The Filtration of Public Water-supplies

About this eBook

Author

Hazen, Allen, 1869-1930

Title

The filtration of public water-supplies Third edition, revised and enlarged.

Original Publication

United States: John Wiley & Sons,1900,pubdate 1905.

Credits

Charlene Taylor, Brian G. Wilcox and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

TD: Technology: Environmental technology, Sanitary engineering

Subject

Filters and filtration

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 69025

Release Date

September 21, 2022

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.THE FILTRATION OF PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLIES. — BY ALLEN HAZEN,
2. 2.PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.
3. 3.PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION.
4. 4.CONTENTS.
5. 5.UNITS EMPLOYED.
6. 6.ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
7. 7.Untitled
8. 8.CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.
9. 9.CHAPTER II. CONTINUOUS FILTERS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION. — SEDIMENTATION-BASINS. — SIZE OF FILTER-BEDS. — FORM OF FILTER-BEDS. — COVERS FOR FILTERS.
10. 10.CHAPTER III. FILTERING MATERIALS. — SAND. — SANDS USED IN EUROPEAN FILTERS. — EFFECT OF SIZE OF GRAIN UPON EFFICIENCY OF FILTRATION. — EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE UPON FREQUENCY OF SCRAPING. — SELECTION OF SAND. — THICKNESS OF THE SAND LAYER. — UNDERDRAINING. — GRAVEL LAYERS. — UNDERDRAINS. — DEPTH OF WATER ON THE FILTERS.
11. 11.CHAPTER IV. RATE OF FILTRATION AND LOSS OF HEAD. — EFFECT OF RATE UPON COST OF FILTRATION. — EFFECT OF RATE UPON EFFICIENCY OF FILTRATION. — THE LOSS OF HEAD. — REGULATION OF THE RATE AND LOSS OF HEAD IN THE OLDER FILTERS. — APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE RATE AND LOSS of HEAD. — APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE RATE DIRECTLY. — APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE HEIGHT OF WATER UPON FILTERS. — LIMIT TO THE LOSS OF HEAD.
12. 12.CHAPTER V. CLEANING FILTERS. — FREQUENCY OF SCRAPING. — QUANTITY OF SAND TO BE REMOVED. — WASTING THE EFFLUENTS AFTER SCRAPING. — SAND-WASHING.
13. 13.CHAPTER VI. THEORY AND EFFICIENCY OF CONTINUOUS FILTRATION. — BACTERIAL EXAMINATION OF WATERS.
14. 14.CHAPTER VII. INTERMITTENT FILTRATION. — THE LAWRENCE FILTER. — CHEMNITZ WATER-WORKS. — APPLICATION OF INTERMITTENT FILTRATION.
15. 15.CHAPTER VIII. TURBIDITY AND COLOR, AND THE EFFECT OF MUD UPON SAND-FILTERS. — THE MEASUREMENT OF COLOR. — AMOUNT OF COLOR IN AMERICAN WATERS. — REMOVAL OF COLOR. — MEASUREMENT OF TURBIDITY. — RELATION OF PLATINUM-WIRE TURBIDITIES TO SUSPENDED MATTERS. — SOURCE OF TURBIDITY. — THE AMOUNTS OF SUSPENDED MATTERS IN WATER. — PRELIMINARY PROCESSES TO REMOVE MUD. — EFFECT OF MUD UPON SAND FILTERS. — EFFECT OF TURBIDITY UPON THE LENGTH OF PERIOD. — POWER OF SAND FILTERS TO PRODUCE CLEAR EFFLUENTS FROM MUDDY WATER. — EFFECT OF MUD UPON BACTERIAL EFFICIENCY OF FILTERS. — LIMITS TO THE USE OF SUBSIDENCE FOR THE PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF MUDDY WATERS.
