The Gentle Shepherd: A Pastoral Comedy

The Publisher being desirous to present the American public with a correct edition of the "Gentle Shepherd," considerable pains have been taken to ascertain the best or standard text. Fortunately, there were, within reach, several of the best editions, as well as others of inferior character. A careful examination of these satisfied us, that, the subscription edition in quarto, printed for the Author by Thomas Ruddiman, in 1728, has higher claims to be considered the standard one, than any other within our knowledge.

For this conclusion, perhaps it might be a sufficient reason to state, that, it was so considered by Andrew Foulis, of Glasgow, who reprinted it in David Allan's celebrated quarto of 1788, undoubtedly the most sumptuous edition of the "Gentle Shepherd" ever published.[1] From the well-known intelligence and proverbial accuracy of the Foulis', and from the fact that the same house reprinted the 10th edition of the Pastoral in 1750, (about eight years before the Author's death,) there can be very little doubt that Andrew Foulis possessed both the means and the inclination to ascertain which was the genuine text, and did so accordingly. But, besides this, the publishers of the octavo of 1798, who seem to have taken unusual pains to give a correct text, have adopted the same edition as the standard, and have given a reprint, still more literal than that of Foulis. Moreover, the same text has been selected for the very elaborate edition of 1808, in two volumes, royal octavo; as well as for the royal quarto, printed by Ballantyne in the same year. It is true the orthography of both these editions of 1808 is altered; that of the octavo being considerably Anglicised; while that of the quarto is changed throughout to the mode of spelling adopted by Burns. The verbal changes, however, are very few.

The text of the editions of 1761, 1800, and 1850, differs, in several places, from that of the editions before-mentioned. A list of the principal variations, with some further remarks, will be found in the Notes to the present edition. We have searched diligently for an explanation of the origin of these variations, but without success. They may belong either to the first edition, or, to some one subsequent to 1728. But, be this as it may, we cannot look upon them as improvements.

Neither have we been able to see any warrant for changes in orthography, such as those we have alluded to: we have rather supposed that readers generally, and especially the admirers of Ramsay, would prefer to see his best poem in precisely the same dress in which he ushered it into the world when his poetical powers were in their prime.

In accordance with these views, we have adopted, as the standard text, the quarto of 1728; of which the present edition is nearly a literal reprint. Some obvious typographical errors we have corrected, and a very few changes in orthography have been made; all of which, with one exception, are authorized by the editions of 1788 and 1798. Some what greater liberties have been taken with the punctuation, but in this also, we have been guided by the same editions, with the aid of the octavo of 1808.

Of the "Songs," the 9th, 11th, and 21st, with the verse at page 57, are the only ones that appear in the quarto of 1728, or in the preceding editions: the remaining eighteen were added, probably, in 1729. In Foulis' edition of 1788, these additional songs are excluded from the body of the poem; but are given, with the music, at the end. Every other edition, that we have seen, contains the whole twenty-one songs inserted in their proper places, as in the present edition. Another song (of which the last verse occurs at page 57) was added subsequently, probably after 1750, for it is not to be found among the other songs belonging to the "Gentle Shepherd," published in that year in the "Tea-table Miscellany."[2] It occurs in the edition of 1761, but it is not in those of 1788 and 1798. We have given it complete in the Notes at page 90. In a foot-note to the "Life" at page xviii, will be found a statement, explanatory of the causes why these additional songs were inserted. We quite agree with the writer of that Note, that they mar the beauty of the poem; and, in this edition, we would have preferred to follow the example of David Allan and Foulis in that of 1788; but, it being the opinion of the Publisher, that the Pastoral, in such a form, would be generally considered incomplete, they have been inserted in the usual manner.

For these eighteen extra songs we have not had what we can consider a standard text: they have been printed from the edition of 1798, collated with those of 1788 and 1808. We also compared them with those in the "Tea-table Miscellany" of 1733, the oldest copy in our possession, and found no difference of any consequence.

The Glossaries heretofore appended to the "Gentle Shepherd" have been, usually, reprints of that given by Ramsay in the quarto of 1728, which was prepared for his Poems, complete: that in the edition of 1800 being considerably enlarged. In the present edition the Glossary has been restricted chiefly to those words and phrases which occur in the Pastoral; of which, upwards of a hundred and fifty have been omitted in every former edition that we have seen: those are now added, with explanations. The rest of the Glossary has been carefully examined, and some corrections made.

In the "Life of Ramsay, by Tennant," we have made one or two corrections; and some additions, derived from various sources, have been inserted. These are distinguished by being enclosed in brackets.

The elaborate Essay by Lord Woodhouselee "on the Genius and Writings of Allan Ramsay," so far as it refers to the "Gentle Shepherd," we have given complete, excepting a few quotations in Italian. To this have been added, opinions and criticisms on the Pastoral, by various celebrated authors. These are not entirely confined to expressions of approbation; that of Pinkerton being quite the reverse, although, as we think, singularly unjust.

The Portrait prefixed to this edition is a careful and accurate copy of the print given by Cadell and Davies, in their edition of 1800; respecting which they make the following statement:—"there is prefixed a portrait of the author, which has been finely engraved by Mr. Ryder, from a drawing which was made by Allan Ramsay, the poet's son; the original of which is now in the possession of A. F. Tytler, Esq., of Edinburgh."

In order that we may not be charged with negligence, we subjoin a list of all the editions of the "Gentle Shepherd" to which we have had access during the preparation of the present edition; with a few slight remarks as to the character of these editions.

Poems:—"Printed for the Author at the Mercury, opposite, to Niddry's Wynd;" 1 vol. medium 8vo. Edinburgh, 1720-1.
This is, perhaps, the first collected edition. It contains exactly the same poems (though differently arranged) and glossary, as the subscription 4to. of 1721. It has the first scene of the Pastoral, and the 11th Song.

Poems:—"Printed by Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, for the Author." 2 vols. 4to. Edinburgh, 1721-28.
This is the subscription and, probably, the "best edition." The 1st volume has the first scene of the Pastoral, and the 11th Song: the 2d volume has the Pastoral complete.

*Poems:—Millar, Rivington, and others; 2 vols. 12mo. London, 1761.
A neat edition, containing exactly the same poems as that of 1721-28.

*Poems:—Phorson; cheap edition; 2 vols. 12mo. Berwick, 1793.

*Poems:—Cadell and Davies; 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1800.
This edition is well printed, on good paper: it is commonly called the "best edition;" but, so far as the "Gentle Shepherd" is concerned, it is not so.

Poems and Proverbs:—Oliver and Co.; 3 vols. 18mo. Edinburgh, no date.
Neat edition, with plates, and music to the Songs in the "Gentle Shepherd."

Poems and Proverbs:—Chapman; 2 vols. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1813.

Poems:—Fairbairn and Anderson; 1 vol. 24mo. Edinburgh, 1819.
Neat but abridged edition; with Life of Ramsay by Wm. Tennant, author of "Anster fair."

*Poems:—Fullarton and Co.; 3 vols. 12mo. London, 1850.
A very neat edition; a reprint of that of 1800, with additions; appendix, &c.

Gentle Shepherd:—Printed by A. Foulis; 4to. Glasgow, 1788.
An elegant and correct edition, with David Allan's plates, and the songs set to music.

Gentle Shepherd:—Geo. Reid and Co.; 8vo. Edinburgh, 1798.
A very accurate edition, with 5 plates.

Gentle Shepherd:—A. Constable and Co., and others: printed by Abernethy and Walker; 2 vols. roy. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1808.
One of the best editions, with many plates and an elaborate dissertation on the scenery, &c. Understood to have been edited by Robert Brown, Esq., advocate.

Gentle Shepherd:—Watt and Baillie, Leith: Printed by Jas. Ballantyne and Co.; Edinburgh. roy. 4to. 1808.
A good edition, (with copies of David Allan's plates,) but the orthography much changed.

Gentle Shepherd:—Griffin and Co.; 32mo. Glasgow, 1828.

In all the above editions, with the exception of those of 1788 and 1798, the orthography of the "Gentle Shepherd" is more or less changed from that of the original quarto of 1728.

The editions marked thus (*) follow a different text of the "Gentle Shepherd" from that of the present edition. See the Notes.

THE LIFE

OF

ALLAN RAMSAY.

Born 1686.—Died 1758.

Allan Ramsay, the restorer of Scottish Poetry, was born on the 15th day of October, 1686, at Leadhills, in the parish of Crawfordmoor, in Lanarkshire. His father, John Ramsay, superintended Lord Hopetoun's lead mines at that place; and his grandfather, Robert Ramsay, a writer or attorney in Edinburgh, had possessed the same appointment: his great-grandfather, Captain John Ramsay, was the son of Ramsay of Cockpen in Mid-Lothian, who was brother of Ramsay of Dalhousie. His mother, Alice Bower, was daughter of Allan Bower, a gentleman of Derbyshire, whom Lord Hopetoun had brought to Scotland to instruct and superintend his miners. His grandmother, Janet Douglas, was daughter of Douglas of Muthil. In his lineage, therefore, our Poet had something to boast of, and, though born to nae lairdship, he fails not to congratulate himself on being sprung from the loins of a Douglas. He did not long enjoy the blessing of paternal care and instruction; for, shortly after his birth, his father died, leaving the widow and family in a condition rather destitute. His mother soon after married a Mr. Crichton, a petty landholder of the same county, by whom she had several children. Under these unfortunate circumstances, young Allan entered upon the career of life; and, for fourteen years he remained in the house of his stepfather, with no other education than was supplied by the school of the parish. Here, surrounded by wild and mountainous scenery, and amid an artless and secluded people, whose manners and language were of patriarchal simplicity, his childhood received those pastoral and Arcadian impressions, which were too lively to be effaced by future habits, however uncongenial, and of which he in his manhood, amid all the artificial life of the city, made so lively and fascinating a transcription.

Of his progress and attainments at school, we have no record. It does not appear that he read much poetry prior to his twentieth year; and his emulation, and ambitious thoughts, of which he says he had some, seem to have slumbered in inactivity, till they were awakened to unceasing exercise by the society and the excitements of Edinburgh.

To Edinburgh he was sent in his fifteenth year, when the felicity of his boyhood had been broken by the death of his mother. We have the assurance of undoubted testimony, that at that early age, when his mind was beginning to search about for the choice of a profession, his wishes were to be a painter; a circumstance too little known, and too little noticed by his biographers, but strongly indicative, in our opinion, of the aspirations of his youthful disposition. While yet in the country, he had been in the practice of amusing himself with copying such prints as he found in the books of his mother's house. This early predilection for an art kindred to that wherein he afterwards excelled, very likely followed bins through life, and led him to devote his son to that favourite study, from which he himself was so harshly precluded. For his stepfather, little consulting the inclination of young Allan, and wishing as soon as possible, and at any rate, to disencumber himself of the charge of his support, bound this nursling of the Muses apprentice to a wig-maker. Lowly as this profession is, it has been vindicated by one of Ramsay's biographers into comparative dignity, by separating it from the kindred business of barber, with which it is vulgarly, and too frequently confounded. Ramsay was never, it seems, a barber; his enemies never blotted him with that ignominy; his calling of "scull-thacker," as he himself ludicrously terms it, was too dignified to be let down into an equality with the men of the razor.

Thus from the beginning his business was with the heads of men. We know not on what authority it is asserted by some of his biographers, that he abandoned this profession on finishing his apprenticeship: he is called wig-maker in the parish record down to the year 1716; and we suspect he continued so till the year 1718, or 1719, for in one of Hamilton's letters to him, dated 24th of July, 1719, mention is made of his "new profession."

He was in 1712 induced, as one of his biographers observes, by the example of other citizens, to enter into the state of marriage. His wife's name was Christian Ross, daughter of a writer in Edinburgh, who brought him, year after year, a numerous family of three sons and five daughters. Of this family, Allan, the eldest, and the only son who survived him, inherited the genius of his father, and, having received a liberal education, became afterwards conspicuous as a scholar, and a painter.[3]

About the year 1711 or 1712 our Poet seems first to have ventured into the regions of rhyme. The clubs and societies of Edinburgh had provoked in him this new passion, and his earliest effort, so far as is known, is an Address, supplicatory of admission, "To the most happy members of the Easy Club," a production bearing every mark of unskilfulness and juvenility. Of this club he was afterwards appointed poet-laureate, in which capacity he was wont to recite to that jolly fraternity his successive productions, for their criticisms and their applause.

Many of these poems were published in a detached form at a penny a-piece, and his name became by this means celebrated in the city. About the year 1716, and ere he relinquished his avocation of wig-maker, he published an edition of the excellent old poem of "Christ's Kirk on the Green," with a second canto by himself. Having thus associated himself in the walks of humour with the King of Scotland, he was induced, by the approbation which he gained, and the rapid sale of the book, to "keep a little more company with these comical characters," and to complete the story, by adding afterwards a third canto. This attempt was crowned with all the success he anticipated, and numerous editions of the work afforded him satisfactory proof, that, in the public opinion, he had not unworthily put himself into partnership with the royal humourist.[4]

Elevated by the distinction his productions had now procured him, and losing at last all liking to a business which was at utter variance with his ambition and darling amusements; he commenced bookseller, most probably in the year 1718, when he was in the thirty-second year of his age. This was a trade at once more congenial to his habits, and more likely to be lucrative, on account of his being already recommended by his authorship to the buyers of books. His first shop as a bookseller was in the High-street opposite to Niddry's-wynd, with the figure of Mercury for his sign. From this shop proceeded, in 1721, a collection of his various poems in one quarto volume, published by subscription, which contained every eminent name in Scotland. It was thus advertised in the Edinburgh Evening Courant: "The poems of Allan Ramsay, in a large quarto volume, fairly printed, with notes, and a complete glossary (as promised to the subscribers), being now finished; all who have generously contributed to carrying on of the design, may call for their copies as soon as they please, from the author, at the Mercury, opposite to Niddry's-wynd, Edinburgh."

From the sale of this volume he realized 400 guineas, which was in those days a very considerable profit on a book of Scottish poetry. In 1722 he gave to the world his Fables and Tales; in the same year his tale of The Three Bonnets; and in 1724 his poem on Health. In January, 1724, he published the first volume of the Tea-table Miscellany, being a collection of Scottish and English songs; this volume was speedily followed by a second; [in 1727] by a third; [and some years afterwards by a fourth; all] under the same title. Hamilton of Bangour, and Mallet, assisted him by their lyrical contributions. Encouraged by the popularity of these books, he published, in October, 1724, the Evergreen, "a collection of Scots poems written by the ingenious before 1600." For the duties of an editor of such a work, it is generally agreed that Ramsay was not well fitted. For, neither had he a complete knowledge of the ancient Scottish language, nor was his literary conscience sufficiently tender and scrupulous to that fidelity, which is required by the office of editor. He abridged, he varied, modernized, and superadded. In that collection first appeared under a feigned signature his Vision, a poem, full of genius, and rich with Jacobitism, but disguising the author and his principles under the thin concealment of antique orthography.

At length appeared in 1725 his master-work, the Gentle Shepherd, of which two scenes had been previously printed, [the first] in 1721, under the title of Patie and Roger, and [the second] in 1723, under that of Jenny and Meggy. [In the quarto of 1721, there is likewise to be found (Sang XI.) the dialogue song between Patie and Peggy, afterwards introduced into the second act.] The reputation he had obtained by these detached scenes, and the admonitions of his friends, who perceived how easily and how happily they could be connected, induced him to re-model and embody them into a regular pastoral drama. Its success corresponded to his own hopes, and to his friends' anticipations. [In the following letter, (published for the first time by R. Chambers in his Scottish Biographical Dictionary, 1835,) it will be seen that he was engaged on this task in spring, 1724.

Allan Ramsay to William Ramsay, of Templehall, Esq.

"Edinburgh, April 8th, 1724.

"Sir,—These come to bear you my very heartyest and grateful wishes. May you long enjoy your Marlefield, see many a returning spring pregnant with new beautys; may everything that's excellent in its kind continue to fill your extended soul with pleasure. Rejoyce in the beneficence of heaven, and let all about ye rejoyce—whilst we, alake, the laborious insects of a smoaky city, hurry about from place to place in one eternal maze of fatiguing cares, to secure this day our daylie bread—and something till't. For me, I have almost forgot how springs gush from the earth. Once, I had a notion how fragrant the fields were after a soft shower; and often, time out of mind! the glowing blushes of the morning have fired my breast with raptures. Then it was that the mixture of rural music echo'd agreeable from the surrounding hills, and all nature appear'd in gayety.

"However, what is wanting to me of rural sweets I endeavour to make up by being continually at the acting of some new farce, for I'm grown, I know not how, so very wise, or at least think so (which is much about one), that the mob of mankind afford me a continual diversion; and this place, tho' little, is crowded with merry-andrews, fools, and fops, of all sizes, [who] intermix'd with a few that can think, compose the comical medley of actors.

"Receive a sang made on the marriage of my young chief.—I am, this vacation, going through with a Dramatick Pastoral, which I design to carry the length of five acts, in verse a' the gate, and if I succeed according to my plan, I hope to tope[5] with the authors of Pastor Fido and Aminta.

"God take care of you and yours, is the constant prayer of, sir, your faithful humble servant,

"ALLAN RAMSAY."

A second edition followed next year, and numerous impressions spread his fame, not only through Scotland, but through the united kingdom, and the colonies. His name became known, principally through this drama, to the wits of England, and Pope took delight in reading his pastoral, the obscurer phraseology of which was interpreted to him by Gay, who, during his residence in Scotland, had been careful to instruct himself in its dialect, that he might act as interpreter to the poet of Twickenham.

In 1726 our Poet, now a thriving bookseller, removed from his original dwelling at the Mercury opposite Niddry's-wynd, to a shop in the east end of the Luckenbooths, which was afterwards occupied by the late Mr. Creech, (whose Fugitive Pieces are well known), and, after his death, by his successor Mr. Fairbairn. With his shop he changed his sign, and leaving Mercury, under the protection of whose witty godship he had so flourished, he set up the friendly heads of Ben Jonson and Drummond of Hawthornden. Here he sold books, and established a circulating library, the first institution of that kind, not only in Scotland, but we believe in Great Britain.[6] The situation being near the Cross, and commanding a full view of the High-street, his shop became the resort of all the wits of the city; and here Gay, who is described by Mr. Tytler, as "a little pleasant-looking man, with a tyewig," used to look out upon the population of Edinburgh, while Ramsay pointed out to him the principal characters as they passed. Of this house no vestiges now remain, for as the beauty and magnificence of the High-street had been long disfigured by the cumbrous and gloomy buildings called the Luckenbooths, they were, a few years ago, completely removed, and the street cleared of that misplaced mass of deformity.

In 1728 he printed in quarto a second volume, containing, [his portrait by Smibert, and,] with other poems, a Masque on the Marriage of the Duke of Hamilton, one of his most ingenious productions; [also the Gentle Shepherd, complete.[7]] Of this quarto an octavo edition followed next year; and so extended was now the circle of his reputation, and so universal the demand for his poems, that the London booksellers published an edition of his Works in 1731, and two years after an edition also appeared at Dublin. His collection of thirty Fables appeared in 1730, when he was in his 45th year, after which period the public received nothing from his pen. "I e'en gave o'er in good time," he says, in his letter to Smibert, "ere the coolness of fancy attending advanced years made me risk the reputation I had acquired."

[The following letter was first published in the Scots Magazine, August, 1784: we give it verbatim et literatim.

Allan Ramsay To Mr. John Smibert,[8] in Boston, New England.

"Edinburgh, May 10, 1736.

"My dear old friend, your health and happiness are ever ane addition to my satisfaction. God make your life ever easy and pleasant—half a century of years have now row'd o'er my pow; yes, row'd o'er my pow, that begins now to be lyart; yet, thanks to my Author, I eat, drink, and sleep as sound as I did twenty years syne; yes, I laugh heartily too, and find as many subjects to employ that faculty upon as ever: fools, fops, and knaves, grow as rank as formerly; yet here and there are to be found good and worthy men, who are an honour to human life. We have medium hopes of seeing you again in our old world; then let us be virtuous, and hope to meet in heaven.—My good auld wife is still my bedfellow: my son, Allan, has been pursuing your science since he was a dozen years auld—was with Mr. Hyssing, at London, for some time, about two years ago; has been since at home, painting here like a Raphael—sets out for the seat of the Beast, beyond the Alps, within a month hence—to be away about two years.—I'm sweer[9] to part with him, but canna stem the current which flows from the advice of his patrons and his own inclinations.—I have three daughters, one of seventeen, one of sixteen, one of twelve years old, and no waly-dragle[10] among them, all fine girls. These six or seven years past, I have not wrote a line of poetry; I e'en gave o'er in good time, before the coolness of fancy that attends advanced years should make me risk the reputation I had acquired.

He now therefore intermeddled no longer with the anxieties of authorship, but sat down in the easy chair of his celebrity to enjoy his laurels and his profits. After a lapse of six years of silence, and of happiness, his ardour for dramatic exhibitions involved him in some circumstances of perplexity, attended, it is believed, with pecuniary loss. As Edinburgh possessed as yet no fixed place for the exhibition of the drama, he endeavoured to supply that deficiency to the citizens, by building, at his own expense a theatre in Carrubber's-close. Shortly after, the Act for licensing the stage was passed, which at once blasted all his hopes of pleasure and advantage; for, the Magistrates availing themselves of the power entrusted to them by the Act, shewed no indulgence to the author of the Gentle Shepherd, but, in the true spirit of that puritanism which reckons as ungodly all jollity of heart, and relaxation of countenance, they shut up his theatre, leaving the citizens without exhilaration, and our poet without redress. This was not all; he was assailed with the satirical mockery of his laughter-hating enemies, who turned against him his own weapons of poetical raillery. Pamphlets appeared, entitled, "The flight of religious piety from Scotland, upon the account of Ramsay's lewd books, and the hell-bred playhouse comedians, who debauch all the faculties of the soul of our rising generation;"—"A looking-glass for Allan Ramsay;"—"The dying words of Allan Ramsay." These maligners, in the bitterness of their sanctimonious resentments, reproached him with "having acquired wealth,"—with "possessing a fine house,"—with "having raised his kin to high degree;" all which vilifications must have carried along with them some secret and sweet consolations into the bosom of our bard. Amid the perplexities caused by the suppression of his theatre, he applied by a poetical petition to his friend the Honourable Duncan Forbes, then Lord President of the Court of Session, in order that he might obtain some compensation for his expenses; but with what success is not recorded by any of his biographers.

His theatrical adventure being thus unexpectedly crushed, he devoted himself to the duties of his shop, and the education of his children. He sent in 1736 his son Allan to Rome, there to study that art by which he rose to such eminence. In the year 1743 he lost his wife, who was buried on the 28th of March in the cemetery of the Greyfriars. He built, probably about this time, a whimsical house of an octagon form, on the north side of the Castle-hill, where his residence is still known by the name of Ramsay-Garden. [The site of this house was selected with the taste of a poet and the judgment of a painter. It commanded a reach of scenery probably not surpassed in Europe, extending from the mouth of the Forth on the east to the Grampians on the west, and stretching far across the green hills of Fife to the north; embracing in the including space every variety of beauty, of elegance, and of grandeur.[14]] This house he deemed a paragon of architectural invention. He showed it with exultation to the late Lord Elibank, telling his Lordship at the same time, that the wags of the town likened it to a "goose-pye:" "Indeed, Allan," replied his Lordship, "now that I see you in it, I think it is well named."

Having for several years before his death retired from business, he gave himself up in this fantastical dwelling to the varied amusements of reading, conversation, and the cultivation of his garden. Being now "loose frae care and strife," he enjoyed, in the calmness and happiness of a philosophical old age, all the fruits of his many and well rewarded labours. A considerable part of every summer was spent in the country with his friends, of whom he had many, distinguished both for talents and rank. The chief of these were, Sir Alexander Dick of Prestonfield, and Sir John Clerk of Pennycuik, one of the Barons of Exchequer, a gentleman who united taste to scholarship, and had patronized and befriended Ramsay from the beginning. This amiable gentleman died in 1756, a loss which must have been severely felt by our Poet, and which he himself did not long survive. He had been afflicted for some time with a scorbutic complaint in his gums, which after depriving him of his teeth, and consuming part of the jaw-bone, at last put an end to his sufferings and his existence on the 7th of January, 1758, in the 72d year of his age. He was interred in the cemetery of Greyfriars' church on the 9th of that month, and in the record of mortality he is simply called, "Allan Ramsay, Poet, who died of old age."

Of his person, Ramsay has given us a minute and pleasant description. He was about five feet four inches high,

"A blackavic'd[15] snod[16] dapper fallow,
Nor lean, nor overlaid with tallow."

He is described by those who knew him towards the latter part of his life, as a squat man, with a belly rather portly, and a countenance full of smiles and good humour. He wore a round goodly wig rather short. His disposition may be easily collected from his writings. He possessed that happy Horatian temperament of mind, that forbids, for its own ease, all entrance to the painful and irascible passions. He was a man rather of pleasantry and laughter, than of resentment and moody malignancy. His enemies, of whom he had some, he did not deem so important as on their account to ruffle his peace of mind, by indulging any reciprocal hostility, by which they would have been flattered. He was kind, benevolent, cheerful; possessing, like Burns, great susceptibility for social joys, but regulating his indulgences more by prudence, and less impetuous and ungovernable than the impassioned poet of Ayrshire. By his genius he elevated himself to the notice of all those of his countrymen who possessed either rank or talents; but these attentions proceeded spontaneously from their admiration of his talents, and were not courted by any servilities or unworthy adulations. Never drawn from business by the seductions of the bowl, or the invitations of the great, he consulted his own respect, and the comfort of his family, by attending to the duties of his shop, which so faithfully and liberally rewarded him. His vanity (that constitutional failing of all bards) is apparent in many of his writings, but it is seasoned with playfulness and good humour. He considered, indeed, that "pride in poets is nae sin," and on one occasion jocularly challenges superiority in the temple of Fame, even to Peter the Great of Russia, by saying, "But haud, proud Czar, I wadna niffer[17] fame."—He is called by Mr. William Tytler, who enjoyed his familiarity, "an honest man, and of great pleasantry."

Of learning he had but little, yet he understood Horace faintly in the original; a congenial author, with whom he seems to have been much delighted, and in the perusal of whose writings he was assisted by Ruddiman. He read French, but knew nothing of Greek. He did not, however, like Burns, make an appearance of vilifying that learning of which he was so medium a partaker; he bewailed his "own little knowledge of it;" and, like the Ayrshire bard, he was sufficiently ostentatious and pedantic in the display of what little he possessed.

He composed his verses with little effort or labour; his poetry seems to have evaporated lightly and airily from the surface of a mind always jocose and at its ease. And as it lightly came, he was wont to say, so it lightly went; for after composition, he dismissed it from his mind without further care or anxiety.

In 1759 an elegant obelisk was erected to the memory of Ramsay, by Sir James Clerk, at his family-seat of Pennycuik, containing the following inscription:

Allano Ramsay, Poetae egregio,
Qui Fatis concessit VII. Jan. MDCCLVIII.
Amico paterno et suo,
Monumentum inscribi jussit
D. Jacobus Clerk.
Anno MDCCLIX.

At Woodhouselee, near the [supposed] scene of the Gentle Shepherd,[18] a rustic temple was dedicated, by the late learned and accomplished Lord Woodhouselee, with the Inscription

Allano Ramsay, et Genio Loci.

REMARKS ON THE WRITINGS OF ALLAN RAMSAY.

BY W. TENNANT.

Of Ramsay's Poems, the largest, and that on which his fame chiefly rests, is his Gentle Shepherd. Though some of his mediumer poems contain passages of greater smartness, yet its more general interest as a whole, and the uniformity of talent visible in its scenes, render it one of the finest specimens of his genius. We have no hesitation in asserting, that it is one of the best pastoral dramas in the wide circle of European literature; an excellent production in a department of writing in which the English language has as yet nothing to boast of. While other modern tongues have been enriching themselves with pastoral, the English, copious in all other kinds, continues, in this, barren and deficient. No English production, therefore, can enter into competition with the Gentle Shepherd. We must look to the south of Europe for similar and rival productions, with which it can be compared. The shepherd plays of Tasso, and Guarini, and Bonarelli, contain more invention, and splendour, and variety of incident and of dialogue, than our Scottish drama; but they have also more conceit and flimsiness of sentiment, more artifice of language, more unnatural and discordant contrivance of fable. In its plot, the Gentle Shepherd is simple and natural, founded on a story whose circumstances, if they did not really happen, are at least far within the compass of verisimilitude. Its development is completed by means interesting but probable, without the intervention of gods, or satyrs, or oracles, or such heathenish and preposterous machinery. The characters of the Gentle Shepherd are all framed by the hand of one evidently well acquainted with rural life and manners. They are not the puling, sickly, and unimpressive phantoms that people the bowers of Italian pastoral; they are lively, stirring creatures, bearing in their countenances the hardy lineaments of the country, and expressing themselves with a plainness, and downright sincerity, with which every mind sympathizes. They are rustics, it is true, but they are polished, not only by their proximity to the metropolis, but by the influence of the principal shepherd, who, besides the gentility of blood that operates in his veins,

———————————also reads and speaks,
With them that kens them, Latin words and Greeks.

The situations in which the persons are placed are so ingeniously devised, as to draw forth from their bosoms all those feelings and passions which accompany the shepherd, life, and which are described with a happiness and a simplicity, the truer to nature, on account of its being removed from that over-wrought outrageousness of passion which we sometimes think is the fault of modern writing. The tenderness of correspondent affections,—the hesitation and anxiety of a timid lover,—the mutual bliss on the mutual discovery of long concealed attachment,—the uneasiness of jealousy, with the humorous and condign punishment of its evil devices,—the fidelity of the shepherd notwithstanding his elevation to an unexpected rank,—the general happiness that crowns, and winds up the whole, are all impressively and vividly delineated.

With regard to its sentiments, the Gentle Shepherd has nothing to be ashamed of; though in a very few places coarse, the thoughts are nowhere impure; they have somewhat of the purity of Gesner, with rather more vivacity and vigour. There is no affectation; every character thinks as country people generally do, artlessly, and according to nature. With regard to its language, we know not whether to say much, or to say little. Much has been already said, to redeem from the charge of vulgarity a language once courtly and dignified, but now associated with meanness of thought, and rudeness of manners. We do not think it necessary, however, to stand up in defence of a dialect which has, since the days of Ramsay, been ennobled by the poems of Burns, and is eternized more lately in the tales of that mighty genius, who sits on the summit of Northern Literature, and flashes forth from behind his cloud his vivid and his fiery productions. In the use of this dialect, Ramsay is extremely fortunate; for Scottish shepherds he could have employed none other; and he wields his weapon with a dexterity which we do not think has been since exceeded. Out of his own familiar language, he is indeed heavy and wearisome; English armour is too cumbrous for him; he cannot move in it with grace and activity. We find, accordingly, that in his Gentle Shepherd the most unskilful passages are in English, without beauty or energy; whereas his Scottish has in it a felicity which has rendered it popular with all ranks, and caused his verses to pass with proverbial currency among the peasants of his native country.

Next in value to his Gentle Shepherd, we think, are his imitations of Horace. To this good-humoured author Ramsay had, from congeniality of mind, a strong predilection; and he in some places has fully equalled, if not surpassed, his prototype in happy hits of expression. Pope himself is not so fortunate. Take for instance,

Daring and unco stout he was,
With heart hool'd in three sloughs[20] of brass,
Wha ventur'd first on the rough sea,
With hempen branks,[21] and horse of tree.

Again,

Be sure ye dinna quat the grip
O' ilka joy when ye are young,
Before auld age your vitals nip,
And lay ye twafald o'er a rung.[22]

In his Vision there is more grandeur, and a nearer approach to sublimity than in any other of his poems. He is indeed, here, superior to himself, and comes nearer to the strength and splendour of Dunbar, whose antiquated style he copied. The 5th stanza may be a specimen.

Grit[23] daring dartit frae his ee,
A braid-sword schogled[24]at his thie,[25]
On his left arm a targe;
A shinnand[26] speir filld his richt hand,
Of stalwart[27] mak, in bane and brawnd,
Of just proportions large;
A various rainbow-colourt plaid
Owre[28] his left spawl[29] he threw,
Doun his braid back, frae his quhyte[30] heid,
The silver wymplers[31] grew.

His Tales and Fables, a species of writing which he himself deemed as "casten for his share," display great ease and readiness of versification, with much comic vivacity. The best of these are the Twa Cats and the Cheese; the Lure, in which the Falconer's "foregathering with auld Symmie" is excellently described; and the Monk and the Miller's Wife, for the story of which he is indebted to Dunbar. As a song writer we are not inclined to give Ramsay a very high place. His mind had not those deep and energetic workings of feeling that fitted Burns so admirably for this difficult species of writing. He is stiff, where passion is required; and is most easy, as usual, where he is comic. Several of his songs yet retain their popularity; but even of these none are without some faults. We prefer the Highland Laddie, Gie me a Lass wi' a Lump o' Land, The Carle he came o'er the Craft, The Lass of Patie's Mill and Jenny Nettles.

His Christ's Kirk is no mean effort of his muse; the idea of continuing King James's production was good, and he has executed it happily. Ramsay's humour must, however, be acknowledged to be inferior to the pure, strong, irresistible merriment that shines even through the dim and nearly obsolete language of his royal master. In the Third Canto, the morning, with its effect on the crapulous assemblage, is well painted.

Now frae east nook o' Fife the dawn
Speel'd[32] westlins up the lift,
Carles wha heard the cock had crawn
Begoud, &c.

An' greedy wives, wi' girning thrawn,
Cry'd lasses up to thrift;
Dogs barked, an' the lads frae hand
Bang'd[33] to their breeks,[34] like drift,
       Be break o' day

Of a character similar to the first two lines of the above stanza, are the following other passages of Ramsay's works, which remind us a little of the Italian poets;—

Now Sol wi' his lang whip gae cracks
Upon his nichering coosers'[35] backs,
To gar them tak th' Olympian brae,
Wi' a cart-lade o' bleezing day.
          Tale of the Three Bonnets.

And ere the sun, though he be dry,
Has driven down the westlin sky,
To drink his wamefu' o' the sea.
          Fables and Tales.

Soon as the clear goodman o' day
Does bend his morning draught o' dew.
          Fables and Tales.

To sum up our opinion of Ramsay's merits as a poet—he was fortunate, and he deserved well, in being the first to redeem the Muse of Scotland from wasting her strength in a dead language, which, since the days of Buchanan, had been the freezing vehicle of her exertions. He re-established the popularity of a dialect, which, since the removal of the Scottish Court, had received no honour from the pen of genius, but which, near two hundred years before, had been sublimed into poetical dignity by Dunbar and the bards of that age. To Ramsay, and to his treasures of Scottish phraseology, succeeding poets have been much indebted; he knew the language well, and had imbibed the facetious and colloquial spirit of its idioms. Ramsay, therefore, when he employs his beloved dialect, manages it masterly, and, though never lofty, he is always at his ease: Burns, in his highest flights, soared out of it. The genius of the first was pleasing, placid, versatile, in quest rather of knacks, and felicities of expression, than originating bold and masculine thoughts: The genius of the latter was richer, more original, more impressive, and formidable, but less equal, and less careful of the niceties and tricks of phraseology. The tone of Ramsay's mind was good-humoured composure, and facile pleasantry; of Burns's, intensity of feeling, tenderness, and daring elevation approaching to sublimity. Of Burns's superiority no man is doubtful; but Ramsay's merits will not be forgotten; and the names of both will be forever cherished by the lovers of Scottish poetry.

ESSAY

ON

RAMSAY'S GENTLE SHEPHERD.

By Lord Woodhouselee.

As the writings of Allan Ramsay have now stood the test of the public judgment, during more than seventy years;[36] and, in the opinion of the best critics, he seems to bid fair to maintain his station among our poets, it may be no unpleasing, nor uninstructive employment, to examine the grounds, on which that judgment is founded; to ascertain the rank, which he holds in the scale of merit; and to state the reasons, that may be given, for assigning him that distinguished place among the original poets of his country, to which I conceive he is entitled.

The genius of Ramsay was original; and the powers of his untutored mind were the gift of nature, freely exercising itself within the sphere of its own observation. Born in a wild country, and accustomed to the society of its rustic inhabitants, the poet's talents found their first exercise in observing the varied aspects of the mountains, rivers, and vallies; and the no less varied, though simple manners, of the rude people, with whom he conversed. He viewed the former with the enthusiasm which, in early childhood, is the inseparable attendant of genius; and on the latter he remarked, with that sagacity of discriminating observation, which instructed the future moralist, and gave the original intimations to the contemporary satirist. With this predisposition of mind, it is natural to imagine, that the education, which he certainly received, opened to him such sources of instruction as English literature could furnish; and his kindred talents directed his reading chiefly to such of the poets as occasion threw in his way.

Inheriting that ardour of feeling, which is generally accompanied with strong sentiments of moral excellence, and keenly awake even to those slighter deviations from propriety, which constitute the foibles of human conduct, he learned, as it were from intuition, the glowing language, which is best fitted for the scourge of vice; as well as the biting ridicule, which is the most suitable corrective of gross impropriety, without deviating into personal lampoon.

A consciousness of his own talents induced Ramsay to aspire beyond the situation of a mere mechanic; and the early notice, which his first poetical productions procured him, was a natural motive for the experiment of a more liberal profession, which connected him easily with those men of wit, who admired, and patronised him. As a book-seller, he had access to a more respectable class in society. We may discern, in the general tenor of his compositions, a respectful demeanour towards the great, and the rich, which, though it never descends to adulation or servility, and generally seeks for an apology in some better endowments than mere birth or fortune, is yet a sensible mark, that these circumstances had a strong influence on his mind.

As he extended the sphere of his acquaintance, we may presume, that his knowledge of men, and acquaintance with manners, were enlarged; and, in his latter compositions, we may discern a sufficient intelligence of those general topics, which engaged the public attention. The habits of polite life, and the subjects of fashionable conversation, were become familiar, at this time, to the citizens of Edinburgh, from the periodical papers of Addison and Steele; and the wits of Balfour's Coffee-house, Forrester, Falconer, Bennet, Clerk, Hamilton of Bangour, Preston, and Crawford,[37] were a miniature of the society, which was to be met with at Will's and Button's.

The political principles of Ramsay were those of an old Scotsman, proud of his country, delighted to call to mind its ancient honours, while it held the rank of a distinct kingdom, and attached to the succession of its ancient princes. Of similar sentiments, at that time, were many of the Scotish gentry. The chief friends of the poet were probably men, whose sentiments on those subjects agreed with his own; and the Easy Club, of which he was an original member, consisted of youths who were anti-unionists. Yet, among the patrons of Ramsay, were some men of rank, who were actuated by very different principles, and whose official situation would have made it improper for them, openly, to countenance a poet, whose opinions were obnoxious to the rulers of his country. Of this he was aware; and putting a just value on the friendship of those distinguished persons, he learnt to be cautious in the expression of any opinions, which might risk the forfeiture of their esteem: hence he is known to have suppressed some of his earlier productions, which had appeared only in manuscript; and others, which prudence forbad him to publish, were ushered into the world without his name, and even with false signatures. Among the former was a poem to the memory of the justly celebrated Dr. Pitcairne, which was printed by the Easy Club, but never published; and among the latter, is The Vision, which he printed in the Evergreen, with the signature of Ar. Scot.[38]

In Ramsay's Vision, the author, in order to aid the deception, has made use of a more antiquated phraseology, than that, which we find in his other Scotish poems: but, it evidently appears from this attempt, and from the two cantos, which he added to King James the First's ludicrous satire of Christ's Kirk on the Green, that Ramsay was not much skilled in the ancient Scotish dialect. Indeed the Glossary, which he annexed to the two quarto volumes of his poems, wherein are many erroneous interpretations, is of itself sufficient proof of this assertion. In compiling the Glossary of his Evergreen, Lord Hailes has remarked, that he does not seem ever to have consulted the Glossary to Douglas's Virgil; "and yet they who have not consulted it, cannot acquire a competent knowledge of the ancient Scotish dialect, unless by infinite and ungrateful labour."[39] A part of this labour undoubtedly may be ascribed to Ramsay, when he selected and transcribed, from the Bannatyne manuscript, those ancient poems, which chiefly compose the two volumes of his Evergreen: and hence, it is probable, he derived the most of what he knew of the older dialect of his country. His own stock was nothing else than the oral language of the farmers of the Lothians, and the common talk of the citizens of Edinburgh, to which his ears were constantly accustomed. A Scotsman, in the age of Ramsay, generally wrote in English; that is, he imitated the style of the English writers; but when he spoke, he used the language of his country. The sole peculiarity of the style of Ramsay is, that he transferred the oral language to his writings. He could write, as some of his compositions evince, in a style which may be properly termed English verse; but he wrote with more ease in the Scotish dialect, and he preferred it, as judging, not unreasonably, that it conferred a kind of Doric simplicity, which, when he wished to paint with fidelity the manners of his countrymen, and the peculiarities of the lower orders, was extremely suitable to such subjects.

From these considerations, one cannot but wonder at the observation, which is sometimes made even by Scotsmen of good taste, that the language of The Gentle Shepherd disgusts from its vulgarity. It is true, that in the present day, the Scotish dialect is heard only in the mouths of the lowest of the populace, in whom it is generally associated with vulgarity of sentiment; but those critics should recollect, that it was the language of the Scotish people, which was to be imitated, and that too of the people upwards of a century ago, if we carry our mind back to the epoch of the scene.

If Ramsay had made the shepherds of the Lowlands of Scotland, in the middle of the seventeenth century, speak correct English, how preposterous would have been such a composition! But, with perfect propriety, he gave them the language which belonged to them; and if the sentiments of the speakers be not reproachable with unnecessary vulgarity, we cannot with justice associate vulgarism with a dialect, which in itself is proper, and in its application is characteristic. After all, what is the language of Ramsay, but the common speech of Yorkshire during the last century?[40]

But, as associated ideas arise only where the connection is either in itself necessary, or the relation is so intimate, the two ideas are seldom found disunited; so of late years, that disunion has taken place in a twofold manner; for the language, even of the common people of Scotland, is gradually refining, and coming nearer to the English standard; and it has fortunately happened, that the Scotish dialect has lately been employed in compositions of transcendant merit, which have not only exhibited the finest strokes of the pathetic, but have attained even to a high pitch of the sublime. For the truth of this observation, we may appeal to The Cotter's Saturday Night, and The Vision of Burns. In these, the language, so far from conveying the idea of vulgarity, appears most eminently suited to the sentiment, which seems to derive, from its simplicity, additional tenderness, and superior elevation.

The Scots, and the English, languages are, indeed, nothing more than different dialects of the same radical tongue, namely, the Anglo-Saxon; and, setting prejudice apart, (which every preference, arising from such associations, as we have mentioned, must be,) it would not perhaps be difficult, on a fair investigation of the actual merits of both the dialects, to assert the superior advantages of the Scotish to the English, for many species of original composition. But a discussion of this kind would lead too far; and it is but incidentally connected with the proper subject of these remarks.[41] It is enough to say, that the merits of those very compositions, on which we are now to offer some remarks, are of themselves a sufficient demonstration of the powers of that language in which, chiefly, they are composed, for many, if not for all the purposes of poetry.

(Remarks on Ramsay's miscellaneous poems are here omitted.)

In the year 1725, Ramsay published his pastoral comedy of The Gentle Shepherd, the noblest and most permanent monument of his fame. A few years before, he had published, in a single sheet, A Pastoral Dialogue between Patie and Roger, which was reprinted in the first collection of his poems, in 1721. This composition being much admired, his literary friends urged him to extend his plan to a regular drama: and to this fortunate suggestion the literary world is indebted for one of the most perfect pastoral poems that has ever appeared.[42]

The pastoral drama is an invention of the moderns. The first who attempted this species of poetry was Agostino de Beccari, in his Sacrificio Favola Pastorale, printed in 1553. Tasso is supposed to have taken the hint from him; and is allowed, in his Aminta, published in 1573, to have far surpassed his master. Guarini followed, whose Pastor Fido contends for the palm with the Aminta, and, in the general opinion of the Italians, is judged to have obtained it. Tasso himself is said to have confessed the superior merit of his rival's work; but to have added, in his own defence, that had Guarini never seen his Aminta, he never would have surpassed it. Yet, I think, there is little doubt, that this preference is ill-founded. Both these compositions have resplendent beauties, with glaring defects and improprieties. I am, however, much mistaken, if the latter are not more abundant in the Pastor Fido, as the former are predominant in the Aminta. Both will ever be admired, for beauty of poetical expression, for rich imagery, and for detached sentiments of equal delicacy and tenderness: but the fable, both of the Aminta, and Pastor Fido, errs against all probability; and the general language and sentiments of the characters are utterly remote from nature. The fable of the Aminta is not dramatic; for it is such, that the principal incidents, on which the plot turns, are incapable of representation: the beautiful Silvia, stripped naked, and bound by her hair to a tree by a brutal satyr, and released by her lover Amyntas;—her flight from the wolves;—the precipitation of Amyntas from a high rock, who narrowly escapes being dashed in pieces, by having his fall broken by the stump of a tree;—are all incidents, incapable of being represented to the eye; and must therefore be thrown into narration. The whole of the last act is narrative, and is taken up entirely with the history of Amyntas's fall, and the happy change produced in the heart of the rigorous Silvia, when she found her lover thus miraculously preserved from the cruel death, to which her barbarity had prompted him to expose himself.

Yet, the fable of the Aminta, unnatural and undramatic, as it is, has the merit of simplicity. That of the Pastor Fido, equally unnatural and incredible, has the additional demerit of being complicated as well as absurd. The distress of Amyntas, arising from an adequate and natural cause—rejected love, excites our sympathy; but the distress in the Pastor Fido is altogether chimerical; we have no sympathy with the calamities arising from the indignation of Diana, or the supposed necessity of accomplishing the absurd and whimsical response of an oracle. We cannot be affected by the passions of fictitious beings. The love of a satyr has nothing in it but what is odious and disgusting.

The defects of these celebrated poems have arisen from the erroneous idea entertained by their authors, that the province of this species of poetry was not to imitate nature, but to paint that chimerical state of society, which is termed the golden age. Mr. Addison, who, in the Guardian, has treated the subject of pastoral poetry at considerable length, has drawn his critical rules from that absurd principle; for he lays it down as a maxim, that, to form a right judgment of pastoral poetry, it is necessary to cast back our eyes on the first ages of the world, and inquire into the manners of men, "before they were formed into large societies, cities built, or commerce established: a state," says he, "of ease, innocence, and contentment; where plenty begot pleasure, and pleasure begot singing, and singing begot poetry, and poetry begot singing again:" a description this, which is so fantastical, as would almost persuade us, that the writer meant to ridicule his own doctrine, if the general strain of his criticism did not convince us it was seriously delivered. Is it necessary to prove, that this notion of pastoral poetry, however founded, in the practice of celebrated writers, has no foundation in fact, no basis in reason, nor conformity to good sense? To a just taste, and unadulterated feelings, the natural beauties of the country, the simple manners, rustic occupations, and rural enjoyments of its inhabitants, brought into view by the medium of a well-contrived dramatic fable, must afford a much higher degree of pleasure, than any chimerical fiction, in which Arcadian nymphs and swains hold intercourse with Pan and his attendant fauns and satyrs. If the position be disputed, let the Gentle Shepherd be fairly compared with the Aminta, and, Pastor Fido.

The story of the Gentle Shepherd is fitted to excite the warmest interest, because the situations, into which the characters are thrown, are strongly affecting, whilst they are strictly consonant to nature and probability. The whole of the fable is authorized by the circumstances of the times, in which the action of the piece is laid. The era of Cromwell's usurpation, when many loyal subjects, sharing the misfortunes of their exiled sovereign, were stripped of their estates, and then left to the neglect and desolation of forfeiture; the necessity under which those unhappy sufferers often lay, of leaving their infant progeny under the charge of some humble but attached dependant, till better days should dawn upon their fortunes; the criminal advantages taken by false friends in usurping the rights of the sufferers, and securing themselves against future question by deeds of guilt; these circumstances, too well founded in truth, and nature, are sufficient to account for every particular in this most interesting drama, and give it perfect verisimilitude.

The fables of the Aminta and Pastor Fido, drawn from a state of society which never had an existence, are, for that reason, incapable of exciting any high degree of interest; and the mind cannot for a moment remain under the influence of that deception, which it is the great purpose of the drama to produce.

The characters or persons of the Italian pastorals are coy nymphs and swains, whose sole occupation is hunting wild beasts, brutal satyrs who plot against the chastity of those nymphs, shepherds deriving their origin from the gods, stupid priests of these gods who are the dupes of their ambiguous will, and gods themselves disguised like shepherds, and influencing the conduct and issue of the piece. The manners of these unnatural and fictitious beings are proper to their ideal character. A dull moralizing chorus is found necessary to explain what the characters themselves must have left untold, or unintelligible.

The persons of the Scotish pastoral are the actual inhabitants of the country where the scene is laid; their manners are drawn from nature with a faithful pencil. The contrast of the different characters is happily imagined, and supported with consummate skill. Patie, of a cheerful and sanguine temperament; spirited, yet free from vain ambition; contented with his humble lot; endowed by nature with a superior understanding, and feeling in himself those internal sources of satisfaction, which are independent of the adventitious circumstances of rank and fortune. Roger, of a grave and phlegmatic constitution; of kind affections, but of that ordinary turn of mind, which is apt to suppose some necessary connection between the possession of wealth and felicity. The former, from native dignity of character, assuming a bold pre-eminence, and acting the part of a tutor and counsellor to his friend, who bends, though with some reluctance, to the authority of a nobler mind. The principal female characters are contrasted with similar skill, and equal power of discrimination. Peggy, beautiful in person as in mind, endowed with every quality that can adorn the character of woman; gentle, tender-hearted, constant in affection, free from vanity as from caprice; of excellent understanding; judging of others by the criterion of her own innocent mind, and therefore forming the most amiable views of human nature. Jenny, sensible and affectionate, sprightly and satirical; possessing the ordinary qualities of her sex, self-love, simulation, and the passion of conquest; and pleased with exercising a capricious dominion over the mind of a lover; judging of mankind rather from the cold maxims of instilled prudential caution, than from the native suggestions of the heart.—A contrast of characters strongly and skilfully opposed, and therefore each most admirably fitted to bring the other into full display.

The subordinate persons of the drama are drawn with equal skill and fidelity to their prototypes. Glaud and Symon are the genuine pictures of the old Scotish yeomanry, the Lothian farmers of the last age, in their manners, sentiments, and modes of life; humble, but respectable; homely, yet comfortable. The episode of Bauldy, while it gives a pleasing variety, without interrupting the principal action, serves to introduce a character of a different species, as a foil to the honest and simple worth of the former. It paints in strong colours, and exposes to merited reprobation and contempt, that low and sordid mind, which seeks alone the gratification of its own desires, though purchased by the misery of the object of its affection. Bauldy congratulates himself on the cruel disappointment of Peggy's love;—"I hope we'll a' sleep sound, but ane, this night;"—and judges her present situation of deep distress to be the most favourable moment for preferring his own suit. His punishment, as it is suitable to his demerits, gives entire satisfaction.

The Aminta, and Pastor Fido, abound in beautiful sentiments, and passages of the most tender and natural simplicity; but it is seldom we find a single page, in which this pleasing impression is not effaced by some affected and forced conceit. Nothing can be more delicately beautiful, or more agreeable to the true simplicity of pastoral, than Amyntas's recounting to Tircis the rise of his passion for Silvia. The description of their joint occupations and sports, till love insensibly arose in the breast of Tircis; the natural and innocent device he employed to obtain a kiss from Silvia; the discovery of his affection, and his despair on finding her heart insensible to his passion, are proofs that Tasso was a true poet, and knew [how] to touch those strings, with which our genuine feelings must ever harmonize. In elegant and just description he is equally to be admired. The scene in which Tircis describes the lovely Silvia bound naked to a tree by a brutal satyr, and released by Amyntas, whose passion she treated with scorn, is one of the most beautiful pieces of poetic painting. But, when Amyntas, unloosing his disdainful mistress, addresses himself to the tree, to which she was tied; when he declares its rugged trunk to be unworthy of the bonds of that beautiful hair, which encircled it, and reproaches its cruelty in tearing and disfiguring those charming tresses, we laugh at such despicable conceits, and lament that vicious taste, to which even a true poet found himself (we presume against his better judgment) so often compelled to sacrifice. So likewise when, forgetting nature, he resorts to the ordinary cant of pastoral, the language and thoughts of Theocritus and Virgil, and even superadds to those common-places, the false refinement, which in his age delighted his countrymen, we turn with dissatisfaction from his page. If we compare him, where the similarity of the subject allows a comparison, with the Scotish poet, how poor does the Italian appear in the competition!

Thus, let the first scene of the Aminta, between Silvia and Daphne, be compared with the scene between Jenny and Peggy, in the Gentle Shepherd. The subject of both is the preference between a single and a married life:

By a similar strain of argument, Linco, in the Pastor Fido, endeavours to persuade Silvio to love, whose sole delight is in the chase, and who tells his adviser, that he would not give one wild beast, taken by his dog Melampo, for a thousand beautiful nymphs. Linco bids him "See how all nature loves, the heavens, the earth, the sea; and that beautiful morning star that now shines so bright, she likewise loves, and shines more splendid from her amorous flame: see how she blushes, for now perhaps she has just left the stolen embraces of her lover. The woods, and all their savage inhabitants, the seas, the dolphins. the huge whales, &c., &c."

How poor is all this refinement and conceit, when compared with the language of truth and nature! When Pegg, in the confidence of a wamr and innocent heart, describes to her copanion the delights of a mutual passion, the enjoyments of domestic bliss, and the happiness arising from the exercise of the parental duties and affections; contrasting these with the cold and selfish feelings of determined celibacy, it is nature that speaks in every line, and the heart yields its warmest sympathy, as the judgment its complete conviction:

To the sarcastical picture which Jenny draws of the anxieties and turmoil of a wedded life, Peggy thus warmly replies:

Such are the sentiments of nature; nor is the language, in which they are conveyed, inadequate to their force and tenderness: for to those who understand the Scotish dialect, the expression will be found to be as beautiful as the thought. It is in those touches of simple nature, those artless descriptions, of which the heart instantly feels the force, thus confessing their consonance to truth, that Ramsay excels all the pastoral poets that ever wrote.

Thus Patie to Peggy, assuring her of the constancy of his affection:

Let this be contrasted with its corresponding sentiment in the Pastor Fido, when Mirtillo thus pleads the constancy of his affection for Amaryllis:

(and mark the pledge of this assurance)

The charm of the Gentle Shepherd arises equally from the nature of the passions, which are there delineated, and the engaging simplicity and truth, with which their effects are described. The poet paints an honourable and virtuous affection between a youthful pair of the most amiable character; a passion indulged on each side from the purest and most disinterested motives, surmounting the severest of all trials—the unexpected elevation of the lover to a rank which, according to the maxims of the world, would preclude the possibility of union; and crowned at length by the delightful and most unlooked for discovery, that this union is not only equal as to the condition of the parties, but is an act of retributive justice. In the anxious suspense, that precedes this discovery, the conflict of generous passions in the breasts of the two lovers is drawn with consummate art, and gives rise to a scene of the utmost tenderness, and the most pathetic interest. Cold indeed must be that heart, and dead to the finest sensibilities of our nature, which can read without emotion the interview between Patie and Peggy, after the discovery of Patie's elevated birth, which the following lines describe:

With similar fervent assurances of the constancy of his affection, Patie prevails in calming the agitation of Peggy's mind, and banishing her fears. She declares she will patiently await the happy period of his return, soothing the long interval with prayers for his welfare, and sedulous endeavours to improve and accomplish her mind, that she may be the more worthy of his affection. The scene concludes with an effusion of her heart in a sentiment of inimitable tenderness and beauty:

To a passion at once so pure, so delicate, so fervent, and so disinterested in its object, with what propriety may we apply that beautiful apostrophe of Burns, in his Cottar's Saturday Night!

In intimate knowledge of human nature Ramsay yields to few poets either of ancient or of modern times. How naturally does poor Roger conjecture the insensibility of his mistress to his passion, from the following simple, but finely-imagined circumstances:

The counsel, which Patie gives his friend, to prove with certainty the state of Jenny's affections, is the result of a profound acquaintance with the human heart:

Then follows a picture so natural, and at the same time so exquisitely beautiful, that there is nothing in antiquity that can parallel it:

If, at times, we discern in the Aminta the proofs of a knowledge of the human heart, and the simple and genuine language of nature, our emotions of pleasure are soon checked by some frivolous stroke of refinement, or some cold conceit. In the Pastor Fido, the latter impression is entirely predominant, and we are seldom gratified with any thing like a natural or simple sentiment. The character of Silvio, utterly insensible to the charms of beauty or of female excellence, and who repays an ardent passion with insolence and hatred, if it exists at all in nature, is fitted only to excite contempt and detestation. Dorinda's courtship of Silvio is equally nauseous, and the stratagem she employs to gain his love is alike unnatural. She steals and hides his favourite dog Melampo, and then throwing herself in his way while he is whooping after him through the forest, tells him she has found both the dog and a wounded doe, and claims her reward for the discovery. "What shall that be?" says Silvio.—"Only," replies the nymph, "one of those things that your mother so often gives you."—"What," says he, "a box o' the ear?"—"Nay, nay, but," says Dorinda, "does she never give thee a kiss?"—"She neither kisses me, nor wants that others should kiss me."—The dog is produced, and Silvio asks, "Where is the doe?"—"That poor doe," says she, "am I." A petulance which, though rudely, we cannot say is unjustly punished, by Silvio giving a thousand kisses to his dear dog, and leaving the forward nymph, with a flat assurance of his hatred, to ruminate on his scorn, and her own indelicacy. If this is nature, it is at least not la belle nature.

But the circumstance, on which turns the conversion of the obdurate Silvio, bids defiance even to possibility. Hunting in the forest, he holds a long discourse with an echo, and is half persuaded, by the reflected sounds of his own voice, that there is some real pleasure in love, and that he himself must one day yield to its influence. Dorinda clothes herself in the skin of a wolf, and is shot by him with an arrow, mistaking her for that animal. Then all at once he becomes her most passionate lover, sucks out the barb of the arrow with a plaister of green herbs, and swears to marry her on her recovery, which, by the favour of the gods, is fortunately accomplished in an instant.

Equally unnatural with the fable are the sentiments of this pastoral. Amaryllis, passionately adored by Mirtillo, and secretly loving him, employs a long and refined metaphysical argument to persuade him, that if he really loves her, he ought to love her virtue; and that man's true glory lies in curbing his appetites. The moral chorus seems to have notions of love much more consonant to human nature, who discourses for a quarter of an hour on the different kinds of kisses, and the supreme pleasure felt, when they are the expression of a mutual passion. But we need no chorus to elucidate arcana of this nature.

True it is that in this drama, as in the Aminta, there are passages of such transcendent beauty, of such high poetic merit, that we cannot wonder if, to many readers, they should veil every absurdity of fable, or of the general strain of sentiment: for who is there that can read the apostrophe of Amaryllis to the groves and woods, the eulogy of rural

Care selve beate, &c.;

the charming address of Mirtillo to the spring—

O primavera gioventi del anno, &c.;

or the fanciful, but inspired description of the age of gold—

O bella età de l'oro! &c.;

who is there that can read these passages without the highest admiration and delight? but it must at the same time be owned, that the merit of these Italian poets lies in those highly finished, but thinly sown passages of splendour; and not in the structure of their fables, or the consonance of their general sentiments to truth and nature.

The principal difficulty in pastoral poetry, when it attempts an actual delineation of nature, (which we have seen is too seldom its object,) lies in the association of delicate and affecting sentiments with the genuine manners of rustic life; an union so difficult to be accomplished, that the chief pastoral poets, both ancient and modern, have either entirely abandoned the attempt, by choosing to paint a fabulous and chimerical state of society; or have failed in their endeavour, either by indulging in such refinement of sentiment as is utterly inconsistent with rustic nature, or by endowing their characters with such a rudeness and vulgarity of manners as is hostile to every idea of delicacy. It appears to me that Ramsay has most happily avoided these extremes; and this he could the better do, from the singularly fortunate choice of his subject. The principal persons of the drama, though trained from infancy in the manners of rustic life, are of generous birth; to whom therefore we may allow, from nature and the influence of blood, an elevation of sentiment, and a nobler mode of thinking, than to ordinary peasants. To these characters the poet has therefore, with perfect propriety and knowledge of human nature, given the generous sentiments that accord with their condition, though veiled a little by the manners, and conveyed in the language which suits their accidental situation. The other characters, who are truly peasants, are painted with fidelity from nature; but even of these, the situation chosen by the poet was favourable for avoiding that extreme vulgarity and coarseness of manners which would have offended a good taste. The peasantry of the Pentland hills, within six or seven miles of the metropolis, with which of course they have frequent communication, cannot be supposed to exhibit the same rudeness of manners which distinguishes those of the remote part of the country. As the models, therefore, from which the poet drew were cast in a finer mould than mere provincial rustics, so their copies, as drawn by him, do not offend by their vulgarity, nor is there any greater degree of rusticity than what merely distinguishes their mode of life and occupations.

In what I have said of the manners of the characters in the Gentle Shepherd, I know that I encounter the prejudices of some Scotish critics, who allowing otherwise the very high merits of Ramsay as a poet, and giving him credit in particular for his knowledge of human nature, and skill to touch the passions, quarrel with him only on the score of his language; as they seem to annex inseparably the idea of coarseness and vulgarity to every thing that is written in the native dialect of their country: but of this I have said enough before. To every Englishman, and, I trust, to every Scotsman not of fastidious refinement, the dialect of the Gentle Shepherd will appear to be most perfectly consonant to the characters of the speakers, and the times in which the action is laid. To this latter circumstance the critics I have just mentioned seem not to have been sufficiently attentive. The language of this pastoral is not precisely the Scotish language of the present day: the poet himself spoke the language of the beginning of the century, and his persons were of the age preceding that period. To us their dialect is an antiquated tongue, and as such it carries with it a Doric simplicity. But when we consider both the characters and the times, it has an indispensable propriety; and to have given the speakers in the Gentle Shepherd a more refined and pollished dialect, or more modern tone of conversation, would have been a gross violation of truth and nature.

In the faithful painting of rustic life, Ramsay seems to have been indebted to his own situation and early habits, as well as to the want of a learned education. He was familiarly acquainted with rural nature from actual observation; and his own impressions were not weakened or altered by much acquaintance with the classical common-places, or with those artificial pictures which are presented by the poets.[44] It is not therefore the general characters of the country, which one poet can easily draw from the works of others, that we find in his pastoral; it was the country in which he lived, the genuine manners of its inhabitants, the actual scenes with which he was conversant, that fixed his observation, and guided his imitative pencil. The character which, in the preface to his Evergreen, he assigns to the Scotish poetry in general, is in the most peculiar manner assignable to his own: "The morning rises in the poet's description, as she does in the Scotish horizon: we are not carried to Greece and Italy for a shade, a stream, or a breeze; the groves rise in our own valleys, the rivers flow from our own fountains, and the winds blow upon our own hills." Ramsay's landscapes are drawn with the most characteristic precision: we view the scene before us, as in the paintings of a Claude or a Waterloo; and the hinds and shepherds of the Pentland hills, to all of whom this delightful pastoral is as familiar as their catechism, can trace the whole of its scenery in nature, and are eager to point out to the inquiring stranger—the waterfall of Habbie's how—the cottages of Glaud and Symon—Sir William's ancient tower, ruinated in the civil wars, but since rebuilt—the auld avenue and shady groves, still remaining in defiance of the modern taste for naked, shadeless lawns. And here let it be remarked, as perhaps the surest criterion of the merit of this pastoral as a true delineation of nature, that it is universally relished and admired by that class of people whose habits of life and manners are there described. Its sentiments and descriptions are in unison with their feelings. It is recited, with congenial animation and delight, at the fireside of the farmer, when in the evening the lads and lasses assemble to solace themselves after the labours of the day, and share the rustic meal. There is not a milk-maid, a plough-boy, or a shepherd, of the Lowlands of Scotland, who has not by heart its favourite passages, and can rehearse its entire scenes. There are many of its couplets that, like the verses of Homer, are become proverbial, and have the force of an adage, when introduced in familiar writing, or in ordinary conversation.

OPINIONS AND REMARKS

ON

"THE GENTLE SHEPHERD,"

BY VARIOUS AUTHORS.

John Aikin, LL.D. 1772.

"No attempt to naturalize pastoral poetry, appears to have succeeded better than Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd: it has a considerable air of reality, and the descriptive parts, in general, are in the genuine taste of beautiful simplicity."[45]

James Beattie, LL.D. 1776.

"The sentiments of [the 'Gentle Shepherd'], are natural, the circumstances interesting; the characters well drawn, well distinguished, and well contrasted; and the fable has more probability than any other pastoral drama I am acquainted with. To an Englishman who has never conversed with the common people of Scotland, the language would appear only antiquated, obscure, or unintelligible; but to a Scotchman who thoroughly understands it, and is aware of its vulgarity, it appears ludicrous; from the contrast between meanness of phrase and dignity or seriousness of sentiment.

This gives a farcical air even to the most affecting part of the poem; and occasions an impropriety of a peculiar kind, which is very observable in the representation. And accordingly, this play, with all its merit, and with a strong national partiality in its favour, has never given general satisfaction upon the stage."[46]

William Tytler. 1783.

"Ramsay was a man of strong natural, though few acquired parts, possessed of much humour, and native poetic fancy. Born in a pastoral country, he had strongly imbibed the manners and humours of that life. As I knew him well, an honest man, and of great pleasantry, it is with peculiar satisfaction I seize this opportunity of doing justice to his memory, in giving testimony to his being the author of the Gentle Shepherd, which, for the natural ease of the dialogue, the propriety of the characters, perfectly similar to the pastoral life in Scotland, the picturesque scenery, and, above all, the simplicity and beauty of the fable, may justly rank amongst the most eminent pastoral dramas that our own or any other nation can boast of. Merit will ever be followed by detraction. The envious tale, that the Gentle Shepherd was the joint composition of some wits with whom Ramsay conversed, is without truth. It might be sufficient to say, that none of these gentlemen have left the mediumest fragment behind them that can give countenance to such a claim. While I passed my infancy at Newhall, near Pentland hills, where the scenes of this pastoral poem are laid, the seat of Mr. Forbes, and the resort of many of the literati at that time, I well remember to have heard Ramsay recite, as his own production, different scenes of the Gentle Shepherd, particularly the first two, before it was printed. I believe my honourable friend Sir James Clerk of Pennycuik, where Ramsay frequently resided, and who I know is possessed of several original poems composed by him, can give the same testimony."

"P.S. The above note was shewn to Sir James Clerk, and had his approbation."[47]

Hugh Blair, D.D. 1783.

"I must not omit the mention of another pastoral drama, which will bear being brought into comparison with any composition of this kind, in any language; that is, Allan Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd. It is a great disadvantage to this beautiful poem, that it is written in the old rustic dialect of Scotland, which, in a short time, will probably be entirely obsolete, and not intelligible; and it is a farther disadvantage that it is so entirely formed on the rural manners of Scotland, that none but a native of that country can thoroughly understand or relish it. But, though subject to these local disadvantages, which confine its reputation within narrow limits, it is full of so much natural description, and tender sentiment, as would do honour to any poet. The characters are well drawn, the incidents affecting; the scenery and manners lively and just. It affords a strong proof, both of the power which nature and simplicity possess, to reach the heart in every sort of writing; and of the variety of pleasing characters and subjects with which pastoral poetry, when properly managed, is capable of being enlivened."[48]

John Pinkerton. 1786.

"Allan Ramsay. The convivial buffoonery of this writer has acquired him a sort of reputation, which his poetry by no means warrants; being far beneath the middling, and showing no spark of genius. Even his buffoonery is not that of a tavern, but that of an ale-house.

"The Gentle Shepherd all now allow the sole foundation of his fame. Let us put it in the furnace a little; for, if it be gold, it will come out the purer. Dr. Beattie, in his Essay on Laughter and Ludicrous Composition, observes, that the effect of the Gentle Shepherd is ludicrous from the contrast between meanness of phrase, and dignity or seriousness of sentiment. This is not owing to its being written in the Scotish dialect, now left to the peasantry, as that ingenious writer thinks; for the first part of Hardyknute, written in that very dialect, strikes every English reader as sublime and pathetic to the highest degree. In fact this glaring defect proceeds from Allan Ramsay's own character as a buffoon, so evident from all his poems, and which we all know he bore in private life; and from Allan's total ignorance of the Scotish tongue, save that spoken by the mob of Mid Lothian. It is well known that a comic actor of the Shuter or Edwin class, though highly meritorious in his line, yet, were he to appear in any save queer characters, the effect would even be more ludicrous than when he was in his proper parts, from the contrast of the man with his assumed character. This applies also to authors; for Sterne's sermons made us laugh, though there was nothing laughable in them: and, had Rabelais, or Sterne, written a pastoral opera, though the reader had been ignorant of their characters, still a something, a je ne sçai quoi, in the phraseology, would have ever provoked laughter. But this effect Ramsay has even pushed further; for, by his entire ignorance of the Scotish tongue, save that spoken by the mob around him, he was forced to use the very phraseology of the merest vulgar, rendered yet more ridiculous by his own turn to low humour; being himself indeed one of the mob, both in education and in mind. So that putting such queer language into the mouth of respectable characters—nay, pretending to clothe sentiments, pathos, and all that, with such phraseology—his whole Gentle Shepherd has the same effect as a gentleman would have who chose to drive sheep on the highway with a harlequin's coat on. This radical defect at once throws the piece quite out of the class of good compositions.

"Allan was indeed so much a poet, that in his Evergreen he even puts rhyming titles to the old poems he publishes; and by this silly idea, and his own low character, has stamped a kind of ludicrous hue on the old Scotish poetry, of which he pretended to be a publisher, that even now is hardly eradicated, though many editors of great learning and high respectability have arisen.

"I have been the fuller on this subject, because, to the great discredit of taste in Scotland, while we admire the effusions of this scribbler, we utterly neglect our really great poets, such as Barbour, Dunbar, Drummond, &c. There is even a sort of national prejudice in favour of the Gentle Shepherd, because it is our only drama in the Scotish language; yet we ought to be ashamed to hold prejudices so ridiculous to other nations, and so obnoxious to taste, and just criticism. I glory in Scotland as my native country; and, while I try to root up all other prejudices out of my mind, shall ever nourish my partiality to my country; as, if that be a prejudice, it has been esteemed an honest and a laudable one in all ages; and is, indeed, the only prejudice perfectly consonant to reason, and vindicable by truth. But Scotland has no occasion to recur to false history, false taste, false science, or false honours of any kind. In the severest light of truth she will stand very conspicuous. Her sons, in trying to adorn her, have shown remarkable defects of judgment. The ancient history of the Picts, so splendid in the page of Tacitus, is lost in our own fables. We neglect all our great poets, and are in raptures with Allan Ramsay. Our prejudices are as pitiful as strong; and we know not that the truth would make us far more illustrious, than all our dreams of prejudice, if realized, to use an expression of impossibility. Good sense in antiquities, and good taste in poetry, are astonishingly wanting in Scotland to this hour."[49]

Joseph Ritson. 1794.

"Ramsay was a man of strong natural parts, and a fine poetical genius, of which his celebrated pastoral The Gentle Shepherd will ever remain a substantial monument; and though some of his songs may be deformed by far-fetched allusions and pitiful conceits, The Lass of Patie's Mill, The Yellow-hair'd Laddie, Farewell to Lochaber, and some others, must be allowed equal to any, and even superior, in point of pastoral simplicity, to most lyric productions, either in the Scotish or any other language."[50]

William Roscoe. 1795.

"Whether the dialect of Scotland be more favourable to attempts of this nature, or whether we are to seek for the fact in the character of the people, or the peculiar talents of the writers, certain it is, that the idiom of that country has been much more successfully employed in poetical composition, than that of any other part of these kingdoms, and that this practice may here be traced to a very early period. In later times the beautiful dramatic poem of The Gentle Shepherd has exhibited rusticity without vulgarity, and elegant sentiment without affectation. Like the heroes of Homer, the characters of this piece can engage in the humblest occupations without degradation."[51]

Thomas Campbell. 1819.

"The admirers of the Gentle Shepherd, must perhaps be contented to share some suspicion of national partiality, while they do justice to their own feeling of its merit. Yet as this drama is a picture of rustic Scotland, it would perhaps be saying little for its fidelity, if it yielded no more agreeableness to the breast of a native than he could expound to a stranger by the strict letter of criticism. We should think the painter had finished the likeness of a mother very indifferently, if it did not bring home to her children traits of undefinable expression which had escaped every eye but that of familiar affection. Ramsay had not the force of Burns; but, neither, in just proportion to his merits, is he likely to be felt by an English reader. The fire of Burns' wit and passion glows through an obscure dialect by its confinement to short and concentrated bursts. The interest which Ramsay excites is spread over a long poem, delineating manners more than passions; and the mind must be at home both in the language and manners, to appreciate the skill and comic archness with which he has heightened the display of rustic character without giving it vulgarity, and refined the view of peasant life by situations of sweetness and tenderness, without departing in the least degree from its simplicity. The Gentle Shepherd stands quite apart from the general pastoral poetry of modern Europe. It has no satyrs, nor featureless simpletons, nor drowsy and still landscapes of nature, but distinct characters and amusing incidents. The principal shepherd never speaks out of consistency with the habits of a peasant, but he moves in that sphere with such a manly spirit, with so much cheerful sensibility to its humble joys, with maxims of life so rational and independent, and with an ascendency over his fellow swains so well maintained by his force of character, that if we could suppose the pacific scenes of the drama to be suddenly changed into situations of trouble and danger, we should, in exact consistency with our former idea of him, expect him to become the leader of the peasants, and the Tell of his native hamlet. Nor is the character of his mistress less beautifully conceived. She is represented, like himself, as elevated, by a fortunate discovery, from obscure to opulent life, yet as equally capable of being the ornament of either. A Richardson or a D'Arblay, had they continued her history, might have heightened the portrait, but they would not have altered its outline. Like the poetry of Tasso and Ariosto, that of the Gentle Shepherd is engraven on the memory of its native country. Its verses have passed into proverbs and it continues to be the delight and solace of the peasantry whom it describes."[52]

Leigh Hunt. 1848.

"Poetical expression in humble life is to be found all over the south. In the instances of Burns, Ramsay, and others, the north also has seen it. Indeed, it is not a little remarkable, that Scotland, which is more northern than England, and possesses not even a nightingale, has had more of it than its southern neighbour."

"Allan Ramsay is the prince of the homely pastoral drama. He and Burns have helped Scotland for ever to take pride in its heather, and its braes, and its bonny rivers, and be ashamed of no honest truth in high estate or in low; an incalculable blessing. Ramsay is entitled not only to the designation we have given him, but in some respects is the best pastoral writer in the world. There are, in truth, two sorts of genuine pastoral—the high ideal of Fletcher and Milton, which is justly to be considered the more poetical,—and the homely ideal, as set forth by Allan Ramsay and some of the Idyls of Theocritus, and which gives us such feelings of nature and passion as poetical rustics not only can, but have entertained and eloquently described. And we think the Gentle Shepherd, 'in some respects,' the best pastoral that ever was written, not because it has anything, in a poetical point of view, to compare with Fletcher and Milton, but because there is, upon the whole, more faith and more love in it, and because the kind of idealized truth which it undertakes to represent, is delivered in a more corresponding and satisfactory form than in any other entire pastoral drama. In fact, the Gentle Shepherd has no alloy whatsoever to its pretensions, such as they are—no failure in plot, language, or character—nothing answering to the coldness and irrelevances of 'Comus,' nor to the offensive and untrue violations of decorum in the 'Wanton Shepherdess' of Fletcher's pastoral, and the pedantic and ostentatious chastity of his Faithful one. It is a pure, healthy, natural, and (of its kind) perfect plant, sprung out of an unluxuriant but not ungenial soil; not hung with the beauty and fragrance of the productions of the higher regions of Parnassus; not waited upon by spirits and enchanted music; a dog-rose, if you will; say rather, a rose in a cottage-garden, dabbled with the morning dew, and plucked by an honest lover to give to his mistress.

"Allan Ramsay's poem is not only a probable and pleasing story, containing charming pictures, much knowledge of life, and a good deal of quiet humour, but in some respects it may be called classical, if by classical is meant ease, precision, and unsuperfluousness of style. Ramsay's diction is singularly straightforward, seldom needing the assistance of inversions; and he rarely says anything for the purpose of 'filling up;'—two freedoms from defect the reverse of vulgar and commonplace; nay, the reverse of a great deal of what pretends to be fine writing, and is received as such. We confess we never tire of dipping into it, 'on and off,' any more than into Fletcher or Milton, or into Theocritus himself, who, for the union of something higher with true pastoral, is unrivalled in short pieces. The Gentle Shepherd is not a forest, nor a mountain-side, nor Arcady; but it is a field full of daisies, with a brook in it, and a cottage 'at the sunny end;' and this we take to be no mean thing, either in the real or the ideal world. Our Jar of Honey may well lie for a few moments among its heather, albeit filled with Hybla. There are bees, 'look you,' in Habbie's How. Theocritus and Allan shake hands over a shepherd's pipe. Take the beginning of Scene ii., Act i., both for description and dialogue:—

"This is an out-door picture. Here is an in-door one quite as good—nay, better.

"We would quote, if we could—only it might not look so proper, when isolated—the whole song at the close of Act the Second. The first line of it alone is worth all Pope's pastorals put together, and (we were going to add) half of those of Virgil; but we reverence too much the great follower of the Greeks, and true lover of the country. There is more sentiment, and equal nature, in the song at the end of Act the Fourth. Peggy is taking leave of her lover, who is going abroad:—

"The charming and so (to speak) natural flattery of the loving delicacy of this distinction—

'By vows you're mine, by love is yours,'

was never surpassed by a passion the most refined. It reminds us of a like passage in the anonymous words (Shakspeare might have written them) of the fine old English madrigal by Ford, 'Since first I saw your face.' Perhaps Ford himself wrote them; for the author of that music had sentiment enough in him for anything. The passage we allude to is—

The highest refinement of the heart, though too rare in most classes, is luckily to be found in all; and hence it is, that certain meetings of extremes in lovers of different ranks in life are not always to be attributed either to a failure of taste on the one side, or unsuitable pretensions on the other. Scotish dukes have been known to meet with real Gentle-Shepherd heroines; and everybody knows the story of a lowly Countess of Exeter, who was too sensitive to survive the disclosure of the rank to which her lover had raised her."[53]

Anecdote of Lady Strange.

During nearly twenty years of the latter part of Ramsay's life, "he continued occasionally to write epistles in verse, and other short pieces, as he had done before, for the entertainment of his private friends. When urged by some of them to give some more of his works to the press, he said that he was more inclined, if it were in his power, to recall much of what he had already written, and that if half his printed books were burnt, the other half, like the Sybil's books, would become more valuable by it."[54] Still more deeply was this feeling entertained by his son, who hesitated not to express it in a manner more emphatic than respectful to his father's memory. On one occasion, in London, and in the house of Lady Strange, widow of the celebrated engraver of that name—a lady whose kindness to her countrymen and predilection for Scotland will long be remembered—he is said to have declared that if he could purchase every copy of his father's writings, even at the cost of a thousand pounds, he would commit them to the flames. "Indeed, sir," replied the lady, misunderstanding his meaning, "then let me tell you that if you could, and should do so, your labour would be lost, for I can," says she, "repeat from memory every word of the Gentle Shepherd, and were you to consume every copy of it, I would write out that matchless poem with my own hand, and cause it to be printed at my own charges."[55]

LIST OF ALLAN RAMSAY'S WORKS.

Poems.—Edinburgh, 1721-28. 4to. 2 vols. First collective edition. Many other editions. See Preface, page ix.

The Evergreen, being a Collection of Scots Poems, wrote by the Ingenious before 1600. Edinburgh, 1724. 16mo. 2 vols. Reprinted, 1761 and 1824.

The Tea-Table Miscellany. Edinburgh, 1724, &c.—4 vols. 12mo. A well-known collection of Songs, English as well as Scotish, by several hands. Many other editions.

Tea-Table Miscellany—circa 1726. "Music for Allan Ramsay's collection of Scots Songs: Set by Alexander Stuart, and engraved by R. Cooper, vol. First. Edinburgh; printed and sold by Allan Ramsay."

This is a medium oblong volume of 156 pages, divided into six parts, and contains the music of seventy-one Songs, selected from the first volume of the Tea-Table Miscellany, printed in 1724. It is very scarce, and no second volume ever appeared.

The Gentle Shepherd, a Scots Pastoral Comedy. Edinburgh, 1725. First edition. Numerous other editions. See Preface, page x. Included in all the collective editions of the Poems.

Translations.—By Cornelius Vanderstop. London, 1777. 8vo.—By W. Ward. London, 1785. 8vo.—By Margaret Turner. London, 1790. 8vo.

Fables.—A Collection of thirty Fables. Edinburgh, 1730. First collective edition. The greater part of these were included in the quarto of 1728, and are to be found in all the more recent editions of the Poems.

Proverbs.—A Collection of Scots Proverbs. Edinburgh, 1737. 12mo. Numerous editions.

TO

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

SUSANNA,

COUNTESS OF EGLINTOUN.[56]

Madam,

The love of approbation, and a desire to please the best, have ever encouraged the Poets to finish their designs with chearfulness. But, conscious of their own inability to oppose a storm of spleen and haughty ill-nature, it is generally an ingenious custom amongst them to chuse some honourable shade.

Wherefore, I beg leave to put my Pastoral under your Ladyship's protection. If my Patroness says, the Shepherds speak as they ought, and that there are several natural flowers that beautify the rural wild, I shall have good reason to think myself safe from the awkward censure of some pretending judges that condemn before examination.

I am sure of vast numbers that will crowd into your Ladyship's opinion, and think it their honour to agree in their sentiments with the Countess of Eglintoun, whose penetration, superior wit, and sound judgment, shines with an uncommon lustre, while accompanied with the diviner charms of goodness and equality of mind.

If it were not for offending only your Ladyship, here, Madam, I might give the fullest liberty to my muse to delineate the finest of women, by drawing your Ladyship's character, and be in no hazard of being deemed a flatterer; since flattery lyes not in paying what's due to merit, but in praises misplaced.

Were I to begin with your Ladyship's honourable birth and alliance, the field's ample, and presents us with numberless great and good Patriots that have dignified the names of Kennedy and Montgomery: Be that the care of the herauld and historian. 'Tis personal merit, and the heavenly sweetness of the fair, that inspire the tuneful lays. Here every Lesbia must be excepted, whose tongues give liberty to the slaves, which their eyes had made captives. Such may be flatter'd; but your Ladyship justly claims our admiration and profoundest respect: for, whilst you are possest of every outward charm in the most perfect degree, the never-fading beauties of wisdom and piety, which adorn your Ladyship's mind, command devotion.

"All this is very true," cries one of better sense than good nature, "but what occasion have you to tell us the sun shines, when we have the use of our eyes, and feel his influence?"—Very true; but I have the liberty to use the Poet's privilege, which is, "To speak what every body thinks." Indeed, there might be some strength in the reflection, if the Idalian registers were of as short duration as life: but the bard, who fondly hopes immortality, has a certain praise-worthy pleasure in communicating to posterity the fame of distinguished characters.——I write this last sentence with a hand that trembles between hope and fear: But if I shall prove so happy as to please your Ladyship in the following attempt, then all my doubts shall vanish like a morning vapour:—I shall hope to be classed with Tasso and Guarini, and sing with Ovid,

TO THE

COUNTESS OF EGLINTOUN,

WITH THE FOLLOWING PASTORAL.

TO

JOSIAH BURCHET, ESQ.,

SECRETARY OF THE ADMIRALTY,

WITH THE FIRST SCENE OF THE GENTLE SHEPHERD.

THE PERSONS.

MEN.

WOMEN.

SCENE.—A Shepherd's Village, and Fields some few miles from Edinburgh.

Time of Action within twenty hours.

THE

GENTLE SHEPHERD.

ACT FIRST.

SCENE I.

Patie and Roger.

SANG I.—The wawking of the fauld.

Patie sings.

My Peggy is a young thing,
Just enter'd in her teens,
Fair as the day, and sweet as May,
Fair as the day, and always gay.
My Peggy is a young thing,
And I'm not very auld;
Yet well I like to meet her, at
The wawking of the fauld.

My Peggy speaks sae sweetly,
Whene'er we meet alane,
I wish nae mair to lay my care,
I wish nae mair of a' that's rare.
My Peggy speaks sae sweetly,
To a' the lave I'm cauld;
But she gars a' my spirits glow
At wawking of the fauld.

My Peggy smiles sae kindly,
Whene'er I whisper love,
That I look down on a' the town,
That I look down upon a crown.
My Peggy smiles sae kindly,
It makes me blyth and bauld;
And naething gi'es me sic delight,
As wawking of the fauld.

My Peggy sings sae saftly,
When on my pipe I play;
By a' the rest it is confest,
By a' the rest that she sings best.
My Peggy sings sae saftly,
And in her sangs are tauld,
With innocence, the wale of sense,
At wawking of the fauld.

Patie.

SANG II.—Tune, Fy gar rub her o'er wi' strae.

ACT I.—SCENE II.

Peggy and Jenny.

Jenny.

SANG III.—Tune, Polwart on the Green.

SANG IV.—Tune, O dear mother, what shall I do?

SANG V.—Tune, How can I be sad on my wedding-day?

SANG VI.—Tune, Nansy's to the green-wood gane.

End of the First Act.

ACT SECOND.

SCENE I.

Glaud and Symon.

Glaud.

SANG VII.—Tune, Cauld kail in Aberdeen.

SANG VIII.—Tune, Mucking of Geordy's byar.

Enter Madge.

ACT II.—SCENE II.

Bauldy.

ACT II.—SCENE III.

SANG IX.—Tune, Carle an the King come.

Mause sings.

Enter Bauldy.

ACT II.—SCENE IV.

SANG X.—Tune, The Yellow-hair'd Laddie.

SANG XI.—To its own Tune.

ACT THIRD.

SCENE I.

SANG XII.—Tune, Happy Clown.

ACT III.—SCENE II.

ACT III.—SCENE III.

SANG XIII.—Tune, Leith Wynd.

SANG XIV.—Tune, O'er Bogie.

ACT III—SCENE IV.

SANG XV.—Tune, Wat ye wha I met Yestreen.

ACT FOURTH.

SCENE I.

ACT IV.—SCENE II.

SANG XVI.—Tune, Kirk wad let me be.

SANG XVII.—Tune, Wae's my heart that we should sunder.

SANG XVIII.—Tune, Tweedside.

SANG XIX.—Tune, Bush aboon Traquair.

ACT FIFTH.

SCENE I.

SANG XX.—Tune, Bonny grey-ey'd morn.

ACT V.—SCENE II.

ACT V.—SCENE III.

SANG XXI.—Tune, Corn-riggs are bonny.

Page 5, line 11 from top; the reading in the text is:—

"She fled as frae a shellycoat or kow."

This is the reading in the 8vo and 4to editions of 1721; (and also in the 12mo edition of 1761;) where was published the first scene of the Pastoral, as a separate poem, under the title of "Patie and Roger." But, in all the editions of the Gentle Shepherd that we have seen, the reading stands thus:—

"She fled as frae a shellycoated kow."

We think the first reading is the true one; and that the second is, probably, a typographical error. We have come to this conclusion after an inquiry into the meaning of the words "Shellycoat" and "Kow." The definitions of these words, from the best authorities we know of, are subjoined; which will enable such of our readers as have any curiosity in the matter to judge for themselves.

"Shellycoat, a spirit, who resides in the waters, and has given his name to many a rock and stone upon the Scottish coast, belongs also to the class of bogles. When he appeared, he seemed to be decked with marine productions, and in particular with shells, whose clattering announced his approach. From this circumstance he derived his name.—Shellycoat must not be confounded with Kelpy, a water spirit also, but of a much more powerful and malignant nature."

[Scott's Minstrelsy, vol. i., Introd. civ. cv.

"Shellycoat. One of those frightful spectres the ignorant people are terrified at, and tell us strange stories of; that they are clothed with a coat of shells, which make a horrid rattling; that they'll be sure to destroy one, if he gets not a running water between him and it: it dares not meddle with a woman with child, &c."

[Ramsay's Poems. vol. i., 4to edition, 1721.

"Kowor Cow" a hobgoblin; also, a scarecrow, a bugbear. Cow-man, the devil."

[Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary.

"Wirrikow," the devil.

[Hogg's Mountain Bard.

The above definitions of Shellycoat.are very precise: that of Kowis less so. Both are spirits, and frightful in character; yet apparently of distinct habits. Hence the firstof the readings given above,—the oldest and that adopted in the text—

"She fled as frae a shellycoat or kow,"

is quite natural and proper: the second (though susceptible of explanation,) seems much less so.

At page 57, a variation from the text given in the present edition, is found in nearly all the more modern editions: it is as follows:—

"Enter Bauldy [singing].

SANG XVI.

 

Jocky said to Jenny, Jenny, wilt thou do't?
Ne'er a fit, quoth Jenny, for my tocher-good;
For my tocher-good, I winna marry thee:
E'en's-ye-like, quoth, Jocky, I can let you be.

Mause,[59] Well liltit, Bauldy, that's a dainty sang.

Bauldy, I'se gie ye't a', it's better than it's lang.

I have gowd and gear, I have land eneugh,
I have sax good owsen ganging in a pleugh;
Ganging in a pleugh, and linkan o'er the lee,
And gin ye winna tak me, I can let ye be.

I have a good ha' house, a barn, and a byre;
A peat-stack 'fore the door, will mak a ranting fire;
I'll mak a ranting fire, and merry shall we be,
And gin ye winna tak me, I can let ye be.

Jenny said to Jocky, gin ye winna tell,
Ye shall be the lad, I'll be the lass mysell;
Ye're a bonny lad, and I'm a lassie free;
Y'ere welcomer to tak me than to let me be."

In "Ramsay's Poems," published in London, by Millar, Rivington & Co., 2 vols. 12mo, 1761; (three years after the author's death;) there occur several variations from the text of the present edition. As the more important of these changes, with one exception, have been adopted in the edition edited by George Chalmers, published by Cadell & Co., London, 2 vols. 8vo, 1800; (usually considered the "best edition" of Ramsay's collected works;) and as they have been again adopted in the recent reprint of Cadell's edition by Fullarton & Co., London, 3 vols. 12mo, 1850, it has been thought best to present them here in the form of notes. The following, therefore, are to be understood as the readings in the editions just referred to:—

Page 5, line 13 from bottom:—

"'Till he yowl'd sair she strak the poor dumb tyke:"

This is the reading in the 8vo and 4to editions of 1721, before referred to. In the 4to subscription edition of 1728, the author rejected the above reading, and substituted that given in the text. This would seem to be conclusive; and produces a considerable degree of suspicion as to the authority for the other alterations which we find in the editions of 1761 and 1800.

Page 11, line 4 from bottom:—

"We soon will hear what a poor feightan life"

[Edition of 1800.

The editions of 1761 and 1850 give the reading in the text.

Page 19, line 8 from top:—

"To shine, or set in glory with Montrose."

Page 25, line 8 from bottom:—

"Bauldy. Well vers'd in herbs and seasons of the moon,
By skilfu' charms 'tis kend what ye have done."

[Edition of 1761.

The editions of 1800 and 1850 give the reading in the text.

Page 27:—

Mause her lane.

"This fool imagines, as do mony sic,
That I'm a witch in compact with Auld Nick,
Because by education I was taught
To speak and act aboon their common thought.
Their gross mistake shall quickly now appear,
Soon shall they ken what brought, what keeps me here.
Now since the royal Charles, and right's restor'd,
A shepherdess is daughter to a lord.
The bonny foundling that's brought up by Glaud,
Wha has an uncle's care on her bestow'd,
Her infant life I sav'd, when a false friend
Bow'd to th' Usurper, and her death design'd,
To establish him and his in all these plains
That by right heritage to her pertains.
She's now in her sweet bloom, has blood and charms
Of too much value for a shepherd's arms:
None knows't but me;—and if the morn were come,
I'll tell them tales will gar them all sing dumb."

Page 29, line 7 from top:—

"I darna stay,—ye joker, let me gang,
Or swear ye'll never tempt to do me wrang."

Page 29, line 15 from top:—

"Shall do thee wrang, I swear by all aboon."

Page 36, line 4 from top:—

"No Jaccacinths or Eglantines appear.
Here fail'd and broke's the rising ample shade,
Where peach and nect'rine trees their branches spread,
Basking in rays, and early did produce
Fruit fair to view, delightful in the use;
All round in gaps, the walls in ruin lie,
And from what stands the wither'd branches fly."

Page 47, line 10 from bottom:—

"With equal joy my safter heart does yield,
To own thy well-try'd love has won the field."

Page 62, top line:—

"But love rebels against all bounding laws;
Fixt in my soul the shepherdess excells,"

Page 63, line 15 from bottom:—

"Fine claiths, saft beds, sweet houses, sparkling wine,
Rich fare, and witty friends, whene'er ye dine,
Submissive servants, honour, wealth and ease,"

Page 64, line 14 from bottom:—

"Roger. And proud of being your secretary, I
To wyle it frae me a' the deels defy."

Page 67, line 10 from bottom:—

"Dream thro' that night, 'till my day-star appear;"

Page 70, line 5 from bottom:—

"Peggy. Were ilka hair that appertains to me
Worth an estate, they all belong to thee:
My sheers are ready, take what you demand,
And aught what love with virtue may command.
Patie. Nae mair I'll ask; but since we've little time,"

Page 72, line 9 from top:—

"What want ye, Bauldy, at this [early silent] hour,
When nature nods beneath the drowsy pow'r:"

Page 73, line 8 from bottom:—

"Lows'd down my breeks, while I like a great fool,"

[Not in edition of 1850.

Page 82, line 12 from bottom:—

"Patie. Good nurse, dispatch thy story wing'd with blisses,
That I may give my cusin fifty kisses."

Besides the above, there occur, in the edition of 1761, about 50 verbal alterations, additions, and omissions; and about 75 in the edition of 1800. In the edition of 1850 there are fewer changes, it having been partially corrected, probably from the 8vo edition of 1808. These verbal changes are rarely, if ever, improvements; frequently of little consequence, and sometimes they appear silly; for instance, towards the end of the Pastoral there is substituted, in two or three instances, Archbald instead of Bauldy! We have not, therefore, thought it worth while to note them here. We rather think that our readers, generally, will not consider the readings above given, as improvements on those in the text.

A

GLOSSARY;

OR,

AN EXPLANATION OF THE SCOTTISH WORDS

WHICH ARE USED IN

ALLAN RAMSAY'S "GENTLE SHEPHERD;"

AND WHICH ARE RARELY FOUND IN MODERN ENGLISH WRITINGS:

WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

A.

A', all.
Abeit, albeit, although.
Ablins, perhaps.
Aboon, above.
Ae, or ane, one.
Aff, off.
Aften, often.
Ain, or awn, own.
Air, long since, early.
Air up, soon up in the morning.
Airth, quarter of the heaven.
Alane, alone.
Amaist, almost.
Amang, among.
Aneath, beneath.
Anes, once.
Anither, another.
Asteer, stirring.
Atanes, at once, at the same time.
Attour, out-over.
Auld, old.
Awa, away.
A-will, voluntarily.
Awner, owner.

B.

Ba', ball.
Badrans, a cat.
Bairns, children.
Bair, bear, boar.
Baith, both.
To ban, to curse.
Banefire, bonfire.
Bannocks, a sort of unleavened bread, thicker than cakes, and round.
Barlickhood, a fit of drunken angry passion.
Bassend, see Bawsy.
Baugh, sorry, indifferent.
Bauk, balk.
Bauld, bold.
Bawk, a rafter, joist; likewise, the space between cornfields; to frustrate.
Bawsy, bawsand-fac'd, is a cow, or horse, with a white face.
Be, by.
Bedeen, immediately, in haste.
Begunk, a trick, a cheat.
Beik, to bask.
Beild, or beil, a shelter.
Bein, or been, wealthy, comfortable. A been house, a warm well-furnished one.
Ben, the inner room of a house.
Come farer ben, be better received.
Bend, a pull of liquor.
Bend the bicker, quaff out the cup.
Bent, a coarse kind of grass growing on hilly ground; the open field, the plain.
To the bent, fled out of reach.
Betooch-us-to, Heaven preserve us.
Beuk, baked.
Bicker, a wooden dish.
Bide, to await.
Bigonet, a linen cap or coif.
Billy, brother, a young man.
Birks, birch-trees.
Birky,—auld birky, old boy.
Birn, a burnt mark.
Birns, the stalks of burnt heath.
Black-sole, a confidant in courtship.
Blae, black and blue, the colour of the skin when bruised.
Blaeberry, bilberry.
Blashy, plashy, deluging.
Blate, bashful.
Blaw, blow; to boast.
Bleech, to blanch or whiten.
Bleer, to bedim with tears.
Bleez, blaze.
Blob, a drop.
Bob, to move up and down as in dancing.
Bobbit bands, tasselled bands (worn about the neck).
Bode, to proffer.
Bonny, beautiful.
Bouk, bulk.
Bourd, jest or dally.
Bowt, bolt.
Brae, the side of a hill, a steep bank.
Braid, broad.
Brankan, prancing, a capering.
Brattle, to advance rapidly, making a noise with the feet.
Brats, aprons of coarse linen.
Braw, brave; fine in apparel.
Breaks, becomes bankrupt.
Brecken, fern.
Briss, to press.
Brock, a badger.
Broe, broth.
Brown cow, a ludicrous expression for ale or beer, as opposed to milk.
Bught, the little fold where the ewes are inclosed at milking-time.
Bumbazed, confused; made to stare and look like an idiot.
Burn, or burnie, a brook.
Busk, to deck, dress.
Bustine, fustian (cloth.)
But, often used for without; as "but feed or favour."
But a flaw, without a lie.
But,—fetch but, bring into the outer apartment, or that used as a kitchen.
By and attour, over and above.
By,—flings by, throws aside.
Byre, or byar, a cow-house.

C.

Ca, call.
Cadgy, good-humoured, happy, fond.
Canker'd, angry, passionately snarling.
Canna, cannot.
Canny, prudent. (See Kanny.)
Cantraips, incantations.
Canty, cheerful and merry.
Car, sledge.
Carle, a word for an old man.
Carna, care not.
Cast up, to upbraid one with a thing.
Cauld, cold.
Cauldrife, spiritless; wanting cheerfulness in address.
Cauler, cool or fresh.
Cawf, or caff, a calf; chaff.
Cawk, chalk.
Chiel, or chield, a general term like fellow; used sometimes with respect, as, "he's a very good chiel;" and contemptuously, "that chiel."
Chirm, chirp and sing like a bird.
Chitter, chatter.
Chucky, a hen.
Claith, cloth.
Clatter, to chatter.
Claw, scratch.
Cleck, to hatch.
Cleek, to catch as with a hook.
Closs, close.
Clute, or cloot, hoof of cows or sheep.
Cockernony, the gathering of a woman's hair, when it is wrapt or snooded up with a band or snood.
Coft, bought.
Coof, a stupid fellow.
Corby, a raven.
Cottar, a cottager.
Crack, to chat, to talk.
Craig, a rock.
Crap, crept.
Croon, or crune, to murmur or hum over a song.
Crove, a cottage.
Crummy, or crummock, a cow's name.
Cunzie, or coonie, coin.
Curn, a medium quantity.
Cut and dry, a kind of tobacco.

D.

Daffine, folly, waggery.
Daft, foolish.
Dainty, is used as an epithet of a fine man or woman.
Dang, did ding, beat, thrust, drive.
Darn, to hide.
Darna, dare not.
Dash, to put out of countenance.
Dawty, a fondling, darling. To dawt, or daut, to cocker and caress with tenderness.
Decreet, award.
Deil, or deel, the devil.
Dike, or dyke, a fence of stone or turf.
To Ding, to drive down, to beat, to overcome.
Dinna, do not.
Disna, does not.
Dit, to stop or close up a hole.
Divot, thin turf.
Doilt, confused and silly.
Doof, a dull, heavy-headed fellow.
Dool, pain, grief.
Dorts, a proud pet.
Dorty, proud; not to be spoken to; conceited; appearing as dis-obliged.
Dosens, becomes torpid.
Dow, to will, to incline, to thrive; to be able.
Dowie, sickly, melancholy, doleful, sad.
Downa, dow not, i. e., though one has the power, he wants the heart to do it.
Dowp, the arse; the medium remains of a candle.
Drap, drop.
Dreery, wearisome, frightful.
Drie, to suffer, endure.
Drouth, drought, thirst.
Dubs, mire, medium pools of water.
Duds, rags. Duddy, ragged.
Dung, driven down, overcome.
Dunt, stroke or blow; to beat, to palpitate.
Dyvour, a bankrupt, a debtor.

E.

Eastlin, easterly, eastward.
Een, eyes.
Eild, old age.
Eith, easy. Eithly, easily.
Elf-shot, bewitched, shot by fairies.
Elritch, wild, hideous, uninhabited except by imaginary ghosts.
Elvand, the ell measure.
Ergh, scrupulous; when one makes faint attempts to do a thing, without a steady resolution; to be timorous.
Ether, an adder.
Ethercap, or ettercap, a venomous spiteful creature.
Ettle, to aim, design.
Even'd, compared.
Evens, equals, compares, allies.

F.

Fa, fall.
Fae, foe.
Fain, joyful, tickled with pleasure.
Fairfa', when we wish well to one, that a good or fair fate may befall him.
Fand, found.
Farder, farther.
Farer seen, more knowing.
Fash,—never fash your thumb, be not the least vexed, be easy.
Fash, to vex or trouble. Fasheous, troublesome.
Fauld, fold.
Fause, false.
Faut, fault.
Fawn, fallen.
Feckless, feeble, little and weak.
Feg, a fig.
Fell, good, valuable, keen; a rocky, or wild, hill.
Fere, sound, entire.
Ferlie, wonder.
Feu, tenure, a fief.
Firlot, four pecks, the fourth part of a boll.
Fit, the foot.
Flaes, fleas.
Flaw, lie or fib.
Flawing, lying, fibbing.
Fleetch, to coax or flatter.
Fleg, fright.
Flesh a' creep, a phrase which expresses shuddering.
Flet, the preterit of flyte, did chide.
Fley, or flie, to affright. Fleyt, or fleid, afraid or terrified.
Flighter, flutter.
Flit, to remove.
Flite, or flyte, to scold or chide. Flet, did scold.
Flyp, to turn inside out.
Fog, moss.
Forby, besides.
Forgainst, opposite to.
Forgather, to meet, encounter.
Forrow cow, a cow that is not with calf, and therefore continues to give milk throughout the winter.
Fou, or fu, full.
Fouth, abundance, plenty.
Fowk, folk.
Fow-weel, full well.
Frae, fro, or from.
Fraise, to make a noise. We use to say "one makes a fraise," when they boast, wonder, and talk more of a matter than it is worthy of, or will bear.
Freath the graith, to froth the suds about the clothes in washing.
Fundling, foundling.

G.

Ga, gaw, gall.
Gab, the mouth. To Gab, to prate.
Gade, went, did go.
To Gae, to go.
Gait, a goat.
Gane, gone.
Gar, to cause, make, or force.
Gat, got.
Gate, or gait, way.
Gaw, to take the pet, to be galled.
Gawky, an idle, staring, idiotical person.
Gawn, going.
Gaws, galls.
Gay and early, pretty early.
To geck, to mock, to toss the head with disdain.
Gett, a brat, a child, by way of contempt or derision.
Ghaist, a ghost.
Gif, if.
Gin, if.
Girn, to grin, snarl.
Glen, a narrow valley between mountains.
Gloom, to scowl or frown.
Glowr, to stare.
Gowans, daisies.
Gowd, gold.
Gowk, the cuckoo. In derision, we call a thoughtless fellow, and one who harps too long on one subject, a gowk.
Grace-drink, the drink taken by a company after the giving of thanks at the end of a meal.
Graith, furniture, harness, armour.
To Grane, to groan.
Grany, grandmother, any old woman.
Gree, prize, victory.
Green, or grien, to long for.
Greet, to weep. Grat, wept.
Grit, familiar.
Grots, milled oats.
Gusty, savoury.
Gyte, gane gyte, acts extravagantly.

H.

Ha, hall.
Had, hold.
Hae, have.
Haff, half.
Haffet, the cheek, side of the head.
Haflen, partly, in part.
Hagabag, coarse table-linen.
Haggies, a kind of pudding made of the lungs and liver of a sheep, and boiled in the big bag.
Hag-raid, witch-ridden, tormented by hags or phantoms.
Hait, or het, hot.
Haith, (a minced oath,) faith.
Hald, or had, hold.
Hale, whole.
Halesome, wholesome.
Hallen, a fence of turf, twigs, or stone, built at the side of a cottage door, to screen from the wind.
Haly, holy.
Haly band, kirk session.
Hame, home.
Hamely, friendly, frank, open, kind.
Happing, hopping.
Hapt, covered.
Harigalds, the heart, liver, and lights of an animal.
Hawky, a cow; a white-faced cow.
Hawse, or hauss, the throat or gullet.
Hawslock, the wool that grows on the hawse or throat.
Heartsome, blythe and happy.
Heeryestreen, the night before yesternight.
Heffs, or hefts, dwells.
Heghts, or hechts, promises, engagements, proffers.
Het, hot.
Hether-bells, the heath-blossom.
Hiddils, or hidlings, lurking, hiding-places. To do a thing in hidlings, i. e., privately.
Hinder, last.
To Hing, to hang.
Hinny, honey.
Hissel-shaw, hazel-wood.
Hobleshew, confused racket, uproar.
Hodden-grey, coarse grey cloth.
Hool, husk, shell.
How, low ground, a hollow.
Howdy, a midwife.
Howk, to dig.
Howms, holms, plains on river-sides.
Howt! fy!

I.

Ilk, each. Ilka, every.
Of that ilk, of an estate having the same name as the owner.
Ingan, onion.
Ingle, fire.
I'se, I shall; as, I'll, for I will.
Ither, other.

J.

Jaccacinths, hyacinths.
Jaw, a wave or gush of water.
Jee, to incline on one side.
Jo, sweetheart.

K.

Kaim, or kame, comb.
Kale, or kail, colewort; and sometimes, broth.
Kanny, or canny, fortunate; also, wary, one who manages his affairs discreetly; cautious.
Kedgy, or cadgie, jovial.
Keep up, hide, or retain.
Ken, to know.
Kenna, know not.
Kent, a long staff, such as shepherds use for leaping over ditches.
Kilted, tucked up.
Kirn, a churn; to churn.
Kitted, kept in a medium wooden vessel.
Kittle, difficult, mysterious, knotty (writings).
Kittle, to tickle, ticklish; vexatious.
Knit up themsells, hang up themselves.
Know, a hillock, a knoll.
Kow, goblin. See Notes, p. 89.
Ky, kine or cows.

L.

Lair, or lear, learning; to learn.
Laith, loth.
Lake, lack.
Landwart, the country, or belonging to it; rustic.
Lane, alone.
Lang, long.
Langsome, slow, tedious.
Lang-syne, long ago; sometimes used as a substantive noun, auld lang-syne, old times by-past.
Lap, leaped.
Lave, the rest or remainder.
Lavrock, the lark.
Leal, or leel, true, upright, honest, faithful to trust, loyal; "a leal heart never lied."
Lee, untilled ground; also an open grassy plain.
Leek,—clean's a leek, perfectly clever and right.
Leen, cease, give up, yield.
Leglen, a milking-pail with one lug or handle.
Len, lend, loan.
Let na on, do not divulge.
Leugh, laughed.
Lick, to whip or beat; a blow.
Lied, ye lied, ye tell a lie.
Lift, the sky or firmament.
Lills, the holes of a wind instrument of music; hence, "lilt up a spring."
Lin, a waterfall.
Linkan, walking speedily.
Loan, or loaning, a passage for the cattle to go to pasture, left untilled; a little common, where the maids often assembled to milk the ewes.
Loe, or loo, to love.
Loof, the hollow of the hand.
Lounder, a sound blow.
Lout, to bow down, making courtesy; to stoop.
Low, flame. Lowan, flaming.
Lowp, to leap.
Lowrie, lawrie, cunning; a designation given to the fox.
Lucky, grandmother, or goody.
Lug, ear; handle of a pot or vessel.
Luggie, a dish of wood with a handle.
Lug out, pull or draw out.
Lyart, hoary or grey-haired.

M.

Mae, more.
Maik, or make, to match, equal.
Mailen, a farm.
Main, or mane, moan.
Mair, more.
Maist, most.
Mansworn, perjured.
Mavis, a thrush.
Maun, must. Mauna, must not, may not.
Mawt, malt.
Mear, mare.
Meikle, much, big, great, large.
Mennin, minnow.
Merl, the blackbird.
Midding, a dunghill.
Milk-bowie, milking-pail.
Mint, aim, endeavour, to attempt.
Mirk, dark.
Misca, to give names.
Mither, mother.
Mittons, woollen gloves.
Mony, many.
Mools, the earth of the grave.
Motty, full of motes.
Mou, or mow, mouth.
Mows, nae mows, no jest.
Muck, dung.
Muckle, see Meikle.

N.

Na, nae, no, not.
Nathing, naething, naithing, nothing.
Nane, none.
Near-hand, nearly, almost.
Neist, next.
Newcal, new calved (cows.)
Newfangle, fond of a new thing.
Nibour, neighbour.
Nick,—auld Nick, the devil.
Nive, the fist.
Nocht, nought, not.
Nor, than.
Nowt, cows, kine.
Nowther, neither.

O.

Obeysant, obedient.
O'ercome, surplus.
O'erput,—ne'er o'erput it, never get over it.
Onstead, the building on a farm, the farm-house.
Ony, any.
Or, sometimes used for ere, or before. Or day, i. e., before daybreak.
Orp, to weep with a convulsive pant.
Owk, week.
Owrlay, a cravat.
Owsen, oxen.
Oxter, the armpit.

P.

Pat, did put.
Paughty, proud, haughty.
Pawky, witty or sly in word or action, without any harm or bad designs.
Peets, turf for fire.
Pensy, finical, foppish, conceited.
Pit, to put.
Pith, strength, might, force.
Plaiding, a coarse tweeled woollen cloth.
Plet, plaited.
Plotcock, the devil.
Poinds your gear, distrains your effects.
Poke, bag.
Pople, or paple, the bubbling, purling, or boiling up of water.
Poortith, poverty.
Pou, pull.
Poutch, a pocket.
Pow, the poll, the head.
Prin, a pin.
Propine, gift or present.
Pu, pull.
Pund, pound.
Putt a stane, throw a big stone.

Q.

Quean, a young woman.
Quey, a young cow.

R.

Racket rent, rack-rent.
Rae, a roe.
Rair, or rare, roar.
Rashes, rushes.
Redd, to rid, unravel; to separate folks that are fighting. It also signifies clearing of any passage. "I am redd," I am apprehensive.
Red up, to put in order.
Reek, smoke.
Reest, to rust, or dry in the smoke.
Rever, a robber or pirate.
Rife, or ryfe, plenty.
Rigs of corn, ridges.
Rin, run.
Rock, a distaff.
Roose, or ruse, to commend, extol.
Roove, to rivet.
Roudes, a wrinkled, ill-natured woman.
Rousted, rusted.
Row, roll.
Rowan, rolling.
Rowt, to roar, especially the lowing of bulls and cows.
Rowth, plenty.
Ruck, a rick or stack of hay or corn.
Rumple, the Rump parliament.

S.

Sae, so.
Saebiens, seeing it is, since.
Saft, soft.
Sair, or sare, sore.
Sakeless, or saikless, guiltless, innocent, free.
Sald, sold.
Sall, shall; like soud for should.
Samen, same.
Sang, song.
Sark, a shirt.
Saugh, a willow or sallow tree.
Saul, soul.
Saw, an old saying, or proverbial expression.
Sawn, sown.
Sax, six.
Scad, or scawd, scald.
Scart, to scratch.
Scrimp, narrow, straitened, little.
Sell, self.
Sey, to try.
Shaw, a wood or forest.
To Shaw, to show.
Shellycoat, a goblin, a spirit who resides in the waters.
Sheveling-gabit, having a distorted mouth.
Shoon, shoes.
Shore, to threaten.
Sic, such.
Siccan, such kind of.
Siller, silver.
Simmer, summer.
Sindle, or sinle, seldom.
Singand, singing.
Sinsyne, since that time; lang sinsyne, long ago.
Skair, share.
Skaith, hurt, damage, loss.
Skelf, shelf.
Skelp, to run; to flog the buttocks.
Skiff, to move smoothly along.
Slaw, slow.
Sled, sledge, sleigh.
Slee, sly.
Slid, smooth, cunning, slippery; as, "he's a slid loun."
Sma, medium.
Smoor, to smother.
Snaw, snow.
Snood, the band for tying up a woman's hair.
Snool, to dispirit by chiding, hard labour, and the like; also, a pitiful grovelling slave.
Sonsy, happy, fortunate, lucky; sometimes used for large and lusty; plump, thriving.
Sorn, to spunge, or hang on others for maintenance.
Sough, the sound of wind among trees, or of one sleeping.
Spae, to foretell or divine. Spaemen prophets, augurs.
Spain, to wean from the breast.
Spait, or spate, a torrent, flood, or inundation.
Speer, to ask, inquire.
Spill, to spoil, abuse.
Spraings, stripes of different colours.
Spring, a tune on a musical instrument.
Sta, stall.
Stane, stone; a weight of 16 lbs.
Stang, did sting, to sting.
Stap, stop.
Starns, the stars.
Staw, stole.
Steek, to shut, close.
Stegh, to cram.
Stend, or sten, to move with a hasty long pace; to spring.
Stent, to stretch or extend; to limit or stint.
Stock-and-horn, a shepherd's pipe, made by inserting a reed pierced like a flute into a cow's horn; the mouth-piece is like that of a hautboy.
Stown, stolen.
Strae, straw.
Strak, struck.
Strapan, clever, tall, handsome.
Sung, singed.
Swat, did sweat.
Swith, quickly.
Syne, afterwards, then; since.

T.

Taid, a toad.
Tald, told.
Tane, taken.
Tarrow, to refuse what we love, from a cross humour.
Tass, a little dram-cup.
Tate, a medium lock of hair, or any little quantity of wool, cotton, &c.
Taz, a whip or scourge.
Tent, to attend, to take care of; to observe, to remark.
Thack, thatch.
Thae, those.
Than, then.
Thievless, wanting propriety, unmeaning.
Thirle, to thrill.
Thole, to endure, suffer.
Thow, thaw.
Thrang, throng.
Thrawart, froward, cross, crabbed.
Thrawin, stern and cross-grained.
Thrawn-gabet, wry-mouthed.
Tift, good order. In tift, in the mood.
Till, to. Till't, to it.
Timmer,—turn the timmer, put round the cup.
Tine, or tyne, to lose. Tint, lost.
Titty, sister.
Tocher, portion, dowry.
Tocher,—but tocher-good, without dowry.
Tod, a fox.
Tod Lawrie, a fox.
Tooly, to fight; to scramble; to romp.
Toom, empty, applied to a barrel, purse, house, &c.; also, to empty.
Tot, a fondling name given to a child.
Touse, tousle, or towzle, to rumple, to handle roughly.
Towin'd, tamed.
Towmond, a year or twelvemonth.
Towzle, to handle roughly.
Trig, neat, handsome.
Triste, or tryst, appointment.
Tron, an instrument erected in every burgh in Scotland, for the weighing of wool and other heavy wares.
Trow, to believe.
Tulzie, a quarrel or broil.
Twa three, two or three.
Twitch, touch.
Tyke, a dog of one of the larger and common breeds.

U.

Uneith, not easy.
Unfother'd, not foddered.
Unko, or unco, unknown, strange; very.
Unsonsy, unlucky, ugly.

V.

Virle, a ferrule.
Vissy, to view with care.

W.

Wa, or waw, wall.
Wad, would.
Wadna, would not.
Wae, sorrowful; woe.
Waefu', woeful.
Waff, wandering by itself; worthless.
Wale, to pick and choose; the best.
Wame, womb, the belly.
Wan, won.
War, or warse, worse.
Ware, wares, merchandise; to expend.
Wark, work.
Warld, world.
Warlock, wizard.
Warst, worst.
Wat, or wit, to know.
Wather, a male sheep that has been gelded while a lamb.
Watna-whats, know-not-whats.
Wauk, or wawk, to walk; to watch.
Wawking, watching.
We'an, or wee ane, a child.
Wear up, to drive off.
Wee, little.
Ween, thought, imagined, supposed.
Weer, to stop or oppose.
Westlin, westerly, westward.
West-Port, the sheep market-place of Edinburgh.
Wha, who.
Whase, whose.
Whilk, which.
Whindging, whining, whimpering.
Whins, furze.
Whisht, hush, hold your peace.
Whop, whip.
Will-fire, wild fire.
Wimpling, a turning backward and forward, winding like the meanders of a river.
Win, or won, to reside, dwell.
Winna, will not.
Winsom, gaining, desirable, agreeable, complete, large, handsome, charming.
Withershins, motion against the sun.
Wobster,—the deel gaes o'er John Wobster, the devil's to pay.
To Won, to dry by exposing to the sun and air.
Wond, wound, wrapped around.
Woo, or w, wool.
Wood, mad.
Woody, the gallows: for, a withy was formerly used as a rope for hanging criminals.
Wordy, worthy.
Wow, wonderful, strange.
Wrang, wrong.
Wreaths of snow, when heaps of it are blown together by the wind.
Wyle, or wile, to entice.
Wyte, or wite, to blame, blame.

Y.

Yestreen, yesternight.
Yont, beyond.
Youdith, youthfulness.
Youl, to yell.
Yule, Christmas.

A

CATALOGUE

OF THE

SCOTTISH POETS,

FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD.

NEW YORK:

WILLIAM GOWANS.

1852.

CATALOGUE

OF THE

SCOTTISH POETS,

AND OF THE BEST EDITIONS OF THEIR WORKS.

ADAMSON, H. The Muse's Threnodie, or, Mirthful Mournings; and a Poetical Description of Perth. Map. 8vo. Perth, 1774.

ADAMSON, JOHN. The Muse's Welcome to the high and mighty prince James, king of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, after his happy return to his old and native kingdome of Scotland, after XIII years absence. Folio. Edinburgh, 1618.

ADAMSON, PATRICK. (Archbishop of St. Andrews.) Paraphrase of the Book of Job. 1597.

ANDERSON, PATRICK. The Picture of a Scotish Baron Court: a Dramatic Poem. 12mo. pp. 48. Edinburgh, 1821.

AINSLIE, HEW. A Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, interspersed with Poems and Songs. 12mo. 1820.

ALLAN, EDWARD. Original Poems. 12mo. pp. 108. Glasgow, 1836.

ALLAN, ROBERT. Evening Hours: Poems and Songs. 12mo. pp. 237. Glasgow, 1836.

ALVES, ROBERT. The Weeping Bard, and other Miscellaneous Poems. 1789.

ANE PLEASANT GARLAND of Sweet Scented Flowers. 4to. pp. 31. 1835.

ANSTRUTHER, SIR WILLIAM. Essays, Moral and Divine; interspersed with Poetry. 1701.

ARBUTHNOT, ALEXANDER. Miseries of a Poor Scholar, Praise of Women, Love, &c., &c. 1583.

ARBUTHNOT, JOHN, M. D. Aye and No: a Poem. N. D.

ARMSTRONG, JOHN. Art of Preserving Health, and other Poems and Plays. 2 vols. 12mo. London, 1770.

ARMSTRONG, JOHN. Juvenile Poems, with Remarks on Poetry. 1791.

AYTON, SIR ROBERT. Poems on Woman's Inconstancy. 1600.

BAILLIE, JOANNA. Poems, Songs, and Plays. 8vo. pp. 847. $4.00. London, 1851.

BALFOUR, ALEXANDER. Characters omitted in Crabbe's Parish Register, with other Tales. 12mo. pp. 277. Edinburgh, 1825.

BALFOUR, SIR JAMES. (Ballads, and other Fugitive Poetical Pieces, chiefly Scottish, from the collection of) 4to. Edinburgh, 1834.

BALNAVES, HENRY. A Poetical Rhapsody. N. D.

BANNATYNE, GEORGE. (Ane Ballet Book, written in the year of God 1558; and Ancient Scottish Poems, published from the MS. of) N. D.

BARBOUR, JOHN. The Bruce and Wallace; or, the Metrical History of Robert I. King of Scots, and Sir William Wallace. Published from a manuscript dated 1489, as preserved in the Advocate's Library, with Notes, Glossary, and a Memoir of the Life of the Author. By John Jamieson. 2 vols. 4to. pp. 625 and 664. Edinburgh, 1820.

BARCLAY, ALEXANDER. Here begynneth the Eglogues, whereof the fyrst thre conteyneth the Myseryes of Courters and Courts of all Prynces in general. The fourth conteyning the Manners of Rich Men anenst Poets and other Clerks. N. D.

BARCLAY, JOHN. A Description, in verse, of the Roman Catholic Church. 1679.

BARCLAY, L. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish idiom. 12mo. pp. 185. Glasgow, 1832.

BARRY, THOMAS. (Provost of Bothwell.) The Battle of Otterburn Bower. M.S. 1338.

BEATTIE, JAMES. Original Poems and Translations. 8vo. pp. 198. London, 1760.

BEATTIE, JAMES HAY. Literary and Poetical Remains. 1800.

BELL, JOHN. Cartlane Craigs: a Poem. 12mo. pp. 73. Edinburgh, 1816.

BELLENDEN, JOHN. (Translator of Hector Bœce.) The Proheme of the Cosmographe. Folio. 1556.

BINNEY, JAMES. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 18mo. Kelso, 1815.

BLACK, R. JOHN. The Falls of Clyde; or, the Fairies. A Scottish Dramatic Pastoral, in Five Acts, with Three Preliminary Dissertations. 8vo. pp. 241. Edinburgh, 1806.

BLACKLOCK, THOMAS. A Collection of Original Poems. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 239 and 260. Edinburgh, 1760.

BLACKWOOD, ADAM. De Jure Regni. 1644.

BLAIR, JOHN. (Chaplain to Sir William Wallace.) A History of Wallace, in verse; written jointly by him and Thomas Gray. N. D.

BLAIR, ROBERT. The Grave, and other Poems. Edinburgh, 1731.

BLAMIRE, MISS. Songs in the Scottish dialect. N. D.

BOSWELL, SIR ALEXANDER. Songs, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 8vo. pp. 34. Edinburgh, 1803.

BOYD, MARK ALEXANDER. Poems—Latin, English, and Scottish. 1601.

BOYD, ZACHARIAH. A Poetical Version of the Bible, and other Poems. 1643.

BROWN, HUGH. The Covenanters, and other Poems. 1825.

BRUCE, MICHAEL. Poems on Several Occasions. 12mo. pp. 176. Edinburgh, 1807.

BRUCE, GEORGE. Poems and Songs on Various Occasions. 8vo. pp. 203. Edinburgh, 1811.

BUCHAN, P. The Recreation of Leisure Hours; being original Songs and Verses, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 18mo. pp. 138. Edinburgh, N. D.

BUCHANAN, ANDREW. Rural Poetry. 12mo. pp. 148. Stirling, 1817.

BUCHANAN, DUGALD. (Schoolmaster at Rannoch.) Poems in the Gaelic language. 1770.

BUCHANAN, GEORGE. A Latin Version of the Psalms of David, Satires, Epigrams, and Plays. 1600.

BUREL, JOHN. The Description of the Queen's Majesties Maist Honorable Entree into the Town of Edinburgh, upon the 19th day of May, 1590. 1590.

BURNE, NICOL. The Disputation concerning the controverted Heads of Religion holden in the realme of Scotland. (A poetical satire against the Reformers.) An Admonition to the Antichristian Ministers of the Deformed Kirk of Scotland. 1581.

BURNES, JOHN. Plays, Poems, Tales, and other Pieces. 12mo. pp. 317. Montrose, 1819.

BURNS, ROBERT (of Hamilton). Poems and Songs, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 1798.

BURNS, ROBERT. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. Original edition. 8vo. Kilmarnock, 1786.

BURNS, ROBERT. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 8vo. pp. 368. Portrait (original Edinburgh edition). Edinburgh, 1787.

BURNS, ROBERT. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 2 vols. Small 8vo. pp. 249 and 283. Second edition. Edinburgh, 1793.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Works of, with an account of his Life, and a criticism on his Writings. To which is added Some Observations on the Character of the Scotish Peasantry, with a copious Glossary. By Dr. J. Currie. 4 vols. 8vo. pp. 395, 469, 425, and 414. London, 1802.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Works of, with his Life, and numerous wood-cuts by Bewick, after Thurston. 2 vols. 12mo. Newcastle, 1808.

BURNS, ROBERT. Poems, with an account of his Life and Miscellaneous Remarks on his Writings, containing also many Poems and Letters not printed in Dr. Currie's edition. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 320 and 379. Edinburgh, 1811.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Works of, edited by the Ettrick Shepherd and William Motherwell. 5 vols. 12mo. pp. 344, 328, 348, 383, and 425. Fifteen engravings. Glasgow, 1830.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Works of, with a Life by Allan Cunningham. 8 vols. 12mo. pp. 384, 345, 346, 377, 336, 329, 344, and 384. (Sixteen engravings.) London, 1834.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Works of, containing his Life by John Lockhart; the Poetry and Correspondence of Dr. Currie's edition; Biographical Sketches of the Poet by himself, Gilbert Burns, Professor Stuart, and others; Essay on Scottish Poetry; Burns's Songs from Johnson's Musical Museum and Thompson's Select Melodies; Select Scottish Songs by other Poets, from the best collections, with Burns's Remarks. 8vo. pp. 591. Edinburgh, 1837.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Poems of. A new edition, with additional Poems, a new Life of the Author and Notes, edited by Sir Harris Nicolas. 3 vols. 12mo. London, 1839.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Works of, with a Life by Allan Cunningham, and Notes by Gilbert Burns, Lord Byron, Thomas Campbell, Thomas Carlyle, Robert Chambers, Wm. Cowper, Cromek, Allan Cunningham, Dr. Currie, Wm. Hazlitt, James Hogg, Lord Francis Jeffrey, T. Landseer, J. Lockhart, W. Motherwell, Sir Walter Scott, Professor John Wilson, and Wm. Wordsworth. Royal 8vo. pp. 820. London, 1846.

BURNS, ROBERT. The Life and Works of, edited by Robert Chambers. 4 vols. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1852.

BURT, JOHN. Horæ Poeticæ; or, the Transient Musings of a solitary Lyre, consisting of Poems and Songs in English and Scotch. 18mo. pp. 194. Burlington, N. J., 1819.

CAMERON, WILLIAM. A Poetical Dialogue on Religion, in the Scottish dialect, between two Gentlemen and two Ploughmen; and, two additional Cantos to Dr. Beattie's Minstrel. Edinburgh, 1788.

CAMPBELL, GEORGE. Poems and Songs, &c. Born 1761.

CAMPBELL, THOMAS. The Pleasures of Hope, Gertrude of Wyoming, Theodoric, Pilgrims of Glencoe, and other Poems and Songs. V. Y.

CHAMBERS, ROBERT. Poems by. 4to. pp. 48. Edinburgh, 1835.

CRICHTON, JAMES. (The Admirable.) Latin Poems. Sine loco, sine anno.

CHURCHYARD, THOMAS. Chips concerning Scotland, being a collection of his Pieces relative to that country; with Historical Notes, and a Life of the Author. (Edited by George Chalmers.) 12mo. pp. 221. London, 1817.

CLAPPERTON, —. Wa Worth Maryage! N. D.

CLARKE, WILLIAM. The Grand Tryal; or, Poetical Exercitations upon the Book of Job. 1685.

CLELAND, WILLIAM. A collection of several Poems and Verses composed upon various occasions. 12mo. pp. 140. 1697.

COCHRAN, WILLIAM. The Seasons, in Four Descriptive Poems, with Moral Reflections and Hymns. 1780.

COCKBURN, MRS. The Flowers of the Forest, and other Songs. N. D.

COLVIL, R. The Caledonian Hero, and other Poems. 8vo. 1788.

COLVIL, SAMUEL. The Whigs' Supplication; or, the Scotch Hudibras: a mock Poem, in two parts. 18mo. pp. 148. St. Andrews, 1796.

COWPER, ROBERT. Poetry, chiefly in the Scottish language. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 285. Inverness, Scotland, 1808.

CRAWFORD, ARCHIBALD. The Rash Vow, Bonnie Mary Hay, and other Songs and Poems. 1825.

CRAWFORD, DAVID. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect; and two Comedies, namely, Courtship à la Mode, Love at First Sight, and Love Epistles in Verse. Edinburgh, 1798.

CRAWFORD, ROBERT. The Bush aboon Traquair, and other Songs. 1732.

CRAIG, ALEXANDER. Amorous Songs, Sonnets, and Elegies. 4to. London, 1604.

CRAIG, JOHN. Poems. 12mo. pp. 147. Edinburgh, 1827.

CUNNINGHAM, A. (Earl of Glencairn.) Epistles, and other Poems. 1542.

CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN. Sir Marmaduke Maxwell, a Dramatic Poem; the Mermaid of Galloway; the Legend of Richard Foulder; and twenty Scottish Songs. 12mo. pp. 210. London, 1822.

CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN. The Maid of Elvar. A Poem, in Twelve Parts. 12mo. London, 1832.

CUNNINGHAM, THOMAS M. Har'st Kirn, and other Poems and Songs. 1797.

DALRYMPLE, JAMES. A Collection of Songs. 1756.

DALYELL, JOHN. Scottish Poems of the Sixteenth Century. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 161 and 380. Edinburgh, 1802.

DALZIEL, GAVIN. John and Saunders, a Pastoral; and the Downfall of Napoleon, with other Poems. 1792.

DAVIDSON, JOHN. The Poetical Remains of, with a Biographical Account of the Author. 12mo. pp. 73. Edinburgh, 1829.

DEMPSTER, THOMAS. Poems and Plays. N. D.

DIXON, JAMES H. Scottish Traditional Versions of Ancient Ballads. 12mo. London, 1845.

DOIG, DAVID, LL.D. Panoramic Poems. N. D.

DONALDSON, JAMES. (Farmer.) A Pick Tooth for Swearers; or, a Looking-glass for Atheists and Profane Persons: and Husbandry, Anatomized. 1698.

DONALD, ANDREW. Plays, Poems, and Songs. London, 1787.

DOW, ALEXANDER. Plays and Poems. 1769.

DOUGLAS, FRANCIS. (Baker.) Rural Love, a Tale in the Scottish dialect, and the Birth Day. 1741.

DOUGLAS, GAWIN. (Bishop of Dunkeld.) Satire on the Times; quharin the Author schawes the Staet of thys Fals Warld, quhere all Thyngs is turnit fra Vertue tye Vyce. N. D.

DOUGLAS, GAWIN. (Bishop of Dunkeld.) The Palice of Honour. 1553.

DOUGLAS, GAWIN. (Bishop of Dunkeld.) The thirteen Bukes of Eneados, of the Famous Poet Virgill. Translated out of Latyne verses into Scottish metir. Every Buke having hys perticular Prologue. 4to. London, 1553.

DOUGLAS, GAWIN. (Bishop of Dunkeld.) Virgil's Æneis, translated into Scottish verse by the famous Gawin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld. A new edition, wherein many of the errors of the former are corrected, and the defects supplied from an excellent Manuscript. To which is added a large Glossary, explaining the difficult words, which may serve for a Dictionary to the old Scottish language. To which is prefixed, an Account of the Author's Life and Writings, from the best historical records. Folio. pp. 468, and a Glossary. Edinburgh, 1710.

DOUGLAS, GAWIN. (Bishop of Dunkeld.) A Description of Winter, with his Great Storms and Tempests, and a Description of May. N. D.

DOUGLAS, R. K. Poems and Songs, chiefly Scottish. 12mo. pp. 168. Edinburgh, 1824.

DOUN, ROBERT. Poems in the Gaelic language. N. D.

DRUMMOND, SIR WILLIAM (of Hawthornden). The Poems of, with the Life of the Author, by Peter Cunningham. 12mo. pp. 336. London, 1833.

DRUMMOND, THOMAS, LL.D. Poems Sacred to Religion. 1756.

DUDGEON, M. Songs, Poems, &c. N. D.

DUNBAR, JOHN. Epigrams and Elegies. 1616.

DUNBAR, WILLIAM. The Poems of, now first collected, with Notes, and a Memoir of his Life, by David Laing. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 326 and 498. $5.50. Edinburgh, 1834.

EGLISHAM, D. (The Detractor of Buchanan.) Latin Poems, &c.

ELLIOT, SIR GEORGE. Amynta, and other Poems. 1725.

ERSKINE, ANDREW. Plays, Eclogues, and Songs. 1670.

ERSKINE, HENRY. The Emigrant, a Poem; the Sensitive Plant and the Nettle; Songs, &c.

ERSKINE, REV. RALPH. Gospel Sonnets, and other Poems. 1740.

ERSKINE, SIR DAVID. King James the First of Scotland, a Tragedy in Five Acts. 12mo. pp. 114. Kelso, 1827.

ERSKINE, SIR DAVID. King James the Fifth of Scotland, a Tragedy in Five Acts. 12mo. pp. 145. Kelso, 1828.

EWEN, REV. JOHN. The Boatic Rows, and other Songs. N. D.

FAIRLIE, ROBERT. The Kalender of Man's Life, in Rhym, and Moral Emblems. London, 1638.

FALCONER, WILLIAM. The Shipwreck, and other Poems. 1785.

FENTON, PETER. (A Monk.) A Metrical History of Robert Bruce. M. S. 1369.

FERGUSON, ROBERT. The Poetical Works of, with a copious Life of the Author, and numerous engravings on wood by Bewick. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 272 and 254. Newcastle, N. D.

FINLAY, JOHN. Wallace; or, The Vale of Ellerslie, with other Poems. 12mo. pp. 170. Glasgow, 1806.

FINLAYSON, WILLIAM. Simple Scottish Rhymes. 12mo. pp. 166. Paisley, 1815.

FISHER, JAMES. (The Blind Musician.) Poems on Various Subjects. Dumfries, 1792.

FLEMING, JOHN. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 151. Cupar, Fife, 1803.

FORBES, ROBERT. Ajax's Speech to the Grecian Knobs, a Journal to Portsmouth and a Shop Bill. Written in the broad Buchan dialect. Edinburgh, 1795.

FORBES, WILLIAM. The Dominie Deposed; or, Intrigue with a Young Lass. (In the Buchan dialect.) 18mo. Paisley, 1798.

FOWLER, WILLIAM. The Tarantules of Love, and other Poems. 1627.

FRAME, JAMES. City Odes, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 172. Glasgow, 1814.

FULLERTON, JOHN. The Turtle-Dove, under the Absence and Presence of her only Choice. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1664.

FYFE, ARCHIBALD. Poems and Criticisms. 12mo. pp. 144. Paisley, 1806.

GALL, RICHARD. Poems and Songs, with a Memoir of the Author. 12mo. pp. 168. Edinburgh, 1819.

GALLOWAY, ROBERT. (Bookseller.) Poems, Epistles, and Songs, in the Scottish dialect. Glasgow, 1783.

GALT, JOHN. Poems on Various Subjects. 8vo. pp. 104. London, 1833.

GARDEN, F. (Lord Gardenstone.) Miscellaneous Poems on Various Subjects. 1764.

GAULD, HARRY. Poems and Songs. 12mo. pp. 226. Aberdeen, 1828.

GEDDES, WILLIAM. The Saints' Recreation. 1683.

GEDDES, ALEXANDER. The Battle of Bangor; or, the Church's Triumph, and other Poems. 1797.

GEMMEL, DAVID. Shaws Water, a Poem in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 18. Glasgow, 1828.

GERROND, JOHN. The Poetical and Prose Works, Travels, and Remarks of. 12mo. pp. 224. Leith, 1813.

GIBSON, JOHN. Odes and other Poems. 18mo. pp. 127. Edinburgh, 1818.

GILFILLAN, ROBERT. Poems and Songs. Fifth edition. 12mo. pp. 382. Edinburgh, 1851.

GILMOUR, JOHN. Poetical Remains, Harvest Home, Sabbath Sacrament, and other Poems. 12mo. 1828.

GLASS, JOHN. The River Tay, a Fragment. N. D.

GLASS, WILLIAM. Scenes of Gloamin, Original Scottish Songs. 12mo. pp. 48. Stirling.

GLASS, WILLIAM. The Caledonian Parnassus: a Museum of Original Scottish Songs. 12mo. pp. 64. Edinburgh, 1812.

GLENCAIRN, ALEXANDER. (Earl of.) Ane Epistle directed from the Holy Heremite of Allareit to his Brethren of the Graye Freyre. 1566.

GLOVER, JANE. Author of "O'er the Moor amang the Heather." 1788.

GLASSFORD, * * * Bannockburn, a Poem in Four Books. 8vo. pp. 248. Glasgow, 1810.

GOLDIE, JOHN. Poems and Songs by Nichol Nano. 1821.

GOLDIE, JOHN. (The Poetic Seaman.) The Deil's Burial, Death and Davie L., Ode to a Haggis, and other Poems. 1826.

GORDON, GILBERT. A Poem in imitation of the Cherry and Slae, &c. 1701.

GORDON, PATRICK. The Famous Historie of the Renouned and Valliant Prince Robert, surnamed the Bruce, King of Scotland, &c., and sundrie other Valiant Knights, both Scots and English. 4to. Dort, 1615.

GORDON, PATRICK. The First Boke of the Famous Historye of Penardo and Laessa, otherwyse called the Warres of Love and Ambition. Done in Heroick Verse. 8vo. Dort, 1615.

GRÆME, JAMES. Poems on several occasions, with an account of the Life of the Author by Dr. Anderson. Edinburgh, 1773.

GRAHAM, D. History of the Rise, Progress, and Extinction of the late Rebellion in 1745, '46. 8vo. Glasgow, 1774.

GRAHAME, JAMES. Poetical Works of. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 171, 314, and 248. Edinburgh, 1817.

GRAHAM, JOHN (of Yew York). Songs, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. V. D.

GRAINGER, JOHN. Translation of the Elegies of Tibulius, Poems of Sulpitia, and other Poems. London, 1758.

GRAHAM, JAMES. (Marquis of Montrose.) Amatory Poems. N. D.

GRAHAME, SIMEON. The Passionate Sparke of a Relenting Minde, and the Anatomie of Humors. Edinburgh, 1604.

GRANT, MRS. The Highlanders, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 362. Edinburgh, 1810.

GRAY, CHARLES. Lays and Lyrics. 12mo. pp. 272. Edinburgh, 1841.

GRAY, CHARLES. Poems, &c., &c. 12mo. pp. 175. Cupar, 1811.

GRAY, ROBERT. Poems in the Scotch and English dialects. 8vo. pp. 156. Glasgow, 1793.

GRAY, SIMON. Edinburgh: or, The Ancient Royalty: a Sketch of former Manners; with Notes. 12mo. pp. 48. Edinburgh, 1816.

GREENFIELD, ANDREW. Poems, &c. 1790.

HAMILTON, CHARLES. (Lord Binning,) Ungrateful Nancy, and the Duke of Argyle's Levee. 1740.

HAMILTON, ELIZABETH. Popular Opinions; or, a Picture of Real Life exhibited in a Dialogue between a Scottish Farmer and a Weaver, &c., &c., &c. To which is added an Epistle from the Farmer to Elizabeth Hamilton in Scottish Verse. 8vo. pp. 108. Glasgow, 1812.

HAMILTON, PAUL. Poems, Songs, and Translations, &c. N. D.

HAMILTON, THOMAS. (Earl of Haddington.) Forty Select Poems, on several occasions, and Tales in Verse. Edinburgh, 1735.

HAMILTON, WILLIAM (of Bangour). Poems on several occasions. 12mo. pp. 262. Portrait. Edinburgh, 1760.

HARPER, WILLIAM. A Version of the Song of Solomon. Edinburgh, 1775.

HARVEY, JOHN. (Schoolmaster.) A Collection of Miscellaneous Poems, and a Life of Robert Bruce in Verse. Edinburgh, 1729.

HAY, PETER. An Heroic Songe. Aberdeen, 1647.

HENDERSON, ANDREW. Tragedies, &c. 1752.

HENRYSON, ROBERT. (Schoolmaster of Dumferling.) Borrowstown Mons and the Landwart Mous, and other Fables. In Scottish Verse. 1575.

HERON, ROBERT. The Schoolmaster—a Play, and other Poems. N. D.

HETRICK, ROBERT. (The Dalmellington Poet.) Craigs of Ness. A Poem and other Poems and Songs. 1826.

HERVEY, JOHN. The Life of Robert Bruce King of Scots. An Heroic Poem, in Three Books. 4to. pp. 232. Edinburgh, 1729.

HEWIT, ALEXANDER. (Ploughman.) Poems on Various Subjects, English and Scotch. 12mo. pp. 159. Berwick, 1823.

HOFLAND, MRS. Wallace; or, the Fight of Falkirk. A Metrical Romance. 8vo. pp. 252. London, 1810.

HOGG, JAMES. The Queen's Wake. A Legendary Poem. 8vo. pp. 356. Edinburgh, 1813.

HOGG, JAMES. Queen Hynde. A Poem, in Six Books. 8vo. pp. 443. London, 1825.

HOGG, JAMES. The Jacobite Relics of Scotland; being the Songs, Airs, and Legends of the Adherents to the House of Stuart, collected and illustrated by James Hogg. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 444 and 488. (With Music.) Edinburgh, 1819 and 1821.

HOGG, JAMES. Scottish Pastorals, Poems, Songs, &c., mostly written in the dialect of the South. 8vo. pp. 62. Edinburgh, 1802.

HOGG, JAMES. Jock Johnstone the Tinkler. A Poem. See Blackwood for 1829.

HOGG, JAMES. A Queer Book. (Poems.) 12mo. pp. 397. Edinburgh, 1832.

HOGG, JAMES. Songs, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 317. Edinburgh, 1831.

HOGG, JAMES. Dramatic Tales, or Play in all four, namely: All-Hallow Eve, Sir Anthony Moore, The Profligate Prince, and The Haunted Glen. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 274 and 271. Edinburgh, 1817.

HOGG, JAMES. The Mountain Bard, consisting of Ballads and Songs founded on Facts and Legendary Tales. 8vo. pp. 476. Edinburgh, 1821.

HOGG, JAMES. The Pilgrims of the Sun; a Poem. 8vo. pp. 148. London, 1818.

HOGG, JAMES. The Poetic Mirror; or, the Living Bards of Britain. 12mo. pp. 275. London, 1816.

HOGG, JOHN. Poems on Different Subjects, in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 128. Hawick, 1806.

HOGG, WILLIAM. Poems, chiefly in the Latin language. 1706.

HOLLAND, SIR RICHARD. The Buke of the Houlate; or, the Danger of Pride. An Allegorical Poem. (In MS.) 1450.

HOME, JOHN. Douglas; or, The Noble Shepherd: a Tragedy, and other Plays. 3 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1822.

HOPE, JOHN. Thoughts, in Prose and Verse. Edinburgh, 1780.

HOY, JOHN. Poems on Various Subjects. Edinburgh, 1781.

HUDSON, THOMAS. Historie of Judeth, and Essays of an Aprentese in the Divine Art of Poesie. 1600.

HUME, ALEXANDER. Epistle to Moncrief; viz., Defeat of the Spanish Armada, Flyting with Montgomery, &c. 1599.

HUME, ALEXANDER. Scottish Songs. 12mo. London, 1835.

HUME, DAVID. Poems, chiefly Latin. Paris, 1639.

IMLAH, JOHN. May Flowers: Poems and Songs; some in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 256. London, 1827.

INGLES, HENRY. Marican, and other Poems. 8vo. pp. 144. Edinburgh, 1851.

INGLIS, SIR JAMES. Poems, consisting of Songs, Ballads, Satires, Plays, and Farces. (In MS.) About 1513.

INGLIS, SIR JAMES. The Complaynt of Scotland, written in 1548, with a Preliminary Dissertation and Glossary. 4to. pp. 384. Edinburgh, 1801.

INGRAM, WILLIAM. Poems in the English and Scottish dialects. 8vo. pp. 126. Aberdeen, 1812.

JAMES THE FIRST. (King of Scotland.) The Works of; to which is appended an Historical and Critical Dissertation on his Life and Writings. 12mo. pp. 395. Glasgow, 1825.

JAMES THE FIFTH. (King of Scotland.) Chryste's Kirk on the Greene. N. D.

JAMES THE SIXTH. (King of Scotland.) Phœnix; a Metaphorical Invention, Paraphrase on Lucian, Poem on Tyme, &c., &c. 1616.

JAMES THE SIXTH. (King of Scotland.) The Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie. With a prefatory Memoir by R. P. Gillies. 4to. Edinburgh, 1814.

JAMES THE SIXTH. (King of Scotland.) His Majestie's Poetical Exercises at Vacant Hours. 4to. Edinburgh, N. D.

JAMIESON, J. Songs inspired by several occasions. V. D.

JOHNSTON, ARTHUR. Parerga and Epigrammata, and a Latin Version of the Psalms of David. 1632.

JOHNSTON, PATRICK. The Three Death's Heads. N. D.

KEITH, C. The Farm's Ha, and other Poems. 1776.

KENNEDY, JOHN. Fancy's Tour with the Genius of Cruelty, and Geordie Chalmers, or the Law in Glenbuckie. 1807.

KENNEDY, WALTER. The Flyting between Dunbar and Kennedy, and other Poems. 1508.

KERR, LYON. Scottish Poems, Songs, &c. 18mo. pp. 128. Perth, 1802.

KERR, ROBERT. (Earl of Ancram.) Poems and Sonnets. Edinburgh, 1624.

KNOX, WILLIAM. The Harp of Zion. A Series of Lyrics founded on the Hebrew Scriptures. 12mo. pp. 190. Edinburgh, 1825.

LAIDLAW, WILLIAM. Lucy's Flittin, and other Songs. N. D.

LAMONT, Æ. M. Poems and Tales in Verse. 12mo. pp. 179. London, 1811.

LANDSBOROUGH, DAVID. Arron: a Poem. 12mo. pp. 176. Edinburgh, 1827.

LAPRAIK, JOHN. (Contemporary and friend of Burns.) Poems on Several Occasions. 8vo. pp. 248. Kilmarnock, 1788.

LEMON, JAMES. Original Poems and Songs—partly in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 108. Glasgow, 1840.

LEYDEN, JOHN. Scottish Descriptive Poems; with some Illustrations of Scotch Literary Antiquity. 12mo. pp. 248: and Scenes of Infancy, descriptive of Teviotdale. 12mo. pp. 184. Edinburgh, 1803.

LEYDEN, JOHN. The Poetical Remains of. With Memoirs of his Life by James Morton. 8vo. pp. 415. Edinburgh, 1819.

LIDDLE, WILLIAM. Poems on Different Occasions, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 244. Edinburgh, 1821.

LINEN, ALEXANDER. Poems, in the Scottish dialect, on Various Occasions. 12mo. pp. 300. Edinburgh, 1815.

LINDESAY, SIR DAVID. The Workis of the famous and worthie Knicht Schir Lyndesny of the Mount, alias Lyoun King of Armes. Newly correctit, and vindicated from the former errouris quhairwith they war befoir corruptit, and augmentit with sundrie Warkis quhilk was not before imprentit. The Contents of the Buke, and quhat Warkis or augmentit, the nixt syde sail schaw. (First collected edition of this author's works.) 4to. Edinburgh, 1568.

LINDSAY, SIR DAVID. (Of the Mount, Lion King at Arms under James V.) The Poetical Works of. A new edition, corrected and enlarged, with the Life of the Author, prefatory dissertations, and an appropriate Glossary by George Chalmers. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 470, 420, and 524. Edinburgh, 1810.

LINDSEY, ANN. Auld Robin Gray, and other Songs. N. D.

LITHGOW, WILLIAM. Pilgrim's Farewell to his Native Country of Scotland, wherein is contained, in way of Dialogue, the Joyes and Miseries of Peregrination. With his Lamantado in his Second Travels. 4to. Edinburgh, 1618.

LITHGOW, WILLIAM. The Gushing Teares of Godly Sorrow, containing the Causes, Conditions, and Remedies of Sinne, depending mainly upon Contrition and Confession. 4to. Edinburgh, 1640.

LITTLE, JANET. (The Scottish Milkmaid.) Songs, &c. 1784.

LOCHORE, ROBERT. Poems and Songs in the Scottish dialect. 1799.

LOCKHART, CHARLES. Poems of, on Various Subjects, in which are blended the Humourous and Pathetic. 12mo. pp. 178. Ayr, 1836.

LOCKHART, SIR MUNGO. Poems, &c. This author's works are entirely lost. 1530.

LOGAN, JOHN. Poems and Plays, including a Life of the Author. 12mo. pp. 223. Edinburgh, 1804.

LOVE, JAMES. Poems on Several Occasions. 8vo. pp. 115. Edinburgh, 1756.

LOWE, DR. ALEXANDER. Mary's Dream, and other Songs and Poems. N. D.

LYLE, THOMAS. Ancient Ballads and Songs, chiefly from Tradition, Manuscripts, and Scarce Works, with Biographical and Illustrative Notices, including Original Poetry. 12mo. pp. 250. London, 1827.

MACAULAY, JAMES. Poems on Various Subjects, in Scotch and English. 12mo. pp. 332. Edinburgh, 1788.

MACDONALD, ALEXANDER. Poems, in Gaelic. 8vo. 1751.

MAC'INDOE, G. The Wandering Muse; or, a Miscellany of Original Poetry. 12mo. pp. 228. Paisley, 1818.

MACLAURIN, JOHN. (Lord Dreghorn.) The Works of. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 189 and 391. Edinburgh, 1798.

MACNEIL, HECTOR. The Poetical Works of. A new edition, corrected and enlarged. Five plates and portrait. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 163 and 196. Edinburgh, 1806.

MACNEIL, HECTOR. The Links of Forth; or, A Parting Peep at the Carse o' Stirling. A Plaint. 8vo. pp. 60. Edinburgh, 1799.

MACPHERSON, JAMES. Poetical Works. 12mo. pp. 118. Edinburgh, 1802.

MACPHERSON, DONALD. Melodies from the Gaelic, and Original Poems, with Notes on the Superstitions of the Highlanders, &c. 12mo. pp. 225. London, 1824.

MACQUEEN, THOMAS. (Mason.) The Exile: a Poem in Seven Books. 12mo. pp. 166; and My Gloaming Amusements, a Variety of Poems on several serious and entertaining subjects. Glasgow, 1836.

MACTAGGART, JOHN. The Scottish, Caledonian Encyclopedia; or, the Original, Antiquated, and Natural Curiosities of the South of Scotland—interspersed with Scottish Poetry. 8vo. pp. 504. London, 1824.

MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD. Auld Kyndness Poryett the Miseries of the Tyme, &c. 1611.

MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD. Satire on the Town Ladies, The Age, Malice of Poets, New Year, and other Poems. 4to. 1570.

MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD (of Lethington). Poems. With an Appendix of Selections from the Poems of Sir John Maitland, Lord Thirlstane, and of Thomas Maitland. 4to. pp. 246. Glasgow, 1830.

MAJORIBANKS, THOMAS. Trifles in Verse, by a Young Soldier. 3 vols. Kelso, 1774.

MALLET, DAVID. Poetical Works. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 201, 234, and 254. London, 1760.

MATHISON, THOMAS. The Golf, an Heroic Poem, in Three Cantos. 1754.

MAYNE, JOHN. The Siller Gun, a Poem, in Five Cantos; and Glasgow, a Poem. 12mo. pp. 256. London, 1836.

M'COLL, EVAN. The Mountain Minstrel; or, Poems and Songs in English. 18mo. pp. 332. Edinburgh, 1838.

MERCER, JAMES. Lyric Poems, &c. 1804.

MERCER, WILLIAM. England's Looking-glasse. N.D.

MESTON, WILLIAM. The Poetical Works. 12mo. pp. 240. Edinburgh, 1767.

MICKLE, WILLIAM JULIUS. The Poetical Works. Collected from the best editions by Thomas Park. 24mo. pp. 160. London, 1808.

MITCHELL, JOHN. A Night on the Banks of Doon, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 162. Paisley, 1838.

MITCHELL, JOSEPH. Pinky House, and other Poems and Plays. 2 vols. 1729.

M'KAY, ARCHIBALD. Drouthy Tom, and other Poems, &c. N. D.

MOFFAT, JOHN. The Wife of Auchtermuchty, and other Poems. N. D.

MOLLESON, ALEXANDER. Miscellanies in Prose and Verse. 12mo. pp. 222. Glasgow, 1805.

MONTEITH, ROBERT. Fratres Fraterrimi Translated, and Ane Theatre of Mortality. Edinburgh, 1704.

MONTGOMERY, ALEXANDER. The Cherry and Sloe, with other Poems and Songs, &c. 1575.

MONTGOMERY, JAMES. The Wanderer of Switzerland, The West Indies, The World before the Flood, Greenland, Songs of Zion, The Pelican Islands, Prison Amusements, Miscellaneous Poems, Lectures on Poetry, Prose by a Poet, &c., &c. V. D.

MOORE, DUGALD. The Bards of the North. A Series of Poetical Tales illustrative of Highland Scenery and Character. 12mo. pp. 222. Glasgow, 1833.

MOORE, JAMES. Spirit of the Scots and English Rebels in 1745 Characterized, and other Poems. 1750.

MORRISON, DAVID. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 8vo. pp. 224. Montrose, 1790.

MOTHERWELL, WILLIAM. Minstrelsy, Ancient and Modern, with an Historical Introduction and Notes. 4to. pp. 518. Glasgow, 1827.

MOTHERWELL, WILLIAM. Poems, Narrative and Lyrical. 4to. pp. 232. Glasgow, 1832.

MOTHERWELL, WILLIAM. Posthumous Poems. 12mo. pp. 187. Boston, 1851.

MOUNTGOMERY, ALEXANDER. The Poems of, with Biographical Notices by David Irving. 12mo. pp. 319. Edinburgh, 1821.

M'PHIEL, D. Songs in the Scottish dialect. V. D.

M'RAE, JOHN. Original Poems and Songs. 12mo. pp. 193. Inverness, Scotland, 1816.

MURRAY, DAVID. The Tragical Death of Sophonisba, and other Pieces. London, 1611.

MURRAY, DAVID. (Viscount Stormont.) Elegies, &c. 1715.

MUIR, WILLIAM. Poems on Various Subjects, with Notes, Biographical and Critical. 12mo. pp. 330. Glasgow, 1818.

MYLNE, JAMES. Poems, consisting of Miscellaneous Pieces; and two Tragedies. 8vo. pp. 435. Edinburgh, 1790.

NAPIER, JOHN. (Lord Merchiston.) Poetical Version of the Sybillan Oracles. Edinburgh.

NASMYTH, ARTHUR. Divine Poems, and The Man's Looking-glass. Edinburgh, 1665.

NEILANS, ALEX. The Hagis, and other Scottish Poems. N. D.

NICOL, ALEXANDER. Nature without Art; or, Nature's Prayers in Poetry; and a Fourth Canto of Christ's Kirk on the Green. 1766.

NICOL, ROBERT. Poems and Lyrics. Edinburgh, 1835.

NICOL, JAMES. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 196 and 194. Edinburgh, 1805.

NICHOLSON, WILLIAM. Tales in Verse, and Miscellaneous Poems. 12mo. pp. 262. Edinburgh, 1814.

OGILBY, JOHN. Translations of Homer, Æsop, Virgil, and other Poems. 1649.

OGILVIE, JOHN. Poems on Several Subjects. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 296 and 286. Dublin, 1769.

OGILVY, MRS. D. A Book of Highland Minstrelsy, with Illustrations by R. R. M'Ian. 4to. pp. 272. London, 1846.

OSWALD, JOHN. The Virgin's Dream, and other Poems. N. D.

OSSIAN. The Poems of, in the original Gaelic, with a literal translation into Latin by the late Robert Macfarlan; together with A Dissertation on the Authenticity of the Poems by Sir John Sinclair, Bart.; and a Translation from the Italian of the Abbé Cesacotti's Dissertation on the Controversy respecting the Authenticity of Ossian, with Notes and a Supplementary Essay by John M'Arthur. Published under the sanction of the Highland Society in London. 3 vols. royal 8vo. pp. 500, 390, and 576. Portrait of Ossian. London, 1807.

OSSIAN. The Poems of, &c., containing the Poetical Works of James Macpherson, Esq., in Prose and Rhyme, with Notes and Illustrations by Malcolm Laing. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 579 and 634. Edinburgh, 1805.

PACE, JAMES. Poems on Various Occasions. 18mo. pp. 95. Edinburgh, 1804.

PAGAN, ISABEL. (Author of "Ca the Yowes to the Knowes.") 1797.

PANTHER, PATRICK, D. D. Valliados, a Poem in Prais of Wallace. 1633.

PARK, WILLIAM. The Vale of Esk, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 206. Edinburgh, 1833.

PATERSON, NINION. Epigrams, &c. 1679.

PATTERSON WILLIAM. Plays, &c. 1738.

PATTERSON, WALTER. The Legend of Iona, with other Poems. 8vo. pp. 342. Edinburgh, 1814.

PENNECUIK, ALEXANDER. The Works of, containing the Description of Tweeddale and Miscellaneous Poems. A new edition, with copious Notes, forming a complete history of the country to the present time. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1815.

PICKEN, EBENEZER. Miscellaneous Poems, Songs, &c., partly in the Scottish dialect, with a copious Glossary. 2 vols. 18mo. pp. 199 and 183. Edinburgh, 1818.

PINKERTON, JOHN. Rimes by. 12mo. pp. 226. London, 1782.

PITCAIRNE, ARCHIBALD, M. D. Select Poems and Plays. London, 1722.

PREEBLES, WILLIAM. A poet and commentator on Burns; died 1826.

PRIMROSS, DAVID. Welcome to James's Return to Scotland. N. D.

PRINGLE, THOMAS. The Poetical Works of. 8vo. pp. 258. Portrait and two plates. London, 1839.

RAMSAY, ALLAN. Poems by. Portrait. 2 vols. 4to. (First collected edition.) Edinburgh, 1721 and 1728.

RAMSAY, ALLAN. The Poems of. A new edition, corrected and enlarged; with a Glossary. To which are prefixed a Life of the Author, from authentic documents; and Remarks on his Poems from a large view of their merits; authentic Portrait, from an original drawing by his son, the late Allan Ramsay; fac simile of the Poet's handwriting, and copper-engraved Vignette. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 573 and 608. London, 1800.

RAMSAY, ANDREW. The Creation—the Happy Condition of Man before the Fall. Edinburgh, 1630.

RAMSAY, JOHN. Poems and Songs in the Scottish dialect. N. D.

RANKIN, WILLIAM. Poems on Different Subjects. 18mo. pp. 127. Leith, 1812.

RENNIE, JOHN. Poems, Miscellaneous and Pastoral. 2 vols.

RICHARDSON, WILLIAM. Poems, chiefly Rural. 12mo. 1775.

RICHARDSON, WILLIAM. The Maid of Lochlin, a Lyrical Drama, with Legendary Odes, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 123. London, 1801.

RIDDELL, HENRY S. Songs of the Ark, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 336. Edinburgh, 1831.

ROBERTSON, ALEXANDER (of Strowan). Poems on Various Subjects and Occasions. 8vo. pp. 260. Edinburgh, N. D.

RODGERS, ALEXANDER. Poems and Songs, Humorous and Satirical. 12mo. pp. 339. Glasgow, 1838.

ROLLAND, JOHN. Ane Treatise callit The Court of Venus; The Seven Sages; and The Priest of Peblis: a Poetical Satire. 1542.

ROSS, ALEXANDER. A Picture of the Life of Christ taken from the Georgies of Virgil.

ROSS, ALEXANDER. Heleonore; or, The Fortunate Shepherdess: a Poetical Tale. To which is added the Life of the Author, containing a particular description of the romantic place where he lived, and an account of the manners and amusements of the people of that period, by his grandson, the Rev. Alexander Thomson. 12mo. pp. 200. Dundee, 1812.

RUSSELL, WILLIAM, LL. D. Poems and Songs. N. D.

SADLOCK, M. Songs, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. N. D.

SANDS, JOHN SIM. Poems on Various Subjects, Political, Satirical, and Humorous. 12mo. pp. 220. Arbroath, 1833.

SCOTT, ALEXANDER. (The Scottish Anacreon.) Lament of the Master of Erskin, Advyee to Wowars, Counsel to Lustie Ladies, The Blate Lover, and other Poems. 1550.

SCOTT, ALEXANDER. A New Year's Gift, addressed to Queen Mary, when she came first hame. 1562.

SCOTT, ANDREW. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 18mo. pp. 204. Kelso, 1811.

SCOTT, WALTER. Ancient Chronicles and Traditions of our Fathers. 1688.

SCOTT, SIR WALTER. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border; Sir Tristram; Lay of the Last Minstrel; Ballads, Translations, and Imitations from the German; Marmion—a Tale of Flodden Field; Lady of the Lake; Rokeby; The Vision of Don Roderick; The Lord of the Isles; Bridle of Tuermain; Harold the Dauntless; The Field of Waterloo; Plays; Miscellaneous and Occasional Poems, Songs, &c. V. Y.

SEMPIL, FRANCIS. The Banishment of Poverty, and she rose and let me in. 1638.

SEMPIL, SIR JAMES. The Packman and the Priest. 1601.

SEMPLE, ROBERT. Philetus, Ballat of Three Female Taverneers, Fleming Borg, Elegy on Habit, Simpson the Piper of Kilmarnock, &c. 1568.

SHARP, ANDREW. A Collection of Poems, Songs, and Epigrams in Scotch, English, and Irish. 12mo. pp. 154. Perth, 1820.

SHAW, QUINTIN. Advice to a Courtier: a Poem. 1560.

SHIRREFS, ANDREW. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 8vo. pp. 406. Edinburgh, 1790.

SILLAR, DAVID. (Contemporary and friend of Burns.) Poems by. 8vo. pp. 251. Kilmarnock, 1789.

SIMSON, ANDREW. Trepatriarchicon, or the Lives of the three Patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in Verse; and Doleful Lamentations on the "Hored Murther" of Archbishop Sharp. 1705.

SIMPSON, WILLIAM (of Ochiltree). Songs, &c. 1788.

SKINNER, REV. JOHN. Amusements of Leisure Hours, or Poetical Pieces, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. To which is added a Sketch of the Author's Life, with some Remarks on Scottish Poetry. 12mo. pp. 144. Edinburgh, 1809.

SMITH, THOMAS. Moral, Humorous, and Sentimental Poems. 12mo. pp. 336. Glasgow, 1806.

SMART, ALEXANDER. Rambling Rhymes. 16mo. pp. 243. Edinburgh, 1834.

SMOLLETT, TOBIAS, M. D. Tears of Scotland, Ode to Independence, and other Poems and Plays. 1750.

STAGG, JOHN. Miscellaneous Poems, some of which are in the Cumberland dialect. 12mo. pp. 249. Workington, 1805.

STEEL, DAVID. The Three Tales of the Three Priests of Pebles; contayning many notybill Examples and Sentences; and King of Roy Robert. 4to. (MS.) 1400.

STEVENSON, WILLIAM. Poems. 2 vols. 12mo. 1765.

STEWART, ALLAN. The Poetical Remains of, with a Memoir of the Author. 12mo. pp. 144. Paisley, 1838.

STILL, PETER. The Cottar's Saturday, and other Poems, chiefly in Scottish dialect. 18mo. pp. 216. Philadelphia, 1846.

STIRRAT, JAMES. Poems and Songs, in the Scottish dialect. N. D.

STIRLING, EARL OF. (William Alexander.) Recreations with the Muses. Folio. pp. 594. London, 1637; and Doomes-day; or, the Great Day of the Lord's Judgment. 4to. Edinburgh, 1614.

STONE, JEROME. The Immortality of Authors: a Poem; and Translations from the Gaelic. N. D.

STRUTHERS, JOHN. The Plough, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 112. Glasgow, 1818.

STRUTHERS, JOHN. Poems, Moral and Religious. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 176 and 189. Glasgow, 1814.

STRUTHERS, JOHN. The Harp of Caledonia; or, Songs, Ancient and Modern, chiefly in the Scottish dialect, with copious Annotations. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 367, 425, and 456. Glasgow, 1819.

SYDSERF, SIR THOMAS. Comedies and Tragedies. 1666.

TAIT, ALEXANDER. (The Tarbolton Poet.) Poems and Songs. 8vo. pp. 280. Paisley, 1790.

TANNAHILL, ROBERT. The Works of, namely, Songs and Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect; and a Play. With a Life of the Author and a Memoir of Robert Smith the musical composer, by Philip A. Ramsay. 12mo. pp. 258. London, 1850.

TAYLOR, WILLIAM. Poems by, mostly in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 55. Paisley, 1808.

TELFER, JAMES. Border Ballads, and other Miscellaneous Pieces. 18mo. pp. 163. Jedburgh, 1824.

THOM, WILLIAM. Rhymes and Recollections of a Hand-loom Weaver. 12mo. pp. 200. London, 1847.

THOMAS of ERCILDOUNE. Sir Tristram, a Metrical Romance of the Thirteenth Century, by Thomas of Ercildoune, called the Rhymer. Edited by Walter Scott, Esquire, Advocate. 8vo. pp. 494. Edinburgh, 1804.

THOMSON, JAMES. Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 237. Leith, 1819.

THOMSON, JAMES. Ayrshire Melodies, or Select Poetical Effusions. 12mo. 1814.

THOMSON, JAMES. The Seasons, Britannia, Liberty, Plays, and Minor Poems. 2 vols. 4to. London, 1736.

TRAIN, JOSEPH. Strains of the Mountain Muse, Funeral of Sir Archibald the Wicked, &c. 1819.

TURNBULL, GAVIN. (Comedian.) Poems and Songs, &c. 8vo. 1793.

TYTLER, ALEXANDER. The Tempest: a Poem. 1681.

TYTLER, DR. H. W. Art of Nursing Children: a Poem from the Italian; and Callimachus' Hymns, translated from the Greek. 1806.

URQUHART, SIR THOMAS. Epigrams and Inventions. N. D.

VEDDER, DAVID. Poems, Legendary, Lyrical, and Descriptive. 12mo. pp. 352. Edinburgh, 1842.

VEDDER, DAVID. The Covenanters' Communion, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 157. Edinburgh, 1828.

VEDDER, DAVID. Arcadian Sketches, Legendary and Lyrical Pieces. 12mo. pp. 106. Edinburgh, 1832.

VILANT, WILLIAM. Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs; and Gospel Call in Meter. Edinburgh, 1689.

WALKER, JOHN. Poems in English, Scotch, and Gaelic, on Various Subjects. 12mo. pp. 143. Glasgow, 1817.

WALKER, THOMAS. (The Poetical Tailor.) A Picture of the World: a Poem. N. D.

WATSON, DAVID. Translation of Horace, and other Poems. London, 1752.

WATSON, THOMAS. The Rhymer's Family, a Collection of Bantlings. Arbroath, Scotland, 1851.

WEBER, HENRY. Metrical Romances of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Centuries. Published from Ancient Manuscripts, with an Introduction, Notes, and a Glossary. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 466, 479, and 459. Edinburgh, 1815.

WEDDERBURN, JAMES. The Complaint of Scotland Gude and Godly, Ballats, Psalms Versefyed. 1599.

WEDDERBURN, JAMES. Plays, in the Scottish language. 1540.

WHITEFORD, CALEB. The Hen and the Golden Egg, and other Poems. London, 1782.

WILKIE, WILLIAM. The Epigoniad: a Poem, in Nine Books. 12mo. pp. 278. London, 1769.

WILSON, ALEXANDER. (The Ornithologist.) Poems, chiefly in the Scottish dialect, with an Account of the Life and Writings of the Author. 12mo. pp. 256. London, 1816.

WILSON, GAVEM. A Collection of Masonic Songs, and Entertaining Anecdotes for the Use of all the Lodges. 1788.

WILSON, JOHN. Clyde: a Poem; The Day Festival; Earl Douglas, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 252. Edinburgh, 1803.

WILSON, WILLIAM. (Schoolmaster.) Douglas Water, Heppintone, and other Poems of a Mournful, Religious, and Melancholy cast. About 1800.

WRIGHT, JOHN. The Retrospect of Youthful Scenes, with other Poems and Songs. 12mo. pp. 177. Edinburgh, 1830.

WYSE, GEORGE. Original Poems and Songs. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 252, 230, and 300. Glasgow and Falkirk, 1825-29.

WYNTOWN, ANDREW OF. De Oryggneal Cronykil of Scotland. Now first published, with Notes, a Glossary, &c., by David Macpherson. 2 vols. pp. 501 and 523. London, 1795.

YEMAN, ALEXANDER. The Fisherman's Hut in the Highlands of Scotland, and other Poems. 12mo. pp. 152. London, 1807.

COLLECTIONS, AND ANONYMOUS AUTHORS.

A BOOK of Scottish Pasquels, &c. Three Parts in one Volume. Edinburgh, 1827.

A CHOICE Collection of Scotch Poems, Ancient and Modern, selected chiefly from the labours of the most ingenious Writers in this kingdom during the last two centuries. 12mo. pp. 178.

A COLLECTION of Comic and Serious Scotch Poems, both Ancient and Modern, by several Bards. Three Parts. 12mo. pp. 146, 117, and 120. Edinburgh, 1706.

A COLLECTION of Scarce, Curious, and Valuable Pieces, both in Verse and Prose, chiefly selected from the fugitive productions of the most eminent Wits of the present age. 12mo. pp. 412. Edinburgh, 1784.

A COLLECTION of Ancient and Modern Scottish Ballads, Tales, and Songs, with explanatory Notes and Observations. By John Gilchrist. 2 vols. 12mo. London, 1815.

A NEW BOOK of Old Ballads. 12mo. pp. 78. Edinburgh, 1844.

A PILGRIMAGE to the Land of Burns, containing Anecdotes of the Bards and the Characters he immortalized, with numerous Pieces of Poetry, Original and Collected. 12mo. pp. 260. Deptford, 1822.

A PLEASANT HISTORY of Roswell and Lillian. 4to. pp. 310. Edinburgh, 1663.

A TALE of the Three Bonnets, in Four Cantos. 18mo. Paisley, N. D.

ALLAN, JOHN (of New York). Ayrshire and the Land of Burns. This is a unique repository of Newspaper Cuttings, Ballads, Songs, Biographical Anecdotes, Autograph Letters, Oral Traditions, Queer Jokes, Cards of Invitation, besides portraits of distinguished personages, and a great assemblage of engraved views of noted places in that renowned part of Scotland. Collected by the diligence of the present owner, and arranged with great taste and beauty, in one folio volume. New York, N. D.

ANCIENT SCOTTISH MELODIES, from a Manuscript in the reign of King James VI., with an Introductory Inquiry Illustrative of the History of Music in Scotland by William Downey. 4to. pp. 390. Edinburgh, 1838.

ANCIENT SCOTTISH POEMS, published from the MS. of George Bannatyne, 1568. Edited by Lord Hailes. 8vo. £1 1s. Edinburgh, 1815.

ANCIENT SCOTTISH POEMS. Two—the Gaberlunzie-man and Christ's Kirk on the Green, with Notes and Observations by John Callander. 8vo. pp. 192. Edinburgh, 1772.

ANCIENT SCOTTISH BALLADS, recovered from Tradition, and never before published, with Notes, historical and explanatory, and an Appendix, containing the Airs of several of the Ballads. 8vo. pp. 270. London, 1827.

AYRSHIRE. The Ballads and Songs of Ayrshire, illustrated with Sketches, Historical, Traditional, Narrative, and Biographical. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 120 and 122. Ayr, 1846 and '47.

CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER. An Introduction to the History of Poetry in Scotland from the beginning of the 13th Century to the Present Time, together with a Conversation on Scottish Songs. To which are subjoined Songs of the Lowlands of Scotland, carefully compared with the original editions, and embellished with characteristic designs, composed and engraved by the late David Allan. 2 vols. 4to. pp. 374 and 220. Music and Plates. Edinburgh, 1798.

CHALMERS, ROBERT. Scottish Songs Collected and Illustrated. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 706. Edinburgh, 1829.

CHAMBERS, ROBERT. Scottish Ballads Collected and Illustrated. 12mo. pp. 399. Edinburgh, 1829.

COLLECTION of Ancient Scottish Prophecies in Alliterative Verse: reprinted from Waldegrave's edition, M.DC.III. 4to. pp. 80. Edinburgh, 1833.

CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN. The Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern; with an Introduction and Notes Historical and Critical, and Characters of the Lyric Poets. 4 vols. crown 8vo. pp. 352, 352, 352, and 364. London, 1825.

FINLAY, JOHN. Scotch Historical and Romantic Ballads, chiefly ancient, with Explanatory Notes and Glossary. To which is prefixed Some Remarks on the Early State of Romantic Composition in Scotland. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 214 and 204. Edinburgh, 1808.

FRAGMENTS of Ancient Poetry Collected in the Highlands of Scotland, and translated from the Gaelic or Erse language. 12mo. pp. 200. First edition of the Ossianic Poems. Edinburgh, 1760.

FRAGMENTA SCOTO. Dramatica, 1715 and 1758. 12mo. pp. 48. Edinburgh, 1835.

GILCHRIST, JOHN. A Collection of Ancient and Modern Scottish Ballads, Tales, and Songs, with Explanation Notes and Observations. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 393 and 380. Edinburgh, 1815.

HERD, DAVID. Ancient and Modern Scottish Songs, Heroic Ballads, &c. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 312 and 382. Edinburgh, 1776. Third and improved edition. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 360 and 371. Edinburgh, 1791.

JACOBITE MINSTRELSY, with Notes illustrative of the Text, and containing Historical Details in relation to the House of Stuart from 1640 to 1784. 18mo. pp. 378. Glasgow, 1827.

JAMESON, ROBERT. Popular Ballads and Songs from Tradition, Manuscripts, and Scarce Editions; with Translations of similar Pieces from the Ancient Danish language, and a few Original by the editor. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 371 and 409. Edinburgh, 1806.

JOHNSON, JAMES. The Scottish Musical Museum; consisting of upwards of Six Hundred Songs, with Proper Basses for the Pianoforte, originally published by James Johnson, and now accompanied with copious Notes and Illustrations of the Lyric Poetry and Music of Scotland by the late William Stenhouse, with Additional Illustrations. 6 vols. 8vo. pp. 320, 226, 226, 270, 249, and 260. London, 1839.

LAING, DAVID. Early Metrical Tales, including the History of Sir Egeir, Sir Gryme, and Sir Gray Steill. 12mo. pp. 310. (175 copies printed.) Edinburgh, N. D.

LINTOUN GREEN; or, The Third Market-day of June, 1685: a Poem, in Nine Cantos. To which is added Carlop Green; or, Equality Realized: a Poem, in Three Cantos, written in the year 1793. 12mo. pp. 178.

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. Legends of, and other Ancient Songs, now first published from MSS. of the Sixteenth Century, with an Introduction, Notes, and an Appendix. 4to. pp. 174. London, 1790.

MEMORABLES of the Montgomeries: a Narrative in Rhyme. 4to. Glasgow, 1770.

MINSTRELSY of the Scottish Border, consisting of Historical and Romantic Ballads, collected in the counties of Scotland; with a few of modern date, founded upon Local Tradition. (By Sir Walter Scott.) 3 vols. 8vo. pp. 438, 392, and 420. Kelso.

MORRISON, R. A Select Collection of Favourite Scottish Ballads, with copper plates. 4 vols. 18mo. Perth, 1790.

NITHSDALE MINSTREL, being Original Poetry, chiefly of the Bards of Nithsdale. 12mo. pp. 314. Dumfries, 1815.

NORTHERN ANTIQUITIES. Illustrations of, from the Earliest Teutonic and Scandinavian Remains, being an abstract of the Books of Heroic and Nibelungin Lays, with Translations of Metrical Tales—from the old German, Danish, Scottish, Icelandic languages—with Notes and Illustrations. 4to. pp. 522. Edinburgh, 1814.

NORTHERN MINSTRELSY, being a Select Specimen of Scottish Songs, with a Glossary, and wood engravings. 12mo. pp. 138. N. D.

PERCY, THOMAS. (Bishop of Dromore.) Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, consisting of old Heroic Ballads, Songs, and other Pieces of our earlier Poets, together with a few of later date. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 489, 405, and 410. Engraved head and tail pieces. London, 1775.

PINKERTON, JOHN. Ancient Scottish Poems, never before in print, but now published from the Manuscript Collections of Sir Richard Maitland, comprising Pieces written from about 1420 to 1586, with large Notes and a Glossary. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 326 and 380. London, 1786.

PINKERTON, JOHN. Scottish Ballads, a Collection of. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 225 and 240. London, 1771.

PINKERTON, JOHN. Scottish Poems Reprinted from Scarce Editions. 3 vols. 12mo. pp. 215, 263, and 246. London, 1792.

PINKERTON, JOHN. Select Scottish Ballads, containing Ballads in the Tragic style and Comic kind. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 216 and 240. London, 1773.

POEMS, consisting chiefly of Odes and Elegies. 12mo. pp. 176. Glasgow, 1810.

POEMS, written in Leisure Hours. (By a Journeyman Mason.) 12mo. pp. 263. Inverness, 1829.

RITSON, JOSEPH. Scottish Songs. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 408 and 262. London, 1794.

RITSON, JOSEPH. The Caledonian Muse: a Chronological Collection of Scottish Poetry from the Earliest Times; with vignettes engraved by Heath after the designs of Stothard. 12mo. pp. 232. London, 1821.

ROB STENE'S Dream: a Poem, printed from a Manuscript in the Leightonian Library, Dumblane. 4to. pp. 48. Glasgow, 1836.

SCOTTISH ELEGIAC VERSES. MD.C.XXIX.-M.D.C.C.XXIX., with Notes, and an Appendix of Illustrative Papers. 8vo. pp. 330. Edinburgh, 1842.

SELECT REMAINS of the Ancient Popular Poetry of Scotland, collected by David Laing. 4to. pp. 328. Edinburgh, 1822.

SIBBALD, J. Chronicles of Scottish Poetry from the Thirteenth Century to the Union of the Crowns. To which is added a Glossary. 4 vols. 8vo. pp. 492, 438, 512, and 63. Edinburgh, 1802.

SHELDON, FREDERIC. The Minstrelsy of the English Border, being a Collection of Ballads, Ancient, Remodeled, and Original, founded on the well-known Border Legends, with Illustrative Notes. 4to. pp. 432. London, 1847.

THE BATTLE of Flodden Field. 12mo. Black Letter. Newcastle, 1822.

THE BALLAD BOOK. (Mussel Mou'd Charlie.) 12mo. pp. 88. Edinburgh, 1827.

THE CALEDONIAN. A Collection of Poems, written chiefly by Scottish Authors. 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 176 and 236. London, 1775.

THE HAR'ST RIG and the Farmer's Ha—two Poems in the Scottish dialect. 12mo. pp. 64. Edinburgh, 1801.

THE SONGS of England and Scotland. 2 vols. pp. 351 and 361. London, 1835.

THOMSON, GEORGE. The Select Melodies of Scotland, interspersed with those of Ireland and Wales, united to the Songs of Burns, Sir Walter Scott, and other distinguished Poets, with Symphonies and Accompaniments for the Pianoforte by Pleyel, Kozeluch, Haydn, and Beethoven, the whole composed for a Collection by George Thomson. 6 vols. medium folio. London, N. D.

THOMSON, WILLIAM. Orpheus Caledonius; or, a Collection of Scots Songs set to Music. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 114 and 110. London, 1733.

VARIOUS PIECES of Fugitive Scottish Poetry, principally of the Seventeenth Century. (Edited by David Laing.) 12mo. pp. about 300. Edinburgh, N. D.

WALLACE. The Lyfe and Actis of the Maist Illuster and Vailzeand Champion William Wallace, Knicht of Ellerslie, Mainteiner and Defender of the Libertie of Scotland. 4to. Edinburgh, 1594.

WEBER, HENRY. The Battle of Flodden Field: a Poem of the Sixteenth Century; with the various readings of the different copies, historical notes, a Glossary, and an Appendix containing Ancient Poems and Historical Matters relating to the same event. 8vo. pp. 389. 2 plates. Edinburgh, 1808.

[1] The poet Burns writes of it thus:—"I once, and but once, got a glance of that noble edition of the noblest pastoral in the world; and dear as it was, I mean dear as to my pocket, I would have bought it; but I was told that it was printed and engraved for subscribers only."

[Burns to Mr. Cunningham, 3d March, 1793.

[2] We have before us two editions of the "Tea-table Miscellany;" one in 3 parts or volumes, 9th edition, London, 1733; the other in 4 volumes, 11th edition, London, 1750. Near the end of the second volume this notice occurs in both editions:—

"The following SONGS to be sung in their proper Places on the acting of the Gentle Shepherd, at each the page marked where they come in."

Then follow the first twenty songs; (Song XXI., which concludes the Pastoral, not being noticed;) at the head of each it is stated by whom sung, and the page where it "comes in" is given. It would seem, therefore, that the songs were mainly intended for "the acting;" and that many copies of the Pastoral were extant without the songs, to the pages of which these references in the "Miscellany" thus formed an index or guide.