILY — THE STATES OF THE CHURCH — THE SARDINIAN KINGDOM — THE FOUR REPUBLICS — MILAN AND TUSCANY — A Tuscan Estimate of Leopold — ITALY IN THE REVOLUTIONARY AGE — Time of the French Republic under the National Convention — The Campaign of 1796 and its Consequences — The Expulsion of the French from Italy (1798-1799 A.D. ) — Bonaparte Reconquers Italy — THE GROWING DESIRE FOR LIBERTY — FOOTNOTES
22. 22.CHAPTER XVIII. THE NAPOLEONIC REGIME — THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC — NAPOLEON MAKES ITALY A KINGDOM — THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES AND THE PAPACY — THE ISLANDS OF SICILY AND SARDINIA — THE RISE OF NATIONAL SPIRIT — THE FALL OF NAPOLEON — FOOTNOTES
23. 23.CHAPTER XIX. INEFFECTUAL STRUGGLES — MARRIOTT ON THE RESTORATION — ERRORS OF THE MONARCHY — THE INSURRECTIONS OF 1820-1821 — THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1831 — SASSONE ON MAZZINI AND “YOUNG ITALY” — FYFFE’S ESTIMATE OF MAZZINI — SYMONDS ON THE PROBLEMS AND THE LEADERS — POPE PIUS IX AND HIS LIBERAL POLICY — FOOTNOTES
24. 24.CHAPTER XX. THE LIBERATION OF ITALY — THE WAR BETWEEN NAPLES AND SICILY — REVOLT AGAINST THE POPE; ROME A REPUBLIC — THE FRENCH RESTORE THE POPE — REVOLUTIONS IN TUSCANY AND ELSEWHERE — CHARLES ALBERT’S WAR WITH AUSTRIA — CHARLES ALBERT ABDICATES: VICTOR EMMANUEL II SUCCEEDS — VENICE FAILS TO ACQUIRE FREEDOM — LOUIS NAPOLEON’S INTERVENTION — AUSTRIA DECLARES WAR: MAGENTA AND SOLFERINO — THE PAPACY VS. UNITY — GARIBALDI DRIVES THE BOURBONS FROM SICILY — THE DEATH OF CAVOUR AND THE REVOLT OF GARIBALDI — FLORENCE BECOMES THE CAPITAL — THE WAR OF 1866 AND ANNEXATION OF VENICE — FOOTNOTES
25. 25.CHAPTER XXI. THE COMPLETION OF ITALIAN UNITY — THE REVOLT OF GARIBALDI — THE FRENCH INTERVENE AGAIN: MENTANA, OCTOBER 31ST — THE ROMAN QUESTION RENEWED — PAPAL INFALLIBILITY PROCLAIMED (1869 A.D.) — ROME TAKEN FROM THE POPE (1870 A.D.) — THE PLEBISCITE — ROME AGAIN THE CAPITAL OF ITALY (1871 A.D.) — THE MINGHETTI MINISTRY (1873-1876 A.D.) — DEATH OF VICTOR EMMANUEL AND PIUS IX — FOOTNOTES
26. 26.CHAPTER XXII. RECENT HISTORY — IRREDENTISM, THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE AND “TRASFORMISMO” — THE POWER OF CRISPI — DEATH OF KING HUMBERT, OF CRISPI, AND OF LEO XIII
27. 27.BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS — Chapter I. The Dark Age — Chapter II. Imperial Aggressions of the Twelfth Century — Chapter III. The Normans in Sicily — Chapter IV. The Thirteenth Century — Chapter V. The Free Cities and the Empire ( First Half of the Fourteenth Century ) — Chapter VI. The Vanguard of the Renaissance — Chapter VII. Rome under Rienzi — Chapter VIII. The Despots and Tyrants of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries — Chapter IX. The Maritime Republics of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries — Chapter X. The Commerce of Venice — Chapter XI. The Guilds and the Seigniory in Florence — Chapter XII. Florence under the Medici — Chapter XIII. Aspects of Renaissance Culture — Chapter XIV. The “Last Day of Italy” — Chapter XV. The Beginning of the Age of Slavery — Chapter XVI. A Century of Obscurity — Chapter XVII. The Eighteenth Century — Chapter XVIII. The Napoleonic Régime (1800-1815 A.D. ) — Chapter XIX. Ineffectual Struggles (1815-1847 A.D. ) — Chapter XX. The Liberation of Italy (1848-1866 A.D. ) — Chapter XXI. The Completion of Italian Unity (1867-1878 A.D. ) — Chapter XXII. 1878-1903
28. 28.A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEDIÆVAL AND MODERN ITALY LIST OF AUTHORITIES QUOTED, CITED, OR CONSULTED; WITH CRITICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES
29. 29.A CHRONOLOGICAL RÉSUMÉ OF ITALIAN HISTORY — THE NORTH ITALIAN STATES AND REPUBLICS — FROM THE FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE TO THE ELEVENTH CENTURY (476-1000 A.D. ) — THE ELEVENTH CENTURY — THE TWELFTH CENTURY — THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY — THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY — THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY — THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY — THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY — THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY — THE NINETEENTH CENTURY — THE KINGDOM OF THE TWO SICILIES — The Hohenstaufens (1198-1266 A.D. ) — The House of Anjou (1266-1282 A.D. ) — FIRST SEPARATION OF THE KINGDOM — SECOND UNION (1435-1458 A.D. ) — SECOND SEPARATION — THIRD UNION — THIRD SEPARATION (1713-1720 A.D. ) — FOURTH UNION (1720-1806 A.D. ) — FOURTH SEPARATION — FIFTH UNION

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