16. 16.CHAPTER IX. THE COAGULATION OF WATERS. — SUBSTANCES USED FOR COAGULATION. — COAGULANTS WHICH HAVE BEEN USED. — AMOUNT OF COAGULANT REQUIRED TO REMOVE TURBIDITY. — AMOUNT OF COAGULANT REQUIRED TO REMOVE COLOR. — SUCCESSIVE APPLICATION OF COAGULANT. — THE AMOUNT OF COAGULANT WHICH VARIOUS WATERS WILL RECEIVE.
17. 17.CHAPTER X. MECHANICAL FILTERS. — PROVIDENCE EXPERIMENTS. [39] — LOUISVILLE EXPERIMENTS. [40] — LORAIN TESTS. [41] — PITTSBURG EXPERIMENTS. [42] — WASTING EFFLUENT AFTER WASHING FILTERS. — INFLUENCE OF AMOUNT OF SULPHATE OF ALUMINA ON BACTERIAL EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL FILTERS. — INFLUENCE OF DEGREE OF TURBIDITY UPON BACTERIAL EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL FILTERS. — AVERAGE RESULTS OBTAINED WITH VARIOUS QUANTITIES OF SULPHATE OF ALUMINA. — TYPES OF MECHANICAL FILTERS. — EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL FILTERS. — PRESSURE FILTERS.
18. 18.CHAPTER XI. OTHER METHODS OF FILTRATION. — WORMS TILE SYSTEM. — THE USE OF ASBESTOS. — FILTERS USING HIGH RATES OF FILTRATION WITHOUT COAGULANTS. — HOUSEHOLD FILTERS.
19. 19.CHAPTER XII. REMOVAL OF IRON FROM GROUND-WATERS. — AMOUNT OF IRON REQUIRED TO RENDER WATER OBJECTIONABLE. — CAUSE OF IRON IN GROUND-WATERS. — TREATMENT OF IRON-CONTAINING WATERS. — IRON-REMOVAL PLANTS IN OPERATION.
20. 20.CHAPTER XIII. TREATMENT OF WATERS. — COST OF FILTRATION. — WHAT WATERS REQUIRE FILTRATION?
21. 21.CHAPTER XIV. WATER-SUPPLY AND DISEASE—CONCLUSIONS.
22. 22.Untitled
23. 23.APPENDIX I. RULES OF THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT IN REGARD TO THE FILTRATION OF SURFACE-WATERS USED FOR PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLIES.
24. 24.APPENDIX II. EXTRACTS FROM “BERICHT DES MEDICINAL-INSPECTORATS DES HAMBURGISCHEN STAATES FÜR DAS JAHR 1892.”
25. 25.APPENDIX III. METHODS OF SAND ANALYSIS (From the Annual Report of the Massachusetts State Board of Health for 1892.)
26. 26.APPENDIX IV. FILTER STATISTICS. — NOTES REGARDING SAND FILTERS IN THE UNITED STATES. — CAPACITY OF FILTERS.
27. 27.APPENDIX V. LONDON’S WATER-SUPPLY.
28. 28.APPENDIX VI. THE BERLIN WATER-WORKS.
29. 29.APPENDIX VII. ALTONA WATER-WORKS.
30. 30.APPENDIX VIII. HAMBURG WATER-WORKS.
31. 31.APPENDIX IX. NOTES ON SOME OTHER EUROPEAN WATER-SUPPLIES. — THE USE OF UNFILTERED SURFACE-WATERS. — THE USE OF GROUND-WATER. [65]
32. 32.APPENDIX X. LITERATURE OF FILTRATION.
33. 33.APPENDIX XI. THE ALBANY WATER-FILTRATION PLANT. (Abridged from Proceedings American Society of Civil Engineers, Nov. 1899.) — DESCRIPTION OF PLANT. — CAPACITY OF PLANT AND MEANS OF REGULATION. — RESULTS OF OPERATION. — COST OF CONSTRUCTION.
34. 34.FOOTNOTES:
35. 35.INDEX.
36. 36.SHORT-TITLE CATALOGUE OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF JOHN WILEY & SONS, New York. London: CHAPMAN & HALL, Limited.

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