PROTEA CORDATA.

Heart-shape-leaved Protea.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx, proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.

Blossom four-cleft or four petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the ends. Cup, proper, none. Seeds solitary.

See Protea formosa, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis cordatis.

Protea with heart-shaped leaves.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Heart-shape-leaved Protea was introduced to Britain in the year 1792, from the Cape of Good Hope, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy; at whose nursery it is now, this present month of March, 1803, in flower for the first time in this country. The plant is only found on the mountains of that part of the Cape called Hottentots Holland; the stem, in its native state, laying on the ground, seldom more than a foot in length, and the flowers proceeding from it near its base. It is rather delicate, should be kept in a very airy part of the green-house, and planted in a light loamy soil. It is propagated by cuttings, made in the month of April, and kept under a common hand-glass, the pot being plunged in a shady border.

Of this Protea there is a good figure in Thunberg’s Dissertatio de Protea, Upsal, quarto edition, 1781, Plate 5, fig. 1.

APONOGETON DISTACHYON.

Broad-leaved Aponogeton.

CLASS XI. ORDER IV.

DODECANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Twelve Chives. Four Pointals.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx nullus, nisi squama spathacea externum latus floris cingens, simplex, sessilis, ovata, obtusa, integra, erecta, glabra, colorata.

Corolla nulla.

Stamina. Filamenta undecim ad novemdecim, superioribus floribus pauciora, intra spatham et capsulas inserta, subulata, glabra, alba, spatha multoties breviora. Antheræ erectæ, bifidæ.

Pistilla. Germina plerumque quatuor, raro tria seu quinque. Styli nulli. Stigmata subulata, incurvata.

Pericarpium. Capsulæ quatuor, rarius tres seu quinque, ovatæ, subulato-acutæ, exteriore latere gibbæ, interiore planæ, glabræ, unilocularis.

Semina, in quacumque capsula tria, basi capsula affixa, sessilia, obovata, obtusissima, sub-compressa, glabra.

Empalement none, except a sheathing scale surrounding the outer side of the flower, simple, sitting close, egg-shaped, obtuse, intire, upright, smooth, coloured.

Blossom none.

Chives. Threads eleven to nineteen, in the upper flowers fewer, inserted between the spathe and the capsules, awl-shaped, smooth, white, much shorter than the spathe. Tips upright, two-cleft.

Pointals. Seed-buds often four, seldom three or five. Shafts none. Summits awl-shaped, turned inwards.

Seed-vessel. Capsules four, seldom three or five, egg-shaped, pointed, awl-shaped, unequally swelled on the outside, flat on the inner, smoothed, one-celled.

Seeds in each capsule three, fixed to the base of it, sitting close, inversely egg-shaped, very blunt, rather flattish, smooth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Aponogeton spica bifida; foliis eliptico-lanceolatis, natantibus; bracteis integris; floribus polyandris.

Aponogeton with a two-branched spike; leaves eliptically lance-shaped, floating; floral leaves entire; flowers with many chives.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This Genus of Plants in the Catalogue of the Kew Garden, is placed to the Class Heptandria, and perhaps, with as much propriety as where it now stands in Thunberg, Schreber, &c. for the number of chives in almost every floret differs in this, and all the other species, from six to twenty. It is there said to have been introduced to us in 1788 from the Cape of Good Hope by Mr. F. Masson. It is found near Cape Town in most of the brooks; is very sweet scented, and flowers from April till November. As an aquatic it is very desirable for those who cultivate those plants, the fragrance of the flowers being nearly equal to our Nymphæa alba, or White Water Lily; and this, added to the contrasted effect of the deep brown antheræ upon the pure white floral leaves, which indeed have the appearance of blossoms, give the whole an indescribable trait of beauty, peculiar to itself. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian collection.

SENECIO PSEUDO-CHINA.

China-root Groundsel.

CLASS XIX. ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Communis calyculatus, conicus, truncatus; squamis subulatis, plurimis, in cylindrum superne contractum, parallelis, contiguis, æqualibus, paucioribus basin imbricatim tegentibus, apicibus emortuis.

Corolla. Composita, calyce altior; Corullulæ hermaphroditæ tubulosæ, numerosæ in disco; Femineæ ligulatæ in radio (si quæ adsint).

Propria hermaphroditi infundibuliformis; limbo reflexo, quinquefido.

Femineis (si quæ) oblonga, obsolete tridentata.

Stamina. Hermaphroditis; filamenta quinque, capillaria, minima. Anthera cylindracea, tubulosa.

Pistillum utrisque; germen ovatum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine staminum. Stigmata duo, oblonga, revoluta.

Pericarpium nullum. Calyx conico-connivens.

Semina hermaphroditis solitaria, ovata. Pappus crinitus, longus. Femineis similima hermaphroditis.

Receptaculum nudum, planum.

Empalement. Common, double, conical, appearing cut off; scales awl-shaped, numerous, contracted above into a cylinder, parallel, contiguous, equal, the base tiled by a few scales, dead at the ends.

Blossom. Compound, taller than the cup; Hermaphrodite florets tubular, numerous in the disk; Female florets (if there are any) tongue-shaped in the circumference.

Hermaphrodite florets funnel shaped, border reflexed, five-cleft.

Female florets (if any) oblong, obscurely three-toothed.

Chives. Of the hermaphrodite florets; five threads, hair-like, very small. Tips forming a tubular cylinder.

Pointal in either; Seed-bud egg-shaped. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summits two, oblong, rolled back.

Seed-vessel none. Empalement closing into a cone.

Seeds of hermaphrodite florets solitary, egg-shaped. Feather hairy, long. Females like the hermaphrodites.

Receptacle naked, flat.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Senecio foliis sinuatis, integris, discoloribus; corollis purpureis; radice tuberosa.

Groundsel with obtusely indented leaves entire and two-coloured; blossoms purple; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The roots of this plant were received at the same time with the double Camellias, China Roses, &c. from China, by the late J. Slater, Esq. of Laytonstone, Essex; we have, nevertheless, good reason to believe it was known formerly in our gardens; but has been certainly lost, for many years, to us. It is said to have been cultivated by James Sherrard, M. D. in 1732, as copied from Dellinens’s Hortus Elthamensis, into the Kew Catalogue. Miller speaks of it as flowering freely, and perfecting its seeds; whereas, in the Hort. Kew. they omit its time of flowering, which, had it ever flowered there, would certainly have been noted. Our drawing was taken in the month of July last year, 1802, from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, the first and only time we have ever seen it flower in England. It is propagated by the roots, which are large and fleshy; the plant is herbaceous, and should have but little water during the winter months, as the roots are very subject to rot; they are imported from India as a drug, under the name of China-root. Must be kept in the hot-house, and planted in rich earth.

GERANIUM UNDULATUM.

Waved-flowered Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis lanceolatis ciliatis, sub-integris; petalis sub-æqualibus, sub-linearibus, undulatis; floribus umbellatis, pentandris; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with lance-shaped flowers, fringed nearly intire; petals almost equal, nearly linear, waved; flowers grow in umbels, five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This tuberous rooted Geranium, from the Cape of Good Hope, has some affinity with the G. spathulatum, as to the shape of the leaves; but the whole habit of the plant is so totally different, that we could not, with any degree of propriety, consider it as a variety of that species. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian collection, to which it was introduced in the year 1800, by Mr. Niven. It flowers in June, and may be propagated by the root. The treatment is the same as that required for the rest, of this division, of the Genus.

LACHNÆA PURPUREA.

Purple-flowered Lachnæa.

CLASS VIII. ORDER I.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eight Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx nullus. Corolla quadrifida; limbo inæquali. Semen unum, sub-baccatum.

Cup none. Blossom four-cleft; border unequal. One seed, like a berry.

See Lachnæa Eriocephala, Pl. CIV. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lachnæa capitulis solitariis; corollis glabris, purpureis; foliis trigonis, obtusis, quadrifariam imbricatis.

Lachnæa with solitary heads of flowers; blossoms smooth, purple; leaves three-sided, obtuse, tiled in four-rows.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This most singular genus of plants, in external appearance so resembling passerina, yet so perfectly distinct in the parts of fructification, is certainly amongst the handsomest of the natural order in which it ranks. The long slender chives which extend nearly to the length of the border of the blossom, independent of the singular retrofraction of one of its segments, give it a character, we think, decidedly sufficient on which to have formed the Genus. This is the third species known; it was introduced to the Hibbertian collection, in 1800, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape of Good Hope. It is a very delicate plant, subject to be destroyed by damps, flowers in July, and may be increased by cuttings. It thrives best in a mixture of light sand and loam.

Thunberg, in his Prod. Plant. Cap. has referred the whole genus to Passerina.

PROTEA CANDICANS.

Hoary-leaved Protea.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.

Blossom 4-cleft, or 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the point. Cup, proper, none. Seeds solitary.

See Protea formosa, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis apicibus tridentatis, eliptico-lanceolatis, obliquis, candidissimis; capitulis terminalibus; calyx imbricatus, squamis acutis; corollis luteis.

Protea with leaves three-toothed at the ends, eliptically-lance-shaped, oblique and very hoary; heads of flowers terminal; cup tiled, scales pointed, blossoms yellow.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Our present plant is one of the rarest Proteas at this time in England; as, we believe, there has never been but one importation of the seeds from the Cape, and no one species of this numerous genus is with more difficulty propagated by cuttings. Its lower leaves are apt to suffer much from damps in winter; in consequence, the stem becomes bare till near the top; the plant grows about three feet high, and flowers in August, or September. Our figure was taken from the Hibbertian collection, where it flowered, in 1802, for the first time in Britain. We owe its introduction to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, about the year 1790. We have our doubts of this plant being the P. tomentosa of Thunberg; for although he, in his description of that species, comes nigh many of the characters of P. candicans, yet his determining the leaves to be linear, and downy, and our having drawings, taken from two other species, approaching this in habit, yet nigher affined to P. tomentosa, we have retained his specific title for one of them, the other yet unnamed; which will both be given in due course.

PASSIFLORA AURANTIA.

Norfolk Island Passion-Flower.

CLASS XX. ORDER IV.

GYNANDRIA PENTANDRIA. Chives on the Pointal. Five Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Trigyna. Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Nectarium corona. Bacca pedicellata.

Three styles. Cup 5-leaved. Petals 5. Honey-cup forming a crown. Berry standing on a foot-stalk.

See Pl. CCVII. Passiflora maliformis. Vol. IV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Passiflora foliis trilobis, lobis oblongis obtusis, medio longiore; petiolis biglandulosis; nectario cylindraceo, denticulato; corolla aurantia.

Passion-Flower with three-lobed leaves; lobes oblong, obtuse, the middle one the longest; foot-stalks with two glands; honey-cup cylindrical and toothletted; blossom orange-coloured.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This species of Passion Flower, from Norfolk Island, was introduced to Britain in the year 1792, and was first raised, from seeds, at the Hammersmith Nursery. It is a greenhouse plant, loving heat and drought, thrives in a light sandy soil, and is readily increased by cuttings; which should be placed in the heat of the bark-bed in the hothouse, or cucumber hot-bed, in the month of April.

In the young state of the plant, the leaves are less harsh, appear rather scolloped than lobed, and much resemble in shape those of the Maiden-hair Fern, or Adiantum Capillus-veneris; whence the trivial name, adiantifolia, which it bears in most collections. But, as there can be no doubt of our present plant being that designed by Forster, in his Prod. flor. insul. austral. No. 326; of Cavanilles in his Dissertationes classis Monadelphiæ, Diss. 10. p. 457; and as lastly quoted by Willdenow, in his new Sp. Plant. Tom. 3, Part 1, p. 620; we have, without hesitation, adopted the specific title it there bears. As an addition to the very few handsome climbing plants fit to decorate the trellis-work of our modern greenhouses, or conservatories, this plant must be considered as a great acquisition; as the growth is rapid, the foliage of a fine green, and the flowering abundant.

Our figure was taken from a plant in the conservatory of the Hibbertian collection, Clapham common.

LACHENALIA ROSEA.

Rose-coloured Lachenalia.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 6-partita, infera; petalis tribus interioribus longioribus. Stamina erecta. Capsula subovata, trialata. Semina globosa.

Blossom 6-divided, beneath; the three inner petals the longest. Chives erect. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three-winged. Seeds globular.

See Lachenalia pendula, Pl. XLI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lachenalia foliis binis, lanceolato-linearibus, obtusis; petalis interioribus longioribus; scapo lævi filiforme; corollis roseis.

Lachenalia with two leaves between, lance and linear-shaped, obtuse; the inner petals the longest; flower-stem smooth and thread-shaped; blossoms rose-coloured.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This plant we believe to be perfectly new to Britain, and in no other collection, at present, than that of G. Hibbert, Esq. Clapham; where the drawing of our figure was taken in May, 1802; and to which it had been added, the preceding year, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape of Good Hope.

It is a tender bulb, and rather impatient of moisture; increases by the bulb; should not be removed from its pot but to give it fresh earth, and is fond of a light, loamy soil. It is without scent.

NYMPHÆA ODORATA.

Sweet-scented Water-Lily.

CLASS XIII. ORDER I.

POLIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Many Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx 4, 5, seu 6-phyllus. Corolla polypetala. Bacca multi-locularis, truncata.

Cup 4, 5, or 6-leaved. Blossom many petals. Berry many-celled, appearing cut off at top.

See Nymphæa cærulea, Pl. CXCVII. Vol. III.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Nymphæa foliis subrotundis, integris emarginatis, lobis divaricatis, obtusissimis, margine parum incurvatis; calyce tetraphyllo; flore albo.

Water Lily with almost round leaves, entire, and notched at the end; lobes straddling, very obtuse, and turned up slightly at the edge; cup four-leaved; flower white.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This species of Water-Lily we should consider rather as a variety, than as a distinct species; it has every character of our common white Water-Lily, except the size and hardiness; it has the same powerful fragrance, but will not stand the severity of our winters. It is a native of Carolina and Virginia, North America; was introduced to us in the year 1786, by William Hamilton, Esq. of Philadelphia, and flowers during the summer months, if kept in the hot-house. Requires the same treatment as the blue species from the Cape of Good Hope. May be increased from the seed, or from the root. Our drawing was taken from a plant in the Clapham collection.

ANTHERICUM COSTATUM.

Ribbed-leaved Anthericum.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx, nullus.

Corolla. Petala sex, oblonga, obtusa, patentissima.

Stamina. Filamenta sex, subulata, erecta. Antheræ parvæ, incumbentes, quadrisulcæ.

Pistillum. Germen obsolete trigonum. Stylus simplex, longitudine staminum. Stigma obtusum, trigonum.

Pericarpium. Capsula ovata, glabra, trisulca, trilocularis, trivalvis.

Semina numerosa, angulata.

Empalement. none.

Blossom. Six petals, oblong, blunt, spreading very much.

Chives. Six threads, awl-shaped, upright. Tips small, laying on the threads, four-furrowed.

Pointal. Seed-bud bluntly three-sided. Shaft simple, the length of the chives. Summit blunt, and three-cornered.

Seed-vessel. Capsule egg-shaped, smooth, three-furrowed, three-valved.

Seeds numerous, angulated.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Anthericum foliis hirsutis, planis, costatis, lineari-ensiformibus, supra medium reflexis; scapo simplici, glabro; floribus albis; radice bulboso.

Anthericum with hairy, flat, leaves, ribbed, linearly sword-shaped, turned back from the middle; flower-stem simple, smooth; flowers white, root bulbous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

It is much to be lamented that we, as yet, have not discovered a mode of treatment by which many of the species or Albuca, Ornithogalum, Anthericum, &c. from the Cape, might be induced to flower with us, after the first year from their importation; since many of them never produce more than a few leaves afterwards; and this plant, we fear, is amongst the number. It makes a very handsome and sweet bunch of flowers, which have considerable duration, not less than a month from first expansion. We can say little as to the propagation and culture; as it has not as yet increased, nor has it produced any flowers since our drawing was made, in August 1801. We think it is only in the Hibbertian Collection, to which it was introduced by Mr. Niven, in 1800, from the Cape of Good Hope.

LACHENALIA REFLEXA.

Reflexed-flowered Lachenalia.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives, One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 6-partita, infera; petalis tribus interioribus longioribus. Stamina erecta. Capsula subovata, trialata. Semina globosa.

Blossom 6-divided, beneath; the three inner petals the longest. Chives erect. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three-winged. Seeds globular.

See Lachenalia pendula, Pl. XLI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lachenalia foliis ovato-lanceolatis, plurimis; petalis equalibus, acutis, reflexis, rubro punctatis; germine pedicillato, subgloboso.

Lachenalia with leaves between egg and lance-shaped, numerous; petals equal, pointed, reflexed, and dotted with red spots; seed-bud with a foot-stalk, and roundish.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This curious Lachenalia, for such it must be considered, though in many parts widely different from congeners, is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and was received from thence in the year 1798, by J. Vere, Esq. of Kensington Gore; in whose collection, we believe, it is only to be found, and where our drawing was taken in the month of June 1801. It is a tender bulb, and requires a considerable degree of heat to make it flower, and does not appear to have any tendency to increase, although, Mr. Anderson informs us, he has tried it in various situations and soils to that end.

GERANIUM OXALIDIFOLIUM.

Wood-Sorrel-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis ternatis, foliolis ovatis, obtusis, ciliatis; floribus pentandris; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with leaves composed of three leaflets, which are egg-shaped, obtuse, and fringed; flowers with five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The species of Geranium here figured, is of the same character, in all points of view, as most of the tuberous species lately introduced from the Cape by G. Hibbert, Esq. in whose collection, at Clapham, it is only to be found, at present; and where our drawing was taken, in July 1802.

PROTEA GRANDIFLORA. Var. foliis undulatis.

Large-flowered Protea. Waved-leaved Var.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.

Blossom 4-cleft, or 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the end. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.

See Protea formosa, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis lanceolatis glaberrimis, utrinque acuminatis, marginibus subcallosis, parum undulatis; squamæ calycinæ lanceolatæ erectæ, interiores pilis longissimis nigris cristitatæ.

Protea with lance-shaped leaves, smooth, tapered to both ends, rather thickened at the edges, and a little waved; the scales of the empalement are lance-shaped and upright, the inner ones crested, with very long black hairs.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The round tufts of long hair which terminate the inner scales of the cup, in this Protea, and its varieties, constitute its principal, distinguishing specific character from P. speciosa; whose scales are fringed at the summits, and to which our present plant is nearest allied. It is, without doubt, one of the handsomest of this fine tribe of plants; not only in the beauty of the blossom, but for its general habit; as it does not grow above three feet high, very bushy, and producing its flowers at the age of three or four years. It is increased by cuttings only, as are most of the species of this extensive genus, none of them perfecting their seeds in this climate, or producing roots by laying the branches. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Hibbertian collection, to which it was introduced in 1800, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape of Good Hope, in the month of May, 1802.

LACHENALIA FRAGRANS.

Sweet-scented Lachenalia.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 6-petala, infera; petalis tribus interioribus longioribus. Stamina erecta. Capsula subovata trialata. Semina globosa.

Blossom six petals, beneath; the three inner petals the longest. Chives erect. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three-winged. Seeds globular.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lachenalia foliis geminis, ovato-oblongis, humi adpressis; corollis campanulatis pedunculatis horizontalibus; petalis sub-æqualibus; scapo erecto.

Lachenalia with one pair of leaves, oblong-egg-shaped, laying on the ground; blossoms bell shaped with foot-stalks, growing horizontally; petals nearly equal; flower-stem upright.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The extreme fragrance of this plant, amply compensates for its want of beauty; it retains its sweetness through the whole period of its flowering, which is of near a month’s continuance. There is a species of this genus, much resembling our plant in flower, but nothing in the leaf; it is known by the name of L. patens, and has been frequently sold for this, but its scent is quite different, and it flowers much earlier; that is to say, in the month of March, but the L. fragrans does not produce its blossoms till May. It is a very hardy greenhouse bulb, and requires no particular management to make it flower; this, however, it does not do, but once in two years; not even appearing in foliage, but in the second year from its flowering. Our figure was made at the Hammersmith Nursery, to which it was introduced, from the Cape of Good Hope, in the year 1798.

GERANIUM BARBATUM.

Bearded-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Chives united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis pinnatis; foliolis inequaliter dentatis barbatis; floribus umbellatis; staminibus quinque fertilibus, binis longioribus reflexis; scapo polystachio; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with winged leaves; leaflets unequally toothed and bearded; flowers grow in umbels; five fertile chives, the two longest reflexed; flower-stem branched; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The singular bearded termination, on each tooth, of the leaflets of this species of Geranium, has induced us to give it a specific title; although, in many other respects, it approaches very near two or three others, already figured, by us, of this long genus. It is from the same country with the other tuberous species, and introduced to the Hibbertian collection in 1800, where our drawing was made in July 1802.

DAVIESIA ULICIFOLIA.

Furze-leaved Daviesia.

CLASS X. ORDER I.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, campanulatum quinquedentatum; laciniis equalibus erectis.

Corolla papillionacea, pentapetala.

Vexillum cordatum erectum.

Alæ oblongæ, vexillo duplo breviores.

Carina dipetala, alis paulo longiora.

Stamina. Filamenta decem, distincta, assurgentia, longitudine carinæ. Antheræ simplices minimæ.

Pistillum. German ovato-oblongum. Stylus subulatus, magnitudine et situ staminum. Stigma acutum.

Pericarpium. Capsula triangularis, compressa, acuta, unilocularis, bivalvis.

Semen unum, reniforme.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, bell-shaped, five-toothed; segments equal, upright.

Blossom butterfly-shaped, five-petalled.

Standard heart-shaped, upright.

Wings oblong, half the length of the standard.

Keel two petals, a little shorter than the wings.

Chives. Threads ten, distinct, turned upwards, the length of the keel. Tips simple, very small.

Pointal. Seed-bud oblong egg-shaped. Shaft awl-shaped, of the same size and station as the chives. Summit pointed.

Seed-vessel. Capsule triangular, flat, sharp pointed, one cell, two valves.

Seed one, kidney-shape.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Daviesia foliis lanceolatis, rigidis pungentibus; floribus axillaribus spicatis.

Daviesia with lance-shaped leaves, harsh and pricking; flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves in spikes.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This division of the butterfly flowered plants, from New Holland, was among the first genera which were raised from the seeds of that country, in Britain. And though we have possessed the plants so long, and both species, or rather the two varieties, perfect their seeds with us; yet are the plants very scarce, few of them are to be met with, and seldom more than a plant, or two, is to be found in any collection. The Daviesias grow about a foot and a half high, and when in flower make a very pretty appearance, as nearly the whole bush is covered with blossoms. They are rather tender, and are impatient of wet, which is, perhaps, the greatest enemy many of the plants from that country have to encounter with us. It flowers about April or May; is increased by seeds, or cuttings; should be kept in a small pot, comparatively with what may be used for the same sized plants, and planted in sandy peat. Our drawing was made from the Hibbertian collection, in the month of May 1802.

GERANIUM CORONILLÆFOLIUM.

Coronilla-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis impari pinnatis, bijugis; foliolis obovatis glabris; floribus umbellatis pentandris; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with leaves that are winged, with an odd one and two yoked; leaflets inversely egg-shaped, and smooth; flowers grow in umbels, with five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The drawing of this Geranium was taken at Clapham in the month of July, 1802, from a plant in the Hibbertian collection, where, we believe, it is only to be met with, and to which it was introduced, in 1801, from the Cape of Good Hope. It has no particular character, in its appearance, from which we might be led to think any other treatment or mode of culture necessary for this plant, different from the rest of its congeners.

ALETRIS FRAGRANS.

Sweet-scented Aletris.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla infundibuliformis, rugosa. Stamina inserta laciniarum basi. Capsula trilocularis.

Blossom funnel-shaped, wrinkled. Chives inserted into the base of the segments. Capsule three-celled.

See Aletris sarmentosa, Pl. LIV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Aletris caulescens; foliis lanceolatis, laxis; floribus albicantibus, fragrantissimis.

Aletris with a woody stem; leaves lance-shaped, loose; flowers whitish, very sweet-scented.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Sweet-scented Aletris, from the great height it attains before it flowers, which is, from 9 to 12 feet, and nearly two-thirds of the length of the stem, without leaves; takes off much from the merit of this grand plant as cultivated in our colder regions. It is a native of Africa, and must be kept in the hot-house, in the bark-bed, to have it blossom. The flowers are extremely fragrant, open in the evening and close again with the first rays of the morning sun. It is propagated either by suckers, which it sometimes produces, or by cutting off small portions from the roots; which will become plants in about three months, if placed in the heat of a strong hot-bed; these are likewise very sweet-scented, having the flavour of orris-root, or violets. Our figure was taken from a plant in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, this present month of May, 1803.

A schism has arisen on the subject of this genus among modern botanists; from whom we must, however, exclude the celebrated author of Miller’s New Gardeners’ Dictionary; who, in this instance, has preserved the genus entire. Three genera have, as usual, been made out of one; the Cape species are denominated Veltheimias; those known under the names of A. zeylanica and A. guineensis, are termed Sansevieras; A. farinosa and A. fragrans being the only remnants of the original genus. Such are the happy effects, of modern scrutiny, upon the works of the antiquated Linnæus! and such might be the answer of these illuminati, which poor Gradus, in the farce of Who’s the Dupe, gives to his mistress, when questioned upon the utility of his labours; alas, how else should our merit be discovered, but by elancing from the old track of plain sense and nature.

PROTEA GLOBOSA.

Globe-flowered Protea.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.

Blossom 4-cleft, or 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the end. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.

See Protea formosa, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis eliptico-lanceolatis, apicibus callosis; capitulo globoso, terminali; foliolis calycinis ovatis, reflexis; floribus luteis.

Protea with eliptically-lance-shaped leaves, callous at the ends; head of flowers globular and terminal; leaflets of the cup egg-shaped, turned back; flowers yellow.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This species of Protea, though it does not stand among the foremost of its congeners in competition for beauty; yet, has its merits, and those of no small moment, as a hardy green-house plant; for it rarely misses flowering, in the month of May, annually, and its blossoms continue in perfection at least two months. It is seldom hurt by cold or wet, if not exposed to either in the extreme. Is easily propagated from cuttings, made in the month of May, or June; by the same mode as has been described for the increasing the preceding species of the Genus, already figured in this work. We owe the first introduction of this plant to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, who raised it from seeds, in the year 1786, received from the Cape of Good Hope. Our figure was made from a plant in the Hibbertian collection.

CROTOLARIA VERRUCOSA.

Blue-flowered Crotolaria.

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium tripartitum, magnum, corolla paulo brevius; laciniis duabus superioribus lanceolatis, vexillo incumbentibus; tertia lanceolata, concava, carinam fulciente, trifida.

Corolla papillionacea.

Vexillum cordatum, acutum, magnum, lateribus depressum.

Alæ ovatæ, vexillo dimidio breviores.

Carina acuminata, longitudine alarum.

Stamina. Filamenta decem, connata, assurgentia, linea dorsali fissa basique hiante. Antheræ simplices.

Pistillum. Germen oblongum, reflexum, hirsutum. Stylus simplex, infractus, assurgens. Stigma obtusum.

Pericarpium. Legumen breve, turgidum, uniloculare, bivalve, pedicillatum.

Semen aliquot, globosa-reniformia.

Empalement. Cup three-parted, large, rather shorter than the blossom; the two superior segments lance-shaped, laying on the standard; the third lance-shaped, concave, supporting the keel, three-cleft.

Blossom butterfly-shaped.

Standard heart-shaped, acute, large, depressed on the sides.

Wings egg-shaped, half the length of the standard.

Keel tapered, the length of the wings.

Chives. Ten threads, united, turned upwards, with a split line on the back, and gaping at the base. Tips simple.

Pointal. Seed-bud oblong, reflexed, hairy. Shaft simple, bent inwards at an angle, turned upwards. Summit obtuse.

Seed-vessel. Pod short, turgid, one-celled, two valved, with a fruit-stalk.

Seeds a few of a rounded kidney-shape.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Crotolaria foliis simplicibus, ovatis, retusis; stipulis lunatis, declinatis; racemo terminali; ramis tetragonis.

Crotolaria with simple leaves, egg-shaped, dented at the ends; leaf-props half-moon-shaped, turned downwards; bunch of flowers terminal; branches four-sided.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This handsome annual is an old inhabitant of our hot-houses, for it has been cultivated so long ago as the year 1731, by Mr. Miller; but from its character as an annual, our summers not proving always congenial to the perfecting its seeds, it has at intervals been lost to us. It is a native of the East Indies, and, in general, good seed may be procured by keeping the plants constantly in a hot-bed or hot-house; but the best method is to raise them on a strong hot-bed, keeping them there till in flower, and then transferring them to the hot-house or dry-stove, to perfect their seeds. Our drawing was taken from a fine specimen, communicated by the Hon. W. H. Irby, from his select collection at the Parsonage, Farnham Royal, Bucks. Flowers in May or June, and ripens its seeds in August or September.

PULTENÆA VILLOSA.

Hairy Pultenæa.

CLASS X. ORDER I.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx quinquedentatis, utrinque appendiculatus. Corolla papilionacea, alis vexillo brevioribus. Legumen uniloculare, dispernum.

Cup five-toothed, with a hanging prop on each side. Blossom butterfly-shaped, the wings shorter than the standard. A one-celled pod, two seeded.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pultenæa foliis oblongis, villosis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, spicatis; caule villoso; calycibus inappendiculatis.

Pultenæa with oblong, hairy leaves; flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves, solitary, and in spikes; stem hairy; cup without props.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Where to place the limits to the various new genera of this very extended natural order of plants, with butterfly blossoms, from New Holland, appears a talk of some difficulty with our modern botanists; for, no sooner have we formed an essential character for a genus, than immediately we are struck with the appearance of new plants, whose whole habits assimilate with our newly constructed family, but in the principal and pointed essential character. In such predicament stands our present subject, it wants the appendicula to the cup, yet has it been placed, by Willdenow, &c. to Pultenæa; and with good reason, we presume, for if every difference of this nature was taken up, on which to form new genera, nearly every plant from that country would furnish grounds for new names; and, to say the truth, we think they are, already, sufficiently extended. The Pultenæas are all rather impatient of wet, and although they are not frequently killed by too much moisture, yet they become unsightly, by losing all their lower leaves. This species grows to the height of about three feet; and, when in flower, makes a very handsome appearance. It perfects its seeds, and may be increased by cuttings, which should be put in about the beginning of April. A mixture of sandy peat three parts, and one fourth part of loam, is the best soil to grow it in. It was amongst the first plants which were raised from Botany Bay seeds in this country. Our figure was made at the Hammersmith nursery, in 1801.

STACHYS COCCINEA.

Scarlet Clownheal.

CLASS XIV. ORDER I.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Two Chives longer. Seed naked.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, angulatum, semiquinquefidum, acuminatum, persistens; dentriculis acuminatis, subulatis, subinæquale.

Corolla monopetala, ringens; tubus brevissimus; faux oblonga, ad basin deorsum gibba; labium superius erectum, subovatum, fornicatum, sæpe emarginatum; labium inferius majus, trifidum lateribus reflexum; lacinula intermedia maxima, emarginata, replicata.

Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo breviora, subulata, ad latera faucis recurvata. Antheræ simplices.

Pistillum. Germen quadripartitum. Stylus filiformis, situ et longitudine staminum. Stigma bifidum, acutum.

Pericarpium nullum. Calyx vix mutatus.

Semina quatuor, ovata, angulata.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, tubular, angular, five shallow clefts, taper, permanent; toothless taper, awl-shaped, nearly equal.

Blossom one petal, gaping; tube very short; mouth oblong, hunched downwards towards the base; upper lip upright, rather egg-shaped, arched, often notched at the end; lower lip large, three-cleft, side ones reflexed; the middle segment, which is the largest, notched at the end, and folded back.

Chives. Four threads, of which two are shorter, awl-shaped, bent to the sides of the mouth. Tips simple.

Pointal. Seed-bud with four divisions. Shaft thread-shaped, of the length and situation of the chives. Summit cloven, sharp-pointed.

Seed-vessel none. The cup scarce changed.

Seeds four, egg-shaped, angular.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Stachys verticillis sexfloris; foliis ovato-oblongis, basi cordatis, crenatis; floribus coccineis.

Clownheal with six flowered whorls; leaves oblong-egg-shaped, heart-shaped at the base, scolloped; flowers scarlet.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Although this species of Stachys must be considered as an herbaceous plant, yet the stem, if kept in the green-house, may be preserved; and therefore, as it is too tender to bear our winters, in the open ground, we must consign it to that station. It is a native of South America; is easily propagated by cuttings; flowers in the month of July, or August, and thrives in rich mould. The figure was taken from a plant in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, where, we believe, it flowered for the first time in Britain.

GERANIUM PINNATUM.

Winged-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis pinnatis; foliolis subrotundo-ovatis, hirsutis; floribus flavis, staminibus quinque fertilibus; scapo polystachio; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with winged leaves; leaflets rather round-egg-shaped, and hairy; flowers yellow; five fertile chives; flower-stem branched; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The specific title of this plant, originally, belonged to a species which is, now, confounded amongst the numerous variety of Geranium lacerum. And, indeed, the present plant is taken as a synonim, by Willdenow, with G. astragalifolium, of which we have given a figure in a preceding number. This was among the first of the tuberous kind of Geraniums known to our gardens. Mr. F. Masson, according to the Kew Catalogue, first introduced it to the Kew Gardens in 1788. It has nothing particular in its character to require a different treatment from the rest of the tuberous species. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Hammersmith Collection, in March 1801.

STYPHELIA VIRIDIS.

Green-flowered Styphelia.

CLASS V. ORDER I.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx imbricatus. Corolla tubulosa. Stamina fauci inserta. Drupa quinque-locularis. Semina bina.

Cup tiled. Blossom tubular. Chives inserted into the mouth of the blossom. A pulpy berry with five cells. Seeds by twos.

See Styphelia triflora. Pl. LXXII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Styphelia foliis utrinque acuminatis, obliquis, acutis, glaberrimis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, viridibus.

Styphelia with leaves tapered to both ends, oblique, pointed, very smooth; flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves, solitary and green.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Few of the plants from New Holland have excited more admiration than the Styphelias; the S. tubiflora figured in the New Holland botany of Dr. Smith, the S. triflora given in the first Vol. of this work, our present plant, together with the numerous other species already known from dried specimens, lead us to conjecture that the genus is as copious as any, Banksia not excepted, from that country. This plant grows to the height of two feet, or more; the flowers nearly covering the branches. It is rather delicate, requiring but little water, in the winter months; as it is certain to perish, if kept wet any considerable time. Is propagated by cuttings, and must be kept in a small pot, proportional to the size of the plant, in very sandy peat earth. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian collection, in the month of April, 1803. All the plants, at present in Britain, of this species of Styphelia, are the offspring of one solitary seed, received by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy from New Holland, in the year 1791.

JUSTICIA LUCIDA.

Shining-leaved Justicia.

CLASS II. ORDER I.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Two Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, minimum, quinquepartitum, acutum, erectum, angustum.

Corolla monopetala, ringens; tubus gibbus; limbus bilabiatus, labium superius oblongum, emarginatum, labium inferius ejusdem longitudinis, reflexum, trifidum.

Stamina. Filamenta duo, subulata, sub labio superiore recondita. Antheræ erectæ, ad basin bifidæ.

Pistillum. Germen turbinatum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine et situ staminum. Stigma simplex.

Pericarpium. Capsula oblonga, obtusa, basi angustata, bilocularis, bivalvis; dissepimento valvulis contrario, ungue elastico dehiscens.

Semina subrotunda.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, very small, five-divided, pointed, erect, narrow.

Blossom one petal, gaping; tube hunched; border two-lipped; the upper lip oblong, notched at the end; the under lip of the same length, reflexed, and three-cleft.

Chives. Two threads, awl-shaped, hid under the upper lip. Tips upright, two-cleft at the base.

Pointal. Seed-bud top-shaped. Shaft thread-shaped, the length and situation of the chives. Summit simple.

Seed-vessel. Capsule oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, two-celled, two valved; the partition opposite to the valves splitting from an elastic claw.

Seeds roundish.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Justicia spicis terminalibus; floribus subcapitatis; foliis elipticis, nervosis, bullatis, lucidis; corollis bilabiatis, labio superiore lanceolato; caule fruticoso, glabro.

Justicia with terminal spikes; flowers grow nearly in heads; leaves elliptic, nerved, blistered, and shining; blossoms two-lipped, the upper lip lance-shaped; stem shrubby, smooth.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Most of the species of this genus of plants have hitherto been considered of little value in our collections, as few of them have woody stems, and from that character have a weedy appearance. This plant however is an exception, and is well worthy a place in collections where ornament only, not variety, is studied. It grows to the height of three feet, flowers in the month of August, is easily increased from cuttings, and may be kept in the hot-house, out of the bark-bed. The Justicia coccinea and this plant approach in the appearance of their flowers and habit; but the leaves differ much as well as many other minuter parts. It is a native of the East Indies, and was introduced about the year 1794. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Collection of G. Hibbert, Esq. Clapham Common.

ITEA SPINOSA.

Thorny Itea.

CLASS V. ORDER I.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, quinquefidum, erectum, acuminatum, minimum, persistens, laciniis acutis, coloratis.

Corolla. Petala quinque, lanceolata, longa, calyci inserta.

Stamina. Filamenta quinque, subulata, erecta, longitudine corollæ, calyci inserta. Antheræ subrotundæ, incumbentes.

Pistillum. Germen ovatum. Stylus cylindraceus, persistens, longitudine staminum. Stigma obtusum.

Pericarpium. Capsula ovata calyce multoties longior, stylo muconato, unilocularis, bivalvis ex duabus coalita apice dehiscens.

Semina numerosa, minima, oblonga, nitida.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, five-cleft, upright, tapered, very small, remaining, segments pointed, coloured.

Blossom. Petals five, lance-shaped, long, inserted into the cup.

Chives. Five threads, awl-shaped, upright, the length of the blossom, inserted into the cup. Tips roundish, laying on the threads.

Pointal. Seed-bud egg-shaped. Shaft cylindrical, permanent, the length of the chives. Summit obtuse.

Seed-vessel. Capsule egg-shaped, much longer than the cup, tapering into the shaft, one-celled, two-valved of two joined, splitting at top.

Seeds numerous, very small, oblong, shining.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Itea foliis cuneiformibus, emarginatis; spinis axillaribus.

Itea with wedge-shaped leaves, notched at the end; spines grow at the insertion of the leaves.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This plant is a native of New Holland, and was introduced from thence by the Right Honourable the Marchioness of Rockingham, at the same time with the Bauera rubioides of this work; and from a specimen communicated by her Ladyship in September, 1801, our drawing was taken. It is a hardy green-house plant, continuing in flower from August till December; makes a very bushy handsome shrub, especially when planted in a conservatory. Is easily propagated by cuttings, made in the month of April, and kept on a gentle heat until they are rooted. It thrives most in sandy peat, with a small mixture of sandy loam.

ORCHIS BICORNIS.

Two-horned Orchis.

CLASS XX. ORDER I.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Chives on the Pointal. Two Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Nectarium corniforme pone florem.

Honey-cup like a horn behind the flower.

See Orchis ciliaris, Pl. XLII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Orchis bulbis indivisis; corollis galea bicalcarata; labio quinque-partito.

Orchis with undivided bulbs; helmet of the blossom two spurred, lip five-parted.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This singular little Orchis was first introduced to us, from the Cape of Good Hope, by Mr. F. Masson, in 1787, but has been lost to our gardens since near that time till last year, when we had the pleasure of seeing it again in the collection of T. Evans, Esq. Stepney; but we much fear, without a fresh supply of roots, it will again soon stand but as a name in our catalogues. It is a very tender and delicate plant; and, like nearly the whole of this natural order, difficult to propagate or preserve in a cultivated state; wherefore we cannot pretend to recommend any particular method. The bulb which flowered at Stepney was planted in sandy peat, and appeared in good health. It flowers in September, loses its leaves soon after flowering, and is extremely fragrant.

OLEA APETALA.

Petal-less Olive.

CLASS II. ORDER I.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Two Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, parvum; ore quadridentato, erecto, deciduum.

Corolla monopetala, infundibuliformis; tubus cylindraceus, longitudine calycis; limbus quadripartitus, planus; laciniis subovatis.

Stamina. Filamenta duo, opposita, subulata, brevia. Antheræ erectæ.

Pistillum. Germen subrotundum. Stylus simplex, brevissimus. Stigma bifidum, crassiusculum; laciniis emarginatis.

Pericarpium. Drupa subovata, glabra, unilocularis.

Semen. Nux ovato-oblonga, rugosa.

Empalement. Cup one-leafed, tabular, small; mouth four-toothed, erect, deciduous.

Blossom one petal, funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, the length of the cup; border four-divided, flat; segments nearly egg-shaped.

Chives. Two threads, opposite, awl shaped, short. Tips upright.

Pointal. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft simple, very short. Summit two-cleft, thickish; clefts notched at the ends.

Seed-vessel. A pulpy berry, rather egg-shaped, smooth, one-celled.

Seed. A nut oblong-egg-shaped, rough.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Olea foliis elipticis, floribus racemosis, apetalis.

Olive, with eliptically-shaped leaves, flowers in long bunches without petals.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Our present figure represents a plant a native of New Holland and New Zealand, in the Pacific Ocean; but, we have great reason to think, it has been referred, rather rashly, to the genus under which it is here named; and that it possesses a distinctive character sufficient on which to have formed a new one. We have, nevertheless, as usual, taken it up under the title it is in general known by, as published by Vahl, in his Symbolæ Botanicæ, Part III. p. 3, and quoted from him into Willdenow’s Sp. Plant. p. 46, and thence into Professor Martyn’s ed. of Miller’s Dict. article Olea, 5. Whether the fruit of this plant will ever turn to account, when cultivated, as an article of food, time must evince; but, certainly, it bears an appearance of much hope. It is a strong woody growing shrub, forming itself into a handsome round-headed plant; and, when in full flower, has a very pretty appearance, having all the necessary qualities of such plants as are fit for planting out in a conservatory. It is propagated by cuttings; should be planted in sandy peat earth, mixed with a small portion of loam; producing its flowers about February or March. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Hammersmith Collection, to which it was first added in the year 1791; having been raised from seeds communicated to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy by Colonel Paterson.

GERANIUM UNDULATUM. Var. Minor.

Waved-flowered Geranium. Lesser Var.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

See Geranium grandiflorum, Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis radicalibus lanceolatis, integerrimis, petiolis longitudine foliorum; petalis cuneiformibus, equalibus, undulatis; floribus pentandris; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with the root leaves lance-shaped, quite entire; foot-stalks the length of the leaves; petals wedge-shaped, equal, waved; flowers with five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This very handsome tuberous Geranium, and which we have rather placed as a variety than a species, might perhaps by some have been considered as sufficiently distinct to have formed a species; but, indeed, much difficulty arises in the determining, amongst this variable tribe, where to fix determinate specific character. Our present figure was taken from the Hibbertian Collection, where as yet the plant is only to be seen in Britain. It flowers in June or July; does not perfect its seeds, nor has the appearance of easily propagating from the root; the usual method with this link of the Geranium family. It thrives in sandy peat and leaf mould.

HÆMANTHUS MULTIFLORUS.

Many-flowered Blood-Flower.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Involucrum hexaphyllum, maximum, umbelluliferum; foliolis erectis, oblongis, persistentibus.

Corolla monopetala, erecta, sexpartita; laciniis erectis, linearibus; tubo brevissimo, angulato.

Stamina. Filamenta sex, subulata, tubo corollæ inserta, corolla longiora. Antheræ incumbentes, oblongæ.

Pistillum. Germen inferum. Stylus simplex, longitudine staminum. Stigma simplex.

Pericarpium. Bacca subrotunda, trilocularis.

Semina solitaria, triquetra.

Empalement. Fence six-leaved, large, bearing a small umbel; leaflets upright, oblong, permanent.

Blossom one petal, upright, six-parted; segments upright, linear; tube very short, angular.

Chives. Threads six, awl-shaped, inserted into the tube of the blossom, longer than the blossom. Tips laying on the threads, oblong.

Pointal. Seed-bud beneath. Shaft simple, the length of the chives. Summit simple.

Seed-vessel. Berry roundish, three-celled.

Seeds solitary, three-sided.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Hæmanthus foliis plicatis, undulatis, erectis, lato-lanceolatis; umbella globosa; floribus confertis; petalis patentibus; scapo ad basin maculato.

Blood flower with plaited leaves, waved, upright and broad-lance shaped; umbel globular; flowers crowded; petals spreading; flower-stem spotted at the base.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This plant is said to have been in our European gardens so long ago as the year 1603: having, at that time, been sent to Paris by the younger Robin from Guinea. But however this may be, as yet there is no figure of the plant by which it may be known from many of this beautiful tribe, except the one by the late Mr. Nodder. We are indebted for its last introduction to the honourable the Sierra Leone Company, who received, in 1792, the roots of this plant, amongst many others, from that settlement; which were by them presented to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, at Hammersmith. Our figure was taken in June from a plant in flower this present year, 1803, in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, where, from particular management of Mr. Anderson, the same root has flowered several times; a circumstance that but rarely happens with these bulbs after the first year from importation. As a native of so hot a clime it must be kept in the bark bed of the hot-house; and, when the plant is not in flower, should be watered but sparingly. We as yet are unacquainted with any mode by which it may be propagated. It flourishes most in rich mould. Our figure represents the plant in a small specimen, as the head of flowers is frequently, in this country, of three times the size.

VICIA GALEGIFOLIA.

Goat’s-Rue-leaved Vetch.

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Chives in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, erectum, semi-quinquefidum, acutum; dentibus superioribus brevioribus, conniventibus; omnibus æqualis latitudinis.

Corolla papillionacea.

Vexillum ovale, ungue lato oblongo, apice emarginatum cum acumine, lateribus reflexum, linea longitudinali compressa elevata.

Alæ duæ, oblongæ, erectæ, semicordatæ, ungue oblongo, vexillo breviores.

Carina ungue oblongo bipartito, ventriculo compresso, semiorbiculato, alis breviore.

Stamina. Filamenta diadelphia (simplex et novemfidum). Antheræ erectæ, subrotundæ, quadrisulcæ.

Nectarii glandulæ intra stamen compositum et germen e receptaculo oritur, brevis, acuminata.

Pistillum. Germen lineare, compressum, longum. Stylus filiformis, brevior, ad angulum erectum adscendens. Stigma obtusum, sub apice transverse barbatum.

Pericarpium. Legumen longum, coriaceum, uniloculare, bivalve, acumine terminatum.

Semina plura, subrotunda.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, tubular, upright, half five-cleft sharp; the upper teeth the shortest, approaching; all the teeth of equal breadth.

Blossom butterfly-shaped.

Standard oval, with a broad oblong claw, notched at the top, with a point in the middle, sides reflexed, compressed and raised in a line running lengthways.

Wings two, oblong, erect, half-heart shaped, with an oblong claw, shorter than the standard.

Keel, with an oblong two-parted claw, the hollow part compressed like a half circle shorter than the wings.

Chives. Threads in two sets, (one alone, the other nine-cleft.) Tips upright, roundish four-furrowed.

Honey-cup, gland arising from the receptacle between the united threads and the seed-bud; short and tapered.

Pointal. Seed-bud linear, compressed and long. Shaft thread-shaped, shorter, turned upwards from an angle. Summit blunt, bearded transversely on the upper part at the end.

Seed-vessel. Pod long, tough, one-celled, two-valved terminated by a point.

Seeds many, rather round.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Vicia pedunculis multifloris erectis; floribus striatis; foliolis ovalibus, subtruncatis, reflexis.

Vetch with many-flowered, upright fruit-stalks; flowers streaked; leaflets oval, rather appearing cut off at the points, reflexed.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This pretty plant is a native of New Holland, and was first received in seeds from thence under the name of Indigofera coccinea, in the year 1800, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith. It grows into a bushy plant, making a number of branches from the root, but is rather a woody than herbaceous plant; yet the branches have all the character of most of the species of this genus. It has not as yet been increased by cuttings, but from every appearance the seeds will ripen in this country; and there is little doubt but the roots may be divided with safety. It flourishes in a mixture of sandy peat and loam. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Collection of Messrs. Colvilies, King’s Road, Chelsea; where it has likewise flowered this present August, 1803.

PULTENÆA ILICIFOLIA.

Holly-leaved Pultenæa.

CLASS X. ORDER I.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx quinque-dentatus, utrinque appendiculatus. Corolla papillionacea, alis vexillo brevioribus. Legumen uniloculare, dispermum.

Cup five-toothed, with an appendage on each side. Blossom butterfly-shaped, wings shorter than the standard. Pod one-celled, two seeded.

See Pultenæa daphnoides, Pl. XCVIII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pultenæa foliis hastatis, serratis, rigidis; floribus axillaribus, racemosis.

Pultenæa with halbert-shaped leaves, sawed and harsh; flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves in long bunches.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This species of Pultenæa was introduced, from New Holland, about the year 1792, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, and is undoubtedly one of the handsomest of the genus. It is difficult to increase as the seeds do not mature, and it is very rarely propagated by cuttings. It grows to the height of three or four feet; and, when in flower, makes a very brilliant appearance. It is not a long-liv’d plant; is very impatient of wet, and is easily hurt by the cold, so should be kept in a dry and warm part of the green-house, or even on a shelf in the hot-house, during the winter months. It thrives in very sandy peat earth without any mixture. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, in the month of June, 1801.

ARETHUSA PLICATA.

Plaited-leaved Arethusa.

CLASS XX. ORDER I.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Chives on the Pointal. Two Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Spatha foliacea. Perianthium nullum.

Corolla, ringens; petala quinque, oblonga, subæqualia, duo exteriora, omnia conniventia in galeam.

Nectarium monophyllum, basi tubulosum, intra corollæ fundum, bipartitum; labio inferiore reflexo, lato, rugoso, longitudine petalorum, propendente; labio superiore lineari, tenerrimo, stylo adnato, apice lobato.

Stamina. Filamenta duo, brevissima, pistilli apici insidentia. Antheræ ovatæ, compressæ, tectæ duplicatura labii interioris nectarii.

Pistillum. Germen oblongum, inferum. Stylus oblongus, incurvus, labio interiore nectarii vestitus. Stigma infundibuliforme.

Pericarpium. Capsula oblongo-ovata, unilocularis, tri-valvis, angulis dehiscens.

Semina numerosa, acerosa.

Empalement. Sheath leafy. Cup none.

Blossom gaping. Five petals, oblong, nearly equal, two outer, all converging into a helmet.

Honey-cup one-leafed, tubular at the base, within the bottom of the blossom, two-parted; lower lip reflexed, broad, wrinkled, the length of the petals, hanging down forwards; upper lip linear, very delicate, fixed to the shaft, lobed at top.

Chives. Two threads, very short, sitting on the top of the pointal. Tips egg-shaped, flattened, covered by the folding of the inner lip of the honey-cup.

Pointal. Seed-bud oblong, beneath. Shaft oblong, incurved, cloathed by the inner lip of the honey-cup. Summit funnel-shaped.

Seed-vessel. Capsule oblong egg-shaped, one-celled, three-valved, splitting at the angles.

Seeds numerous, chaffy.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Arethusa radice globosa; folio cordato, plicato, hirsuto.

Arethusa with a globular root; leaf heart-shaped, plaited and hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This singular little bulbous rooted plant was received this year, 1803, in the month of April, amongst a number of other curious new seeds and bulbs, from the East-Indies, by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. by whom they have been communicated to different collections. Although the plant has considerable affinity with Arethusa, yet we entertain doubts whether it should not be placed to Limodorum, as it wants many of the generic characters of the former genus, and but few, and those but trivial in its correspondence, to the latter. We have, notwithstanding, given it the title under which it was sent, submitting our judgment to what we conceive better authority. There is little doubt but the plant will soon be lost in our collections, as but few of this natural order are either to be propagated or kept by any cultivation we are at present acquainted with. Our figure was taken from a plant which flowered in the hot-house of J. Vere, Esquire, Kensington Gore, in the month of July, before there was any appearance of either root or leaf from the bulb. It was in flower at the same time in the Collection of Sir Abraham Hume, Bart. Wormley-Bury, Herts.

PITCAIRNIA LATIFOLIA.

Broad-leaved Pitcairnia.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx triphyllus, semisuperus. Petala 3. Squama nectarifera ad basin petalorum. Stigmata tria contorta. Capsula tria, introrsum dehiscentes. Semina alata.

Empalement three-leaved, half superior. Petals three; with a scaly honey-cup at the base of the petals. Three summits twisted. Three capsules, splitting from the inside. Seeds winged.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pitcairnia foliis integerrimis, basi subspinosis.

Pitcairnia with leaves quite entire, rather spiney at the base.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The species of Pitcairnia here figured is a native of Jamaica, and was first introduced to Britain by Mr. A. Anderson, in the year 1785. It does not flower so readily as some of the other species, but is equally easy to increase; flourishes in rich earth, and may be kept on a shelf of the hot-house until its flower-stem appears; when, to encourage its flowering, it should be plunged in the bark-bed.—Our drawing was made, in the month of July, from a plant in the Collection of J. Vere, Esquire, Kensington Gore.

GERANIUM BARBATUM. Var. Minor.

Bearded-leaved Geranium. Lesser Var.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogynia. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis pinnatis; foliolis inequaliter, dentatis, apice barbatis; floribus umbellatis; petalis linearibus, recurvatis; staminibus quinque fertilibus, binis longioribus; scapo polystachio; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with winged leaves, leaflets unequally toothed, and bearded at the point; flowers grow in umbels, petals linear, recurved; five fertile chives, two longer; flower-stem branched; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Our present figure is taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, Clapham; and is a very strong variety of the Bearded-leaved Geranium of a former number, taken from the same source. It is, as far as appearances lead, no way differing in character from the rest of the tuberous species of this genus, to require any other treatment. Flowers in June or July.

MAGNOLIA PURPUREA.

Purple-flowered Magnolia.

CLASS XIII. ORDER VII. of Schreb. Gen. Plants.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Many Chives. Many Pointals.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx 3-phyllus. Petala 6-12. Capsulæ 2-valves, imbricatæ. Semina baccata, pendula.

Cup 3-leaved. Petals 6-12. Capsules 2-valved, tiled. Seeds, berries, pendulous.

See Magnolia pumila, Pl. CCXXVI. Vol. IV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Magnolia foliis obovatis, flaccidis; floribus purpureis; petalis obovatis, divaricatis.

Magnolia with inversely egg-shaped, flaccid leaves; flowers purple; petals inversely egg-shaped and straddling.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This fine species of Magnolia is a native of China and Japan, was introduced to us by the late Mr. Slater of Laytonstone, to whom we are so much indebted for the greatest number of beautiful plants which have been imported from thence by any individual. It is a very free growing plant; will resist the severity of our winters, if planted in a warm situation, and is deciduous; but if kept in the conservatory, it retains its leaves the whole year, and flowers about June. It is propagated with ease by laying, or by cuttings, and thrives in peat earth, with a small mixture of loam. The plant from which our figure was taken is in the magnificent Conservatory of the Right Honourable the Marquis of Blandford, White Knights, near Reading, Berks; and, we believe, the finest specimen of this species of Magnolia in Britain.

CODON ROYENI.

Prickly Codon.

CLASS XI. ORDER I.

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Twelve Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, duodecempartitum; foliolis subulatis, persistentibus, erectis, alternis brevioribus.

Corolla monopetala, campanulata, basi torulosa; limbo duodecimpartito, aquali.

Nectarium duodecim loculare ex squamis 12, unguibus staminum insertis, conniventibus, receptaculum tegentibus.

Stamina. Filamenta duodecim, longitudine corollæ. Antheræ crassæ.

Pistillum. Germen superum, conicum. Stylus simplex, longitudine staminum. Stigmata duo, longa, setacea, divergentia.

Pericarpium. Capsula bilocularis.

Semina plurima, subrotunda, nigra.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, twelve-divided; leaflets awl-shaped, remaining, upright, the alternate ones shorter.

Blossom one petal, bell-shaped, rather swelled at the base; border twelve-divided, equal.

Honey-cup twelve-celled, consisting of 12 scales, inserted into the claws of the chives, approaching, covering the receptacle.

Chives. Twelve threads, the length of the blossom. Tips thick.

Pointal. Seed-bud above, conical. Shaft simple, the length of the chives. Summits two, long, like bristles, straddling.

Seed Vessel. Capsule two-celled.

Seeds numerous, roundish, black,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Codon foliis alternis, cordato-ovatis, acuminatis, setaceo-spinosis; floribus subcapitatis, terminalibus.

Codon with alternate leaves, between heart-shaped and oval, tapered to the point, with spine-like bristles; flowers grow nearly in heads, terminating the branches.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

As an interesting desideratum, this plant has stood long amongst botanical collectors; but till the year 1801, it was never seen, in a vegetating state, in Britain; at which period, it was introduced to our gardens, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape of Hope. It is not, we believe, (although considered hitherto as such,) an annual; but rather, a half woody shrub, easily destroyed by moisture. As the seed appears to ripen freely, although there seems no other mode of perpetuating the plant, we shall stand in no danger of losing it; its attractions are, indeed, not great as to beauty, but much so as to singularity; since we have no plant to which it affines in general habit. The seeds should be sown on a gentle hot-bed, in March, and transplanted when about two inches high, into pots, to flower, which they will do about September. Our drawing was made at the Hammersmith Nursery. Having had the opportunity of examining the flowers, of more than twenty plants; we are convinced it has been wrong placed by Van Royen to decandria; for although many flowers may be found, even on the same plant, some with eight, others with ten chives, yet at least 90 out of 100 have twelve; wherefore we have, without scruple, placed it to dodecandria.

PHARNACEUM LINEARE.

Linear-leaved Pharnaceum.

CLASS V. ORDER III.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Five Chives. Three Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium pentaphyllum; foliolis subovatis, concavis, patentibus, æqualibus, persistentibus, intus coloratus, margine tenui.

Corolla nulla; hinc calycis margo tenuis et calyx interne coloratus.

Stamina. Filamenta quinque, subulata, longitudine calycis. Antheræ basi bifidæ.

Pistilla. Germen ovatum, trigonum. Styli tres, filiformes, longitudine staminum. Stigmata obtusa.

Pericarpium. Capsula ovata, obsoletè trigona, tecta, trilocularis, trivalvis.

Semina numerosa, nitida, orbiculata, depressa, margine acuto cincta.

Empalement. Cup five-leaved; leaflets nearly egg-shaped, concave, spreading, equal, permanent, coloured within, with a thin edge.

Blossom none; hence the edge of the cup is thin and the inside of it is coloured.

Chives. Five-threads, awl-shaped, the length of the cup. Tips cleft at the base.

Pointals. Seed-bud egg-shaped, three-sided. Shafts three, thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summits blunt.

Seed-vessel. Capsule egg-shaped, bluntly three-cornered, covered, three-celled, three valves.

Seeds numerous, shining, orbicular, flattened, surrounded by a sharp rim.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pharnaceum foliis linearibus, verticillatis; umbellis inequalibus; calycibus aurantiis; caule decumbente.

Pharnaceum with linear leaves, growing in whorls; umbels unequal; cups orange coloured; stem bending downwards.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This little plant much resembles our Corn Spurry, or Spergula arvensis, at first sight. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, seldom grows more than six inches high, and is very apt to be destroyed by the damps of our winters. It should be placed in the airyest part of the greenhouse, and kept in light sandy loam. To propagate it, the cuttings should be put in, about the month of March, in the heat of a gentle hot-bed, or the bark-bed of the hot-house; the seeds are sometimes perfected. It has been often introduced to us, but as often lost; as it is not a plant of much shew, no great deal of pains has, hitherto, been taken for its preservation. Our drawing was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, in the month of July, 1802.

XERANTHEMUM ARGENTEUM.

Silvery Everlasting-Flower.

CLASS XIX. ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Receptaculum paleaceum. Pappus setaceus. Calyx imbricatus, radiatus; radio colorato.

Receptacle chaffy. Feather bristly. Cup tiled, rayed; ray coloured.

See Xeranthemum speciocissimum, V. I. Pl. LI.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Xeranthemum fruticosum; foliis lanceolatis, carinatis, sericeis; floribus paniculatis, argenteis.

Everlasting flower with a shrubby stem; leaves lance-shaped, keeled, and silky; flowers grow in panicles, and silvery.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This new species of Everlasting-flower was introduced to us, at the same time, with the X. spirale this work, Pl. CCLXII. by Montague Burgoyne, Esq. of Mark Hall, Essex, in the year 1801. It is a quick growing plant, and has flowered for the first time last April, when our drawing was taken. The flower stems grow to the length of eighteen inches, or more; and the buds, upon their first appearance, have a fine tint of flesh colour, which, however, totally disappears upon the expansion of the flower. It is propagated by cuttings, seeds, (which ripen in this country,) or by parting the branches at the root, as it makes many from one base, which are easily separated by passing a knife between them. It thrives best in sandy peat with a small portion of loam, and must be kept in an airy, dry part of the greenhouse.

GERANIUM BUBONIFOLIUM.

Macedonian-Parsley-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, pentacoccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis pinnatis, pinnis oppositis, lobatis, distantibus, lobis inciso-dentatis, glabris; petalis emarginatis, albis; staminibus quinque fertilibus; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with winged leaves, wings opposite, lobed, distant, lobes deep cut and toothed, smooth; petals notched at the end, white, five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This Geranium, from the Cape of Good Hope, is quite distinct in its habit, from most of the tuberous species; the leaflets or wings of the leaves being more hand-shaped, and at a greater distance from each other, than in any which has come under our observation; having much the appearance of those of the plant from which we have derived its specific title. The plant was introduced by Mr. Niven, to the Clapham Collection, in 1800; where our drawing was taken in the month of June, 1802. The cultivation as usual, for the plants of this branch of the Geranium family.

PHARNACEUM LINEARE. Var. flo. albo.

Linear-leaved Pharnaceum. White Var.

CLASS V. ORDER III.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Five Chives. Three Pointals.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx 5-phyllus. Corolla nulla.

Capsula 3-locularis, polysperma.

Cup 5-leaved. Blossom none.

Capsule 3-celled, many-seeded.

See Pharnaceum lineare. Pl. CCCXXVI. V. V.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pharnaceum foliis linearibus, verticillatis; umbellis inequalibus; calycibus albo-virentibus; caule decumbente.

Pharnaceum with linear leaves, growing in whorls; umbels unequal; cups whitish green; stem bending downwards.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

We have given this variety of the linear-leaved Pharnaceum, at the same time with the orange-coloured, as being the only two Cape species, at present, in our gardens. It is equally tender and delicate with its fellow, is equally difficult to propagate; and was introduced, this last time, to the Hibbertian Collection in 1800, by Mr. Niven, with it.

NYMPHÆA STELLATA.

Starr’d Water-Lily.

CLASS XIII. ORDER I.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Many Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx 4, 5, seu 6-phyllus. Cor. polypetala. Bacca multilocularis, truncata.

Cup 4, 5 or 6-leaved. Bloss. many petals. Berry many-celled, appearing cut off at top.

See Nymphæa cœrulea, Pl. CXCVII. Vol. III.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Nymphæa foliis subrotundis, sinuatis, subtus purpurascentibus; lobis divaricatis, acutis; calyce tetraphyllo, petalis acutis cœruleis longiore.

Water-lily with nearly round leaves, scollopped and purplish underneath; lobes straddling and pointed; cup four-leaved, longer than the pointed, blue petals.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This fine species of Water-lily is a native of the East Indies, on the Malabar coast; and has been given by Rheed, in his Hortus Malabaricus, Vol. II. p. 53. fig. 27. At first sight, it has much the appearance of N. cœrulea, but upon closer inspection it is found to possess many strongly differing characters, viz. In this, the under part of the leaves are purplish, the lobes straddle; in that, they are tiled, or lay upon each other; in N. stellata the petals or chives seldom exceed ten; whereas, the N. cœrulea has an indefinite number of both. The roots, likewise, are perfectly distinct; in N. cœrulea the diverging roots proceed from the lower part of the bulb, from whence the leaves issue, but in N. stellata from the top, leaving below them a smooth top-shaped bulb. The parts which compose the summit, or rather the summits, (for indeed we should consider them, if it lay with us, as distinct pointals,) are expanded horizontally when the flower is in its perfect state, forming a star like appearance, whence its specific name. It is much tenderer than N. cœrulea, and will not flower but in strong heat. Mr. Anderson informs us that the plants which have produced perfect seeds, this year, were from seeds, received by A. B. Lambert, Esq. (communicated by Dr. Roxburgh from India) in the month of March, and raised by him for the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, where our drawing was made in August.

XYLOPHYLLA FALCATA.

Cymitar-shaped-leaved Xylophylla.

CLASS XXI. ORDER III.

MONŒCIA TRIANDRIA. Chives and Pointals separate. Three Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

* Masculi flores.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, tripartitum, coloratum; laciniis ovatis, patulis, ovatis.

Corolla. Petala tria, ovata, concava.

Stamina. Filamenta tria, brevissima, basi approximata. Antheræ subrotundæ, didymæ.

* Feminei flores in eodem fasciculo cum masculis.

Calyx. Perianthium ut in mare.

Corolla ut in mare.

Nectarium corpusculis glandulosis germen ambientibus.

Pistillum. Germen subrotundum, trisulcatum. Styli tres, patuli, bifidi. Stigmata obtusa.

Pericarpium. Capsula trigona, trisulca, trilocularis; loculis bivalvibus.

Semina solitaria.

* Male flowers.

Empalement. Cup one leaf, three divided, coloured; segments egg-shaped, spreading, oval.

Blossom. Petals three, egg-shaped, concave.

Chives. Threads three, very short, and approaching at the base. Tips roundish, double.

* Female flowers in the same tuft with the males.

Empalement. Cup as in the male.

Blossom as in the male.

Honey-cup is formed of small glandular bodies surrounding the seed-bud.

Pointal. Seed-bud roundish, three-furrowed. Shafts three, short. Summits blunt.

Seed-vessel. Capsule three-sided, three-furrowed, three cells; cells two-valved.

Seeds solitary.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Xylophylla foliis sparsis, integris, falcatis, crenatis; crenis remotis, floriferis; floribus rubris.

Xylophylla with leaves scattered on the stem, entire, cymitar-shaped and scolloped; the scollops distant, and having the flowers on them; flowers red.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

It should seem that this Genus has not been observed with sufficient accuracy, at least those plants known to us, and which have been treated of as belonging to the class Pentandria. The present one, for instance, which is unquestionably the plant designed by Swartz, Commelin, Seba, &c. an is acknowledged by Swartz to be triandrous and monœcious, yet that it should be continued in the Kew Catalogue and by Willdenow, &c. to Pentandria, is astonishing. We have no hesitation in declaring our opinion that the whole genus as it now stands ought to be thrown to Phyllanthus. But, as the title Xylophylla is so well known for these plants; we have thought it more safe to give the Genus those characters the plants bear under their true Class and Order, than make any alteration in it. The Xylophylla falcata is a native of the West India Islands, and has been long cultivated in our hot-houses; so long ago as the year 1739. It is a tender plant, and will not flower without the assistance of the bark-bed; is easily propagated by cuttings; grows best in sandy peat, and flowers in August. Our drawing was made at the Hammersmith Nursery.

PROTEA ANEMONIFOLIA.

Anemony-leaved Protea.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.

Blossom 4-cleft or 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the point. Empalement proper, none. Seeds solitary.

See Protea formosa, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis pinnatis, pinnis planis, cuneiformibus, sub apice inciso-dentatis; capitalis terminalibus; squamis calycinis lanceolatis, glabris; floribus luteis.

Protea with winged leaves, wings flat, wedge-shaped, deeply toothed at the point; flower heads terminal; scales of the cup lance-shaped, smooth; flowers yellow.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Protea Anemonifolia is one of the only three species of the Genus, we have, yet, received from New Holland. It was introduced to us, from thence, in the year 1792, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith; is a hardy green-house plant; grows to the height of three, or four feet; may be propagated by cuttings, and flowers in August. It thrives best in a mixture of light sandy loam, and peat earth, of each an equal quantity.

SAGITTARIA LANCIFOLIA.

Lance-leaved Arrowhead.

CLASS XXI. ORDER VII.

MONŒCIA POLYANDRIA. Chives and Pointals separate. Many Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

* Masculi flores plures.

Calyx. Perianthium triphyllum; foliolis ovatis, concavis, persistentibus.

Corolla. Petala tria, subrotunda, obtusa, plana, patientia, calyci triplo majora.

Stamina. Filamenta plurima (viginti quatuor sæpe), subulata, in capitulum congesta. Antheræ erectæ, longitudine calycis.

* Feminei flores pauciores, infra masculos.

Calyx. Perianthium ut in mare.

Corolla. Petala tria, ut in mare.

Pistilla. Germina numerosa, compressa, in capitulum congesta, extrorsum gibba, desinentia in stylos brevissimos. Stigmata acuta, persistentia.

Pericarpium nullum. Receptaculum globosum, semina in globum colligens.

Semina numerosa, oblonga, compressa, cincta longitudinaliter margine membranaceo, lato, hinc gibbo, utrinque acuminato.

* Male flowers many.

Empalement. Cup three leaves; leaflets egg-shaped, concave, remaining.

Blossom. Three petals, roundish, blunt, flat, spreading, three times the size of the cup.

Chives. Threads many (often twenty-four), awl-shaped, collected into a little head. Tips upright, the length of the cup.

* Female flowers fewer, beneath the males.

Empalement. Cup as in the male.

Blossom. Three petals, as in the male.

Pointals. Seed-buds numerous, flattened, forming a little head, hunched on the outerside, ending in very short shafts. Summits pointed, remaining.

Seed-vessel none. Receptacle globular, supporting the seeds in the form of a globe.

Seeds numerous, oblong, flattened, surrounded lengthways by a broad skinny border, hunched on one side, tapering to each end.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Sagittaria foliis lanceolato-ovatis.

Arrowhead with leaves between lance and egg-shaped.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

All the species of this Genus of plants are aquatic, or water plants, and differ but little from each other, in their specific characters. Our present subject is a native of the West India Islands, and requires the atmosphere of a hot-house to induce it to flower. The blossoms, on the lower part of the flower-stem, are all females; and those on the upper part, males; they are all exceedingly delicate, as either wind, or wet, destroys them. It increases by offsets from the root; but the seeds do not ripen in this country. It must be kept in a pan or tub half filled with earth, and the other half with water, but does not require to be plunged in the tan-bed.

Our figure was taken from a plant which flowered this year 1803 (and, for the first time in Britain, as we are informed by Mr. Anderson), in the month of July, in the Collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore.

STRUTHIOLA TOMENTOSA.

Downy-leaved Struthiola.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Perianthium diphyllum. Corolla tubulosa, 4-fida. Nectarium glandulæ octo fauci circumpositæ. Semen unum subbaccatum.

Cup two leaved. Blossom tubular, 4-cleft. Honey-cup 8 glands, placed round the mouth of the blossom. One seed like a berry.

See Struthiola imbricata, Pl. CXIII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Struthiola foliis ovatis, concavis, callosis, tomentosis, imbricatis; nectario duodecim partito.

Struthiola with egg shaped leaves, concave, callous, downy and tiled; honey-cup with twelve divisions.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Clapham Collection is the only one in which this curious species of Struthiola is, at present, to be seen. It was sent by Mr. Niven, from the Cape, in 1799, and flowered, for the first time, last year 1802, in the month of August, when our drawing was made. It is a tender Green-house plant, as are most of this natural order, from that country; being susceptible of too great moisture, either when exposed to the open air during heavy rains in summer, or from over watering in winter. Wherefore they are best preserved by sheltering them in an airy situation during summer, and giving them but little water in winter. It is encreased by cuttings, taken off in the month of May, planted in a pot, filled to the margin with sandy loam, and plunged under a hand-glass, in a shady border, without watering the loam. It grows most flourishing in a mixture of sandy peat and loam; the peat about one third part.

GLADIOLUS PYRAMIDATUS.

Pyramidal-spiked Gladiolus.

CLASS III. ORDER I.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.

Blossom six-divided, gaping. Chives ascending.

See Gladiolus roseus, Pl. XI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Gladiolus foliis ensiformibus, utrinque attenuatis, glabris; spathis præmorsis; spicis pyramidatis; floribus imbricatis, subringentibus.

Gladiolus with sword-shaped leaves, tapered to both ends, and smooth; sheaths appear bitten at the ends; spikes pyramid-shaped; flowers tiled, a little gaping.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This fine Gladiolus from the Cape of Good Hope, we believe, has not flowered, or is to be found, in any other collection than that of the Dowager Lady De Clifford, Paddington; where our drawing was taken in August, this year, 1803. It grows to the height of three feet; and the flowers continue to blow, from four to six at a time in succession, from the base of the spike. It is a hardy bulb, and has every appearance of being a free blower.

ANCHUSA CAPENSIS.

Cape Alkanet.

CLASS V. ORDER I.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium quinquepartitum oblongum, teres, acutum, persistens.

Corolla monopetala, infundibuliformis; tubus cylindricus, longitudine calycis; limbus semiquinquefidus, obtusus, erecto-patens; faux clausa squamulis quinque, convexis, prominentibus, oblongis, conniventibus.

Stamina. Filamenta quinque, brevissima, in fauce corollæ. Antheræ oblongæ, incumbentes, tectæ.

Pistillum. Germina quatuor. Stylus filiformis, longitudine staminum. Stigma obtusum, emarginatum.

Pericarpium nullum; Calyx major, erectus, in sinu continens semina.

Semina quatuor, oblongiuscula, obtusa, gibba.

Empalement. Cup five-parted, oblong, cylindrical, pointed, remaining.

Blossom one petal, funnel-shape; tube cylindric, the length of the cup; border half-five-cleft, obtuse, from erect spreading; throat closed with five small scales, convex, prominent, oblong, converging.

Chives. Five very short threads in the throat of the blossom. Tips oblong, incumbent, covered.

Pointals. Seed-buds four. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summit blunt, notched at the end.

Seed-vessel none; the Cup larger and erect, containing the seeds in its bosom.

Seeds four, somewhat oblong, blunt, hunched.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Anchusa foliis lanceolatis, villosis, callosis; floribus racemoso-paniculatis, cœruleis.

Alkanet with lance-shaped leaves, hairy, and callous; flowers grow in bunches nearly panicled, blue.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This is the only species of the Genus we have yet seen from the Cape of Good Hope; and, as it appears that Thunberg discovered but this solitary instance, which he has given in his Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, under the specific title we have here adopted, from him; he, perhaps, thought himself warranted in so naming it; although naming plants from the country where they are first found requires but little reasoning to shew its impropriety. It is a hardy green-house plant, but from all appearance, like the most of this natural order, rather short-lived. It grows freely in a mixture of loam and sandy peat; and there is every appearance that the seeds will ripen, the only method by which there is any likelihood of its being perpetuated.

The plant, before flowering, does not grow above six inches high; but the flower-stem rises near eighteen inches. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection; where it flowered for the first time in England in the month of July 1803; having been sent home, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape, in 1800.

PROTEA TRITERNATA.

Cluster-headed Protea.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla quadrifida seu quadripetala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus.

Semina solitaria.

Blossom four-cleft or four petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the point. Empalement proper, none.

Seeds solitary.

See Protea formosa, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis bipinnatis, brevibus, filiformibus, confertis, glabris; floribus terminalibus, umbellatis; pedunculis bracteis, capitulis longioribus; squamis calycinis subulatis, hirtis.

Protea with doubly winged leaves, short, thread-shaped, crowded and smooth; flowers terminate the branches in umbels; fruit stalks with floral leaves, and longer than the small heads; scales of the cup awl-shaped and hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This beautiful divided leaved Protea has been named, as above, by Thunberg, in his Dissertatio de Protea, n. 7, and in his Prodromus plantarum capensium 25. It is rather a delicate plant, and subject to lose the lower leaves from the stem, which takes something from the beauty of its habit. The young leaves, when they first appear, have a downy character, which disappears as they grow firm. The stem has likewise, in its young state, a tendency to downiness, which is not discovered on the old wood; and is, where the leaves are extant, quite covered by them. It grows to the height of three feet, is propagated by cuttings, and flowers in the month of July. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, which was raised from Cape seeds in 1800, sent from thence by Mr. Niven.

GERANIUM CORONOPIFOLIUM.

Buck’s-horn-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

One Pointal. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

See Geranium grandiflorum, Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis subcuneatis, apice inciso-dentatis, canescentibus, petiolis longissimis; pedunculis subtrifloris; corollis pallidè violaceis; caulê suffruticoso; staminibus quinque fertilibus.

Geranium with nearly wedge-shaped leaves, deeply toothed at the end, whitish and very long foot-stalks; flower stems mostly three-flowered; blossoms pale purple; stem rather woody; five fertile chives.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Geranium coronopifolium is one of those species we may fairly denominate biennial; for such is certainly the G. tricolor, G. Oenothera, G. tomentosum, &c. and as such must be propagated every year to have a succession of them. It is readily increased by putting the cuttings into small pots, and plunging them in the heat of a hot-bed or hot-house, early in the month of March; which plants will flower in September. It was first introduced to the Kew Gardens by Mr. Masson in 1792. The plant very delicate, and should be kept in a dry part of the green-house, in a mixture of sandy peat and rich earth. Our figure is from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection; where, likewise, we found the variety of which a flower is given on the plate. Mr. Allen informs us, he procured the Var. by approximating a plant of this species to the G. tricolor; first impregnating the summits of the flower of G. coronopifolium, with the pollen from the tips of the G. tricolor, a method much practised of late for the production of varieties, in many genera.

LOBELIA CORONOPIFOLIA.

Buck’s-horn-leaved Lobelia.

CLASS XIX. ORDER VI.

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. Tips united. Flowers simple.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx 5-fidus. Corolla 1-petala, irregularis. Capsula infera, 2-seu 3-locularis.

Cup 5-cleft. Blossom 1-petal, irregular. Capsule beneath, 2 or 3-celled.

See Lobelia pinifolia, Pl. CCLXXIII. Vol. IV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lobelia foliis lanceolatis, dentatis, glabris; floribus solitariis, axillaribus; pedunculis elongatis; stigmatibus obtusis, pilosis.

Lobelia with lance-shaped leaves, toothed and smooth; flowers solitary, from the base of the leaves; foot-stalks lengthened; summits blunt, hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The character of most of the Lobelias from the Cape, and elsewhere, is, that they are either annual or biennial, and can scarcely be considered as shrubs. Our present subject is a biennial from the Cape of Good Hope, flowers the first year from the seed, if sown in March, and may be preserved a second year; but, as it seeds so abundantly, it is scarce worth the pains to preserve it, as the plants of one year’s growth are so much handsomer than those preserved through the winter. It flowers from July till October, and should be kept in sandy peat earth.

The L. coronopifolia was introduced to the Kew Collection in 1787, by Mr. F. Masson, and is now in most collections.

LOBELIA GRACILIS.

Slender-stemed Lobelia.

CLASS XIX. ORDER VI.

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. Tips united. Flowers simple.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx 5-fidus. Corolla monopetala, irregularis. Capsula infera, 2-seu 3-locularis.

Cup 5-cleft. Blossom one petal, irregular. Capsule beneath, 2 or 3-celled.

See Lobelia pinifolia, Pl. CCLXXIII. Vol. IV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lobelia foliis inferioribus ovatis, sinuatis, superioribus lanceolatis, dentatis; petalis duobus minoribus barbatis; floribus spicatis; stigmatibus bifidis.

Lobelia with the lower leaves egg-shaped and scollopped, the upper ones lance-shaped and toothed; the two smaller petals bearded; flowers grow in spikes; summits two-cleft.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This most delicate little plant, of which our figure represents the whole, was raised in 1801, from Cape seeds, sent by Mr. Niven from thence, for the Clapham gardens; where our drawing was made this year, 1803, in the month of August. It is an annual plant, producing its seeds freely, as do most species of this genus, which should be sown in the month of March, in light sandy peat, and transplanted about May.

PHASEOLUS CARACALLA.

Snail-Flower Kidney-Bean.

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Chives in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, bilabiatum; labio superiori emarginato, inferiore tridentato.

Corolla papillionacea.

Vexillum, cordatum, obtusum, emarginatum, reclinatum, lateribus reflexis.

Alæ, ovatæ, longitudine vexilli, unguibus longis insidentes.

Carina, angusta, spiraliter contra solem revoluta.

Stamina. Filamenta diadelpha, (simplex et novemfidum) intra carinam, spiralia. Antheræ decem, simplices.

Pistillum. Germen oblongum, compressum villosum. Stylus filiformis, spiraliter inflexus, superne pubescens. Stigma obtusum, crassiusculum, villosum.

Pericarpium. Legumen longum, rectum, coriaceum, obtusum cum acumine.

Semina reniformia, oblonga, compressa.

Empalement. Cup one leaf, two-lipped, upper lip notched at the end, lower three-toothed.

Blossom butterfly-shaped.

Standard, heart-shaped, blunt, notched at the top, reclined, reflexed at the sides.

Wings, egg-shaped, the length of the Standard, terminating in long claws.

Keel, narrow, twisted spirally contrary to the sun.

Chives. Threads in two sets, (simple and nine-cleft,) within the keel, spiral. Tips ten, simple.

Pointal. Seed-bud oblong, flattened, hairy. Shaft thread-shaped, spirally bent inwards, downy above. Summit blunt, thickish, hairy.

Seed vessel. A long pod, straight, leathery, blunt with a point.

Seeds kidney-shaped, oblong, flattened.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Phaseolus caule volubili; vexillis, carinaque spiraliter convolutis.

Kidney-bean with a twining stem; standards and keel spirally twisted from the left to the right.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

As a singular vegetable production, we have given a specimen of this most curious flower, but not as a novelty, as it is, certainly, rather common, the seeds having frequently been brought to us from Portugal, (to which country it was first introduced from Brasil in South America), ever since the year 1690. It is a climbing plant and must be kept in the hot-house, is propagated by seeds or cuttings, grows to the height of 12 or 14 feet, and should be planted in rich earth. The flowers are produced about August; they are very fragrant, but have not much duration, and the plant has much the resemblance of the common scarlet kidney-bean.

COBBEA SCANDENS.

Climbing Cobbea.

CLASS V. ORDER I.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, semiquinquefidum; laciniis cordatis, mucronatis, patentibus, persistens.

Corolla monopetala, campanulata, versus basin arctata, quinquefida; laciniis concavis, trilobis, ciliatis; squamulæ quinque lanatæ, ad basin sinus tubi, conniventes.

Nectarium, corpus carnosum, quinquangulare, decem sulcatum, germen cingens.

Stamina. Filamenta quinque, squamulis corollæ orta, declinata. Antheræ incumbentes.

Pistillum. Germen ovatum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis, declinatus, staminibus longior. Stigmata tria, plana, recurvata.

Pericarpium. Capsula oblonga, trilocularis, trivalvis.

Semina plurima, valvulis affixa, compressa, imbricata.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, half five-cleft; segments heart-shaped, ending in a point, spreading, persistent.

Blossom one-petal, bell-shaped, narrowed towards the base, five-cleft; segments concave, three-lobed, fringed; five woolly scales at the base of the bosom of the tube closing upon each other.

Honey-cup, a fleshy body, five-angled, ten-furrowed, embracing the seed-bud.

Chives. Five threads, arising from the scales of the blossom, declined. Tips lying upon the threads.

Pointal. Seed-bud egg-shaped, furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped, declined, longer than the threads. Summits three, flat, turned back.

Seed-vessel. Capsule oblong, three cells, three valves.

Seeds many, fixed to the valves, flat, tiled.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Cobbea foliis conjugatis, cirrhosis; floribus solitariis, pedunculis longissimis; caule scandenti.

Cobbea with conjugate leaves terminating in a tendril; flowers solitary, foot-stalks very long; stem climbing.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The specimen, from which our drawing was taken, was communicated by Mrs. Long, from the Collection of the Honourable Charles Long, of Bromley Hill, Kent; where, we believe, the only plant of this fine Genus is at present to be found in Britain; and where it has flowered, for the first time, this year, in the month of September, 1803. It is a native of the East Indies, and must be kept as a hot-house plant; is propagated by cuttings, and thrives in rich earth; will grow, if permitted, to the height of twenty feet or more, and is still in flower this present month of November.

BLANDFORDIA CORDATA.

Heart-shape-leaved Blandfordia.

CLASS V. ORDER I.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, semiquinquefidum; laciniis concavis, ovatis, obtusis, erectis; persistens.

Corolla. Petala quinque, oblongo-linearia, subtruncata, patentia, calyci inserta.

Nectarium urceolatum, membranaceum, germen cingens; limbo quinque-lobo, laciniis clavatis, capitatis.

Stamina. Filamenta nulla. Antheræ quinque, subrotundæ, didymæ; nectarii margini, inter lacinias limbi, affixæ.

Pistillum. Germen subrotundum. Stylus brevissimus, erectus. Stigma obsoletum.

Pericarpium. Capsula oblonga, unilocularis, bivalvis.

Semina plurima, minuta, glabra.

Empalement. Cup one leaf, half-five-cleft; Segments concave, egg-shaped, blunt, upright; remaining.

Blossom. Five petals, oblong-linear, appearing rather cut off at the ends, spreading, inserted into the cup.

Honey-cup pitcher-shaped, skinny, surrounding the seed-bud; border five-lobed, segments club-shaped, and headed.

Chives. Threads none. Tips five, roundish, double; fixed, between the segments of the border, upon the margin of the honey-cup.

Pointal. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft very short, upright. Summit obsolete.

Seed-vessel. Capsule oblong, one cell, two valves.

Seeds many, small, smooth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Blandfordia foliis cordatis, reticulatis, crenato-dentatis, floribus spicatis.

Blandfordia with leaves heart-shaped, netted, and between scolloped and toothed; flowers grow in spikes.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Blandfordia cordata was first observed by Mr. J. Fraser, in the year 1786, on the banks of the Savannah river, near its source, in Georgia, North America; but was not introduced to us until the year 1800, when it was brought to England, amongst many other novelties, by that gentleman. It is, as are most of the plants of that country, rather too tender to resist the severity of our winters; and should be protected, either in the green-house, or in the coolest and shadiest part of the hot-house; where, if it is kept the year through, it will flourish, and flower about the month of June. It is increased by parting the roots about April; delights in moisture and shade; thriving most in a light peat soil, with a small mixture of sandy loam. This plant, from its general habit, would at first sight be taken for a species of Tiarella, or Heuchera, to both which it bears great resemblance, being all, likewise, natives of the same clime; but the strongly differing characters, in the parts of fructification, prevent its being placed to either of those genera. The honey-cup, it is true, might, perhaps, with reason, be considered as the connected threads of ten chives, and what we take to be the segments of its border, set down as so many sterile ones to make up this number. Thus, the plant would be transmuted to the XVI class; but, from our best judgment, we have placed it, as above, in the V.

Our figure is from a specimen communicated by the Right Hon. the Marquis of Blandford, from his magnificent gardens at White Knights, near Reading, Berks. Little need be urged for the propriety of our naming a plant from the Marquis of Blandford; and thus, dedicating this small part of our labours to his lordship; as few, at present, patronize the science, through all its branches, with so much vigour and liberality, or who have equal knowledge in its theory and practice.

EPIDENDRUM ENSIFOLIUM.

Sword shaped-leaved Epidendrum.

CLASS XX. ORDER I.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Chives on the Pointal. Two Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Nectarium turbinatum, obliquum, reflexum.

Honey-cup top-shaped, oblique and reflexed.

See Pl. XIII. Vol. I. Epidendrum cochleatum.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Epidendrum scapo tereti, lævi; foliis ensiformibus; petalis lanceolatis glabris; labio lanceolato, recurvato, maculato.

Epidendrum with a round smooth stem; leaves sword-shaped; petals lance-shaped, smooth; lip lance-shaped, recurved and spotted.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Sword-shaped-leaved Epidendrum is a native of China and Japan, was cultivated, before 1792, in the gardens of the Marchioness of Rockingham, at Hillindon, Middlesex. It has more the habit and character of Limodorum than Epidendrum, to which genus it was first placed; and, like the Epidendrum sinense of this work, Plate CCXVI. Vol. III. requires but little heat to keep it in health; preferring a sandy loam to any other matter, for its nourishment. It, like the forenamed, and several other species of this genus, or rather of the genus Limodorum, not being thick-leaved, or parasitic, where indigenous, are of consequence much easier preserved and increased than those of that description. Its flowers, which are produced in September or October, are very fragrant, particularly in the evening, continue in perfection above a month. It is propagated by parting the roots in the month of May.

Our drawing was made from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection.

HYACINTHUS CORYMBOSUS.

Linear-leaved Cape Hyacinth.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx nullus.

Corolla monopetala, campanulata; limbus sexfidus, reflexus.

Nectarium; pori tres melliferi ad apicem germinis.

Stamina. Filamenta sex, subulata, breviora. Antheræ conniventes.

Pistillum. Germen superum, rotundo-trigonum, trisulcum. Stylus simplex, corolla brevior. Stigma obtusum.

Pericarpium. Capsula subrotunda, triquetra, trilocularis, trivalvis.

Semina bina (sæpius,) subrotunda.

Empalement none.

Blossom one petal, bell-shaped; border six-cleft, reflexed.

Honey-cup, three honied pores at the tip of the seed-bud.

Chives. Six threads awl-shaped, shorter. Tips converging.

Pointal. Seed-bud above, round-three-cornered, three-furrowed. Shaft simple, shorter than the blossom. Summit blunt.

Seed-vessel. Capsula roundish, three-sided, three-celled, three-valved.

Seeds in pairs (often,) roundish.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Hyacinthus corollis infundibuliformibus, corymbosis, erectis; scapo foliis linearibus breviore.

Hyacinth with funnel-shaped blossoms, growing in a broad topped spike, upright; flower-stem shorter than the leaves, which are linear.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Amongst the plants, of this natural order, from the Cape of Good Hope, we find such an intermixture of character, in the different parts of fructification; that, if some latitude is not taken in referring them to some of the old genera, almost every fresh subject, we discover, would require a new one. This plant, although we have placed it to Hyacinthus, with those that have gone before us, has juster claims to Drimia, Polyanthes or Scilla; for it is wanting in the essential characters of Hyacinthus, being unfurnished with the honied pores, and having the chives inserted into the tube of the blossom, three of which are, alternately, double the length of the others. To Drimia, a new genus of Professor Jacquin, and a mutilation of Hyacinthus, it is most allied; but, we have not thought fit to alter its known station, as, without doubt, the multiplication of genera, or altering the place of known plants, adds but to the difficulties of a most intricate, though pleasing study. It is a hardy green-house bulb; delights in a mixture of peat earth and sandy loam; increases by offsets, and flowers in October or November. Our figure was made from a plant in the Nursery of Mr. Williams of Turnham Green, who first imported it in 1800. It is said, by Koenig, to grow in pasture lands near the Cape town, and was first noticed there by him.

CASUARINA STRICTA.

Upright Casuarina.

CLASS XXI. ORDER I.

MONOECIA MONANDRIA. Chives and Pointal separate. One Chive.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

* Masculi flores.

Calyx. Amentum filiforme, imbricatum, squamis minutis, unifloris.

Corolla. Squamulæ bipartitæ, ovatæ, minutæ.

Stamina. Filamentum unicum, capillare, squama amenti longius. Anthera didyma.

* Feminei flores in eadem arbore.

Calyx. Amentum ovato-cylindricum; squamis ovatis, acutis, carinatis, ciliatis.

Corolla nulla.

Pistillum. Germen minutum. Stylus filiformis, longus, exsertus, bifidus. Stigmata duo.

Pericarpium. Strobilus squamis bivalvibus, perpendiculariter dehiscentibus.

Semina solitaria, conica, margine membranacea.

* Male flowers.

Empalement. Catkin thread-shape, tiled with small one-flowered scales.

Blossom. Scales two-parted, ovate, minute.

Chives. Thread one, hair-like, longer than the scale of the catkin. Tip double.

* Female flowers on the same plant.

Empalement. Catkin ovate-cylindric, with egg-shaped, acute, keeled, tiled scales.

Blossom none.

Pointal. Seed-bud minute. Shaft thread-shaped, long, without, two-cleft. Summits two.

Seed vessel. Cone with two-valved scales, splitting perpendicularly.

Seeds solitary, conical, with a skinny edge.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Casuarina dioica ramulellis erectis; strobilorum squamis inermibus; vaginis masculis multi-fidis, glabris.

Casuarina with chives and pointals distinct, and upright branchlets; scales of the cones naked, male sheaths many-parted, smooth.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The Casuarina stricta is a native of New South Wales, and was introduced, by Messrs. Kennedy and Lee, in the year 1775. It is a hardy green-house plant, grows to the height of ten or twelve feet before it flowers, which is in November. It is perfectly dioicous; the male and female blossoms, never coming on the same plant, and either have little to recommend them for beauty; their singularity is what should sooner attract our notice. The two figures, on the plate, which are the male and female, were taken from two plants, in flower, at the same time, in the collection of the Dowager Lady de Clifford, Paddington. All the species, hitherto discovered, since the first, upon which the genus was formed, the C. equisetifolia has, like this, the male and female parts of fructification on different plants; that only, being monoicous, or with the male and female parts on the same plant.

SOPHORA CAPENSIS.

Vetch-leaved Sophora.

CLASS X. ORDER I.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, breve, campanulatum, basi superne gibbum; ore quinque-dentato, obliquo, obtuso.

Corolla papillionacea, pentapetala.

Vexillum oblongum, sensim latius, rectum, lateribus reflexis.

Alæ duæ, oblongæ, basi appendiculatæ, longitudine vexilli.

Carina dipetala; petalis alis conformibus, marginibus inferioribus approximatis, navicularibus.

Stamina. Filamenta decem, distincta, parallela, subulata, longitudine corollæ, intra carina recondita. Antheræ minimæ, assurgentes.

Pistillum. Germen oblongum, teres. Stylus magnitudine et situ staminum. Stigma obtusum.

Pericarpium. Legumen longissimum, tenue, uniloculare, ad semina nodosum.

Semina plurima, subrotunda.

Empalement. Cup one-leaf, short, bell-shaped, hunched at the base on the upper side; mouth five-toothed, oblique, obtuse.

Blossom butterfly-shaped, five petalled.

Standard oblong, gradually wider, straight, reflexed at the sides.

Wings two, oblong, appendicled at the base, the length of the standard.

Keel two petalled with the petals conformable to the wings, the lower margins approaching and boat-shaped.

Chives. Ten threads, distinct, parallel, and shaped, the length of, the blossom, within the keel. Tips very small, turned upwards.

Pointal. Seed-bud oblong, cylindrical. Shaft the size and situation of the chives. Summit blunt.

Seed-vessel. Pod very long, slender, one-celled, knobbed at the seeds.

Seeds many, roundish.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Sophora foliis pinnatis; foliolis lanceolatis, mucronatis, subtus tomentosis; caule fruticoso.

Sophora with winged leaves; leaflets lance-shaped, pointed, downy beneath; stem shrubby.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This is a plant of considerable size at the Cape of Good Hope, so much so, as to be looked upon there rather as a tree, than shrub. It was first sent to England, in the year 1773, by Mr. F. Masson; is a hardy green-house plant; thrives in a mixture of loam and peat, and flowers in August, or September. There is no method, yet discovered, to propagate it in this country; but, as seeds are so common of this plant, near Cape town, there is scarce a parcel arrives, from thence, which does not contain some of them.

Among the new modern vagaries in botany, this genus has been thought, by the French botanists, (those admirable perplexers of natural order,) to be better divided in two, as some of the species happen to have the joints of the pods a little more swelled than others. How so trifling a variation, and that in a part of the plant which is known to vary, in almost every genus, through most of the species, where they are numerous; should have been deemed of sufficient moment to alter the names of so many established plants, and those determined by such authority as Linnæus, we are at a loss to determine; and are equally astonished that Willdenow should have followed them. The new genus is termed Podalyria, and to which, this plant is attached in the new system.

SCHOTIA SPECIOSA.

Lentiscus leaved Schotia.

CLASS X. ORDER I.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, coloratum; tubus turbinatus, subcompressus, carnosus; persistens; limbus semiquinquefidus; laciniis ovatis, concavis, obtusis, erectis, æqualibus.

Corolla. Petala quinque, tubo calycis imposita, oblonga, concava, obtusa, erecta, æqualia, lateribus mutuò incumbentia, sessilia, laciniis calycinis duplo longiora.

Stamina. Filamenta decem, subulata, erecta, petalis paulo longiora, tubo calycis in orbem inserta. Antheræ oblongæ, incumbentes.

Pistillum. Germen oblongum, compressum, pedicellatum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine staminum. Stigma simplex, obtusum.

Pericarpium. Legumen pedicellatum.

Semina bina, ossea, subovata, magna.

Empalement. Cup one leaf, coloured; tube top-shaped, rather flattened, fleshy; permanent; border half five-cleft; segments egg-shaped, concave, blunt, upright, equal.

Blossom. Five petals, placed on the tube of the cup, oblong, concave, blunt, upright, equal, lying over each other at the sides, sitting, twice as long as the segments of the cup.

Chives. Ten threads, awl-shaped, upright, a little longer than the petals, inserted in a ring into the tube of the cup. Tips oblong, laying on the threads.

Pointal. Seed-bud oblong; flattened, with a foot-stalk. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summit simple, blunt.

Seed-vessel. A pod with a foot-stalk.

Seeds two, bony, a little egg-shaped, large.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Schotia foliis pinnatis; foliolis ovatis, mucronatis; floribus cymosis, profundé carneis.

Schotia with winged leaves; leaflets egg-shaped, terminating in a point; flowers in tufts and of a deep flesh colour.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Our present subject stood formerly attached to the genus Guaiacum, under the title of G. affrum, and has been long cultivated in Britain and Holland, perhaps more than a century. Professor Jacquin, in his Collectanea ad Bot. &c. Vol. I. p. 93, thought fit to constitute it a new genus, naming it after his companion R. van der Schot. About the same time, the year 1786, a monograph on this plant was published at Manheim, by Fred. Casim. Medikus, under the name of Theodora Speciosa; but Jacquin’s title has universally obtained. To preserve this plant in good health, it should be kept in the coolest part of the hot-house, or in a dry stove, the warmth of a common green-house being insufficient to preserve its foliage through the winter months. It is a native of all that extent of the African coast from Senegal river, to the Cape of Good Hope, where it grows to the height of twenty feet and upwards. The seeds, which are frequently imported, keep many years in a vegetative state, and is, almost, the only method by which it can be propagated; for little success can be hoped, either from layers, or cuttings. It flowers from October till December, delighting in a light sandy loam. Perhaps, no plant which has been as long in cultivation with us, has so seldom been seen to flower; for, although the plants in the Kew gardens and elsewhere, are of a considerable size, yet have we few instances of its flowering, no mention being made of its time of inflorescence in the catalogue of that collection.

From a plant, still in flower, this present December 1803, which was literally covered with blossoms above two feet from its top, our drawing was taken; it is in the valuable and extensive collection of Isaac Swainson, Esq. Twickenham; which for scientific arrangement and richness in hardy shrubs and herbaceous plants, in particular, yields to no private or public collection we know of; and which, the extreme urbanity of the liberal proprietor, is at all times open, to every botanist or collector.

PROTEA DECUMBENS.

Slender-stemed Protea.

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem.

Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.

Blossom 4-cleft or 4-petalled. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the point.

Cup, proper, none. Seeds solitary.

See Protea formosa, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis bi-pinnatis, filiformibus; capitulis terminalibus, sessilibus; floribus incarnatis, bracteolatis; caule tenue, decumbente.

Protea with doubly winged leaves, thread-shaped; small heads of flowers sitting close on the ends of the branches; flowers flesh-coloured with small floral leaves; stem slender and bending downwards.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

From the great number of new species of the divided leaved Proteas, we are led to conjecture, that they are as numerous as those with entire leaves. The P. decumbens, from the different specimens we have seen, appears to branch into many varieties; some with hairy leaves and stems, some with very close thick set leaves, and some, with both stems and leaves, quite smooth. They are all, nevertheless, very slender stemed; and, there is little doubt but, in their natural state, they rest on the ground; although in the fashion we train them here, they have the appearance of being erect. This species is found at a considerable distance from the Cape Town, on the summits of dry sandy hills; wherefore, it must be kept in the most airy part of the green-house, and watered but seldom. The stem does not grow more than eighteen inches long, and frequently flowers, as was the case in the present instance, when not more than twelve. It is propagated, readily, from cuttings made in the month of May, if treated in the method already directed for the increase of these plants. The earth in which it should be planted is, a light sandy bright loam. Our drawing was taken in the month of July, 1802, from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, to which it was introduced by Mr. Niven, in the year 1800.

LACHENALIA PUSTULATA.

Rough-leaved Lachenalia.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla sexpetala, infera; petalis tribus infera; petalis tribus interioribus longioribus. Stamina erecta. Capsula sub-ovata, trialata. Semina globosa.

Blossom 6-petals, beneath; the three inner petals the longest. Chives erect. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three-winged. Seeds globular.

See Lachenalia pendula, Pl. XLI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lachenalia foliis geminis, lanceolato-linearibus, dense facie pustulatis; scapo reclinato; floribus sub-campanulatis, albo-virentibus.

Lachenalia with leaves in pairs, linearly-lance-shaped, thickly covered with pustules on the face; stem bent downwards; flowers rather bell-shaped, of a whitish green.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

The drawing, from which our figure of this species of Lachenalia was taken, was made from a plant communicated by Isaac Swainson, Esq. from his Botanic Gardens, Twickenham, Middlesex; where it is still in flower, this present month of January, 1804; and where we believe it is only to be met with at present in this kingdom. It is one of the largest growing plants of the genus, the leaves when in a soil it approves attaining the length of eighteen inches, or more. It is as hardy as any of the tribe, very fragrant, easily preserved, increasing freely by the root, and flowering with certainty when the bulb has become of a sufficient size. It grows best in a mixture of light loam and peat, about two-thirds loam, and one of peat.

PULTENÆA RUBIÆFOLIA.

Madder-leaved Pultenæa.

CLASS X. ORDER I.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx quinque-dentatus, utrinque appendiculatus. Corolla papillionacea, alis vexillo brevioribus. Legumen uniloculare, dispermum.

Cup five-toothed, with an appendage on each side. Blossom butterfly-shaped, with the wings shorter than the standard. Pod of one cell with two seeds.

See Pultenæa daphnoides, Pl. XCVIII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pultenæa foliis ternis, verticillatis, lanceolatis, serratis, rigidis; floribus capitatis, cæruleo-purpureis.

Pultenæa with leaves growing by threes in whorls, lance-shaped, sawed and harsh; flowers grow in heads, and of a bluish purple.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Here we find another hiatus to fill up, or pass over; either a new genus is to be formed for this plant, or we must not boggle at trifles, and skip over one of the essential characters of Dr. Smith’s Pultenæas, the appendicles or props at the side of the cup, which are wanting in this plant, though agreeing in every other. We have, however, until the Doctor shall think fit to regulate these new, numerous and intricate genera and species from New Holland, made no scruple to add this plant, as another species, to the genus Pultenæa. It is a low growing bushy shrub, seldom attaining more than a foot in height; is very apt to be destroyed by damp in winter, and is not to be propagated but by seeds, which, however, it perfects in this country. The blossoms begin to appear in May, and continue in succession through the summer months of June, July, and August. It should be kept warm and dry in winter, growing with most luxuriance in light sandy peat earth, and flowering the second year from the seed. This plant was first raised in 1792, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, at their nursery, Hammersmith, where our drawing was taken.

HELONIAS BULLATA.

Spear-leaved Helonias.

CLASS VI. ORDER III.

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx nullus.

Corolla. Petala sex, oblonga, æqualia, decidua.

Stamina. Filamenta sex, subulata, corolla paulo longiora. Antheræ incumbentes.

Pistillum. Germen subrotundum, trigonum. Styli tres, breves, reflexi. Stigmata obtusa.

Pericarpium. Capsula subrotunda, trilocularis.

Semina numerosa, angulata, minima.

Empalement, none.

Blossom. Six petals, oblong, equal, deciduous.

Chives. Six threads, awl-shaped, a little longer than the blossom. Tips lying on the threads.

Pointal. Seed-bud roundish, three-sided. Shafts three, short and reflexed. Summits obtuse.

Seed-vessel. Capsule roundish, three-celled.

Seeds numerous, angulated, very small.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Helonias foliis lanceolatis, nervosis; bracteis cordato-lanceolatis.

Helonias with lance-shaped, nerved leaves; floral leaves between lance and heart-shaped.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

All the species of this genus, yet discovered, are natives of North America, and are considered as hardy herbaceous plants; the winters of this country not being too severe for them; although they are found as far south as Carolina, yet they are more plentiful in Pennsylvania, about Philadelphia. They flourish most in a shady, moist situation; and increase, freely, by parting the roots in the month of March. The flowers are produced in May, the flower-stem increasing in length, till the flowers are entirely decayed. The Helonias bullata has been an inhabitant of our gardens ever since the year 1758, when it was introduced by Mr. Ph. Miller, and cultivated by him at Chelsea. See Mill. ic. 181. t. 272.

Our drawing was made at the Nursery, Hammersmith, in June 1801.

ASPALATHUS CRASSIFOLIUS.

Thick-leaved Aspalathus.

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, semiquinquefidum; laciniis acuminatis, æqualibus, superiore longiore.

Corolla papillionacea.

Vexillum compressum, adscendens, obovatum, externe sæpius hirsutum, obtusum cum acumine.

Alæ lunulatæ, obtusæ, patulæ, vexillo breviores.

Carina bifida, alis conformis.

Stamina. Filamenta decem, connata in vaginam, superne dehiscentem longitudinaliter, adscendentia. Antheræ oblongæ.

Pistillum. Germen ovatum. Stylus simplex, adscendens. Stigma acutum.

Pericarpium. Legumen ovatum, muticum.

Semina sæpius duo, reniformia.

Obs. Singulare huic sunt folia ex eadem gemma plura in planta frutescente.

Empalement. Cup one leaf, half-five-cleft; segments tapered, equal, the upper one longer.

Blossom butterfly-shape.

Standard compressed, ascending, inversely egg-shaped, often hairy on the outside, obtuse with a point.

Wings half-moon-shaped, obtuse, spreading, shorter than the standard.

Keel two-cleft, like the wing.

Chives. Ten threads, united into a sheath, gaping longitudinally at top, ascending. Tips oblong.

Pointal. Seed-bud egg-shaped. Shaft simple, ascending. Summit pointed.

Seed vessel. Pod egg-shaped, beardless.

Seeds frequently two, kidney-shaped.

Obs. This genus is singular in having several leaves from the same bud, on a shrubby plant.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Aspalathus foliis fasciculatis, carnosis, teretibus, glabris, apicibus setaceis; floribus capitatis, terminalibus; calycibus bracteatis.

Aspalathus with leaves bundled, fleshy, cylindrical, smooth and bristled at the point; flowers grow in heads at the end of the branches; cups with floral leaves.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

From the number of specimens in the herbarium of G. Hibbert, Esq. which we should refer to this genus; it stands fair to rival, in number of species, every other, natives of the Cape of Good Hope; with the exception of Erica, Geranium, and Protea. This species has many varieties, and we are in doubt whether this is not one from the A. carnosa, or A. pinguis of Thunberg; for although, the cup, in the one, may differ, in having the segments described as pointed; and in the other, the leaves may be rather three-sided; yet, may our plant be no more than a slight variation from either of them: but this we cannot decide without living plants of each, for dried specimens would not determine the fact.

This plant was introduced to the Hibbertian Collection, in 1800, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape. It is a tender green-house plant, grows to the height of eighteen inches, very bushy, and covers itself with flowers about July; in which month, 1803, our drawing was taken. It has hitherto put the ability of Mr. Allen, which is not often the case, to a stand for a method to propagate it; but we have hopes, as most of the species do, that it will ripen its seeds in this country.

GERANIUM REVOLUTUM.

Reflex floral-leaved Geranium.

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Monogyna. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus; pentacoccus.

One Pointal. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns; five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis cordatis, obtusis, nervosis, sæpe auriculatis; pedunculis multifloris; involucris polyphyllis, foliolis revolutis; floribus pentandris; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with heart-shaped leaves, obtuse, nerved and often eared; flower-stems many-flowered; fence many-leaved, leaflets rolled back; flowers with five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This very fine Geranium is, as yet, only in the Clapham Collection; it has no properties, which regard its culture or propagation, differing from the rest of its congeners; was sent from the Cape, by Mr. Niven, in 1800. Flowers in July. The leaves of this species have most affinity, in appearance, to those of G. melananthum, particularly in being like them frequently eared, and even sometimes winged. We have named it, specifically, from the singular revolute character of the involucrum, at the base of each bunch of flowers.

LEEA PINNATA.

Winged-leaved Leea.

CLASS V. ORDER I.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium monophyllum, campanulatum, coriaceum, quinquedentatum, persistens.

Corolla monopetala; tubus longitudine calycis; limbus quinquefidus, æqualis; laciniis saccatis.

Nectarium basi interioris corollæ adnatum, corolla dimidio brevius, erectum, urceolatum, quinquefidum; lobis emarginatis.

Stamina. Filamenta quinque, inserta basi exteriori nectarii. Antheræ ovatæ, versatiles.

Pistillum. Germen subglobosum. Stylus simplex, nectario brevior. Stigma obtusum.

Pericarpium. Bacca orbiculata, depressa, quinquelocularis.

Semina quinque, solitaria.

Empalement. Cup one leaf, bell-shaped, leathery, five-toothed, remaining.

Blossom one petal; tube the length of the cup; border five-cleft, equal; segments bagged.

Honey-cup fixed to the base of the inside of the blossom, by the half shorter than the blossom, erect, pitcher-shaped, five-cleft; lobes notched at the end.

Chives. Five threads inserted into the outside of the base of the honey-cup. Tips egg-shaped, versatile.

Pointal. Seed-bud almost globular. Shaft simple, shorter than the honey-cup. Summit blunt.

Seed-vessel. Berry orbicular, flattened, five-celled.

Seeds five, solitary.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Leea foliis impari-pinnatis, oppositis; caule tereti, glabro; racemis angulatis, angulis undulatis.

Leea with winged leaves terminated by an odd one and opposite; stem round and smooth; branches angled; angles waved.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Leea and Aquilicia have, of late, been considered as not possessing sufficient essentially differing characters to constitute two genera, and Aquilicia has been lost in Leea. Our present subject is a species of the former Aquilicias, is mentioned by Gaertner, who says, it approaches A. sambucina, now Leea sambucina; to which indeed it has much resemblance, but differs in having opposite, not alternate branches, being scentless, having the leaves rather rough and the stem smooth. It is a native of the East Indies, requiring the tan-bed to make it flower; is half shrubby, and is increased by cuttings. Flowers in August. Our figure is from a specimen communicated to us by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. who raised it from seeds received from Dr. Roxburg, in 1801, under the name of Leea crispa: which is a native of Africa, and has been long in most of our collections of hot house plants, but is in the highest state of cultivation, under the care of Mr. Hoy, in that of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Sion House, near Brentford.

ARUM ORIXENSIS.

Orixian Cuckow-pint.

CLASS XX. ORDER XI.

GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA. Chives on the Pointal. Many Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Spatha monophylla, maxima, oblonga, basi convoluta, apice connivens, ventre compressa, interne colorata.

Spadix clavatus, simplicissimus, spatha paulo brevior, coloratus, inferne germinibus obvallatus, marcescens supra germina.

Corolla nulla.

Stamina. Filamenta nulla, nisi nectaria basi crassa, desinentia in cirros filiformes, duorum ordinum e medio spadice egredientes. Antheræ plurimæ, sessiles, tetragonæ, cirrhorum duplici ordine interjectæ, spadici adnatæ.

Pistilla. Germina plurima, basin spadicis vestientia, infra stamina collocata, obovata. Styli nulli. Stigmata villis barbata.

Pericarpia. Baccæ totidem, globosæ, uniloculares.

Semina plura, subrotunda.

Empalement. Sheath one leaf, very large, oblong, convolute at the base, converging at the top, the belly compressed, coloured within.

Sheathed-Fruit-stalk club shaped quite simple, a little shorter than the sheath, coloured, set round with seed-buds on the lower part, withering above the seed-buds.

Blossom none.

Chives. Threads none except the honey-cups, which are thick at the base and terminated in thread-shaped tendrils, issuing in two rows from the middle of the sheathed fruit-stalk. Tips many, sitting, four sided, fixed to the fruit-stalk, and disposed between the two rows of tendrils.

Pointals. Seed-buds many, cloathing the base of the fruit-stalk, set below the chives, inversely egg-shaped. Shafts none. Summits bearded with soft hairs.

Seed-vessels. As many berries, globular, and one-celled.

Seeds. Many, roundish.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Arum, acule; foliis ternatis, venosis, discoloribus; spatha declinata; flore atro-purpureo.

Cuckow-pint, stemless; leaves threefold, full of veins, two-coloured; sheath bent downward; flower of a deep purple.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This pretty plant is a native of the East Indies, in that country from which it derives its specific title. It has much affinity with many others of the Genus, which at first sight appear rather as varieties, than meriting to be treated as species; but, in this instance, we submit our judgment to that of Dr. Roxburg, by whom it has been introduced to us under the name it here bears, in the year 1802. Our figure was taken, in the month of October 1803, from a plant in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore. The flower is scentless.

ARCTOTIS PARADOXA.

Chamomile-leaved Arctotis.

CLASS XIX. ORDER IV.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA. Tips united. Necessary Pointals.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx communis subrotundus, imbricatus; squamis inferioribus laxioribus, subulatis; mediis ovatis; intimis oblongis; apice scarioso, rotundato, concavo.

Corolla composita radiata; corollulæ hermaphroditæ plurimæ in disco. Femininæ ligulatæ, fere viginti, disci diametro longiores.

Propria hermaphroditis infundibuliformis; limbo quinquefido, apicibus reflexis, æqualibus.

Femineis ligulata, lanceolata, tenuissime tridentata, tubo brevissimo.

Stamina hermaphroditis; filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevissima. Anthera cylindracea, quinquedentata, longitudine corollulæ.

Pistillum Hermaphroditis; germen vix manifestum. Stylus cylindraceus, corolla paulo longior. Stigma simplex.

Femineis germen ovato-tetragonum, villosum, coronatum calyculo proprio. Stylus filiformis. Stigmata duo, ovata-oblonga, crassiuscula, erecta.

Pericarpium nullum. Calyx immutatus. Semina Hermaphroditis nulla.

Femineis solitaria, subrotunda, villosa. Pappus perianthium proprium pentaphyllum; foliolis ovatis, patentibus, coronatus perianthii proprii foliolis ovatis in orbem positis.

Receptaculum pilosum seu paleaceum, planiusculum.

Empalement common roundish, tiled; lower scales more loose, awl shaped; middle ones egg-shaped; innermost oblong; harsh, rounded, concave at the point.

Blossom compound raied; hermaphrodite florets numerous in the center. Of the Females tongue-shaped, nearly twenty, longer than the diameter of the center.

Proper of the hermaphrodites funnel-shaped; border five-cleft, ends reflexed, equal.

Of the Females tongue-shaped, lance-shaped, slightly three-toothed; tube very short.

Chives of the Hermaphrodites; five threads hair-like, very short. Tip cylindric five-toothed, the length of the floret.

Pointal of the Hermaphrodites; seed-bud scarce visible. Shaft cylindric, a little longer than the blossom. Summit simple.

Of the Females seed-bud egg-shaped four-cornered, hairy, crowned by its proper cup. Shaft thread-shaped. Summits two, oblong-egg-shaped, thickish, upright.

Seed-vessel none. Empalement unchanged. Seeds in the Hermaphrodites none.

In the Females solitary roundish, hairy. Feather, proper cup five leaved; leaflets, egg-shaped, spreading, crowned by the proper cup with the leaflets placed in a round.

Receptacle hairy or chaffy, flattish.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Arctotis flosculis radiantibus sterilibus; paleis disco longioribus coloratis; foliis bipinnatis, linearibus.

Arctotis with the florets of the circumference sterile; chaffs coloured and longer than the florets of the center; leaves doubly winged; linear.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Of all the plants, numerous as they are, composing this natural Class, we know of no one, the Virgilia (a native of Peru, and introduced to us from the Paris gardens by Mons. Thoin, about twenty years ago, but since lost to Europe,) excepted, which can rival our present subject. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and is said, in the Kew Catalogue, to have been introduced to that collection, in 1774, by Mr. Masson. Whether this is the A. paradoxa of Linn. Sp. 1307. Vol. II, we are not certain, as the chaff, dividing the florets, is there described as of nearly the length of the ray, giving the flower an appearance of doubleness, and is there likewise marked as an annual. But, there is little doubt of its being the plant intended in the Kew Catalogue, under our title; it is there made biennial, which is its true character, as it does not flower the first year from seeds. It may be propagated by cuttings of the first year’s growth; delights in a light sandy loam, and flowers in July or August. Our drawing was made in 1802, from a plant in the Hibertian Collection; which had been raised from seeds, sent the preceding year, from the Cape, by Mr. Niven.

AMARYLLIS BRASILIENSIS.

Brasilian Lily-Daffodil.

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

Corolla 6-petala, campanulata, Stigma trifidum.

Blossom 6-petalled, bell-shaped. Summit three-cleft.

See Amaryllis radiata, Pl. XCV. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Amaryllis, spatha bi-seu-triflora; petalis ovato-acuminatis, æqualibus, costatis, ad basin albidis, patentibus; genitalibus declinatis; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis.

Lily-Daffodil, sheath two or three flowered; petals egg-shape tapered, equal, ribbed, white at the base and spreading; parts of fructification bent downwards; leaves linear-lance-shaped, pointed.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This fine Lily, from the Brazils, can scarcely be thought more than a variety of A. Reginæ; to which plant, both this, and the A. equestris of Mr. Curtis, may be referred without much flexion of the original species. We have, however, preserved the title under which it has been known since its introduction; which was, in the year 1798, by the late Marchioness of Bute, from Spain. Our drawing was taken from a plant in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, in the month of October, 1803. It has all the merits of the most easily cultivated species of the genus; increasing freely by the bulb, growing with luxuriance in almost any earth, and requiring but little heat to make it flower.

TAGETES LUCIDA.

Sweet Chili Marygold.

CLASS XIX. ORDER II.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx communis simplicissimus, monophyllus, tubulosus, oblongus, pentagonus, quinquedentatus.

Corolla composita radiata; corollulæ hermaphroditæ tubulosæ, plures in disco elevato; femineæ ligulatæ quinque in radio.

Propria hermaphroditis tubulosa, semiquinquefida, erecta, calyce longior; laciniis linearibus, introrsum villosis.

Femineis ligulata, hermaphrodites longior, longitudine et latitudine fere æqualis, obtusissima, versus tubum angustior, tomentosa persistens.

Stamina Hermaphroditis; filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevissima. Anthera cylindracea, tubulosa.

Pistillum Hermaphroditis; Germen oblongum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine staminum. Stigma bifidum, tenue, reflexum.

Femineis; germen oblongum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine hermaphroditis. Stigma bifidum, tenue, reflexum.

Pericarpium nullum. Calyx immutatus.

Semina Hermaphroditis solitaria, linearia, compressa, calyce paulo breviora. Pappus aristis quinque, erectis, acuminatis, inæqualibus.

Femineis similima hermaphrodites.

Receptaculum nudum, planum.

Empalement common, quite simple, one leaf, tubular, oblong, five-sided, five-toothed.

Blossom, compound raised; hermaphrodite florets tubular, numerous in an elevated center; females tongue-shaped five in the circumference.

Proper of the Hermaphrodites, tubular, half five-cleft, upright, longer than the cup; segments linear, hairy within.

Of the Females tongue-shaped longer than the hermaphrodites, of nearly the same length and breadth, very blunt, narrower towards the tube, downy, remaining.

Chives of the Hermaphrodites; five threads, hair-like, very short. Tip cylindric, tubular.

Pointal of the Hermaphrodites; seed-bud oblong. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summit two-cleft, slender, reflexed.

Of the Females; seed-bud oblong. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the hermaphrodite. Summit two-cleft, slender, reflexed.

Seed-vessel none. Cup unchanged.

Seeds of the Hermaphrodites solitary, linear, flat, a little shorter than the cup. Feather five awns, upright, tapered, unequal.

Of the Females like the hermaphrodites.

Receptacle naked, flat.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Tagetes caule herbaceo, erecto, floribus cymosis, parvis, luteis, odoratissimis.

Marygold with an upright, herbaceous stem; flowers in tufts, small, yellow, and very sweet scented.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

This plant is a native of Chili, South America, and was sent to England by Dr. Ortega, from the Royal Gardens, Madrid, to the late Marchioness of Bute; who first raised it from seeds in the year 1798. It is perfectly herbaceous, but will flower the first year from the seed; will endure moderate frost, and may be considered as a hardy herbaceous plant. Is increased either by seeds, or by parting the roots; delights in a moderately stiff soil; flowering from July till November. If kept in a pot, the flowers, which are very fragrant, will continue in succession through the whole winter.

Tagetes minuta of Linnæus’s Sp. Plant. Vol. II. p. 1250, quoted from his Hortus Cliffortianus, and Dillenius’s Hortus Elthamensis, seems much affined to this plant; but, as that is annual, this cannot be considered as a variety of it.

Our drawing was taken at the Hammersmith Nursery.

RENEALMIA NUTANS.

Drooping-flowered Renealmia.

CLASS I. ORDER I.

MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. One Chive. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Calyx. Perianthium superum, monophyllum, apice rumpens in duo seu tres dentes irregulares.

Corolla monopetala. Tubus rectus, cylindricus; limbus trifidus; laciniis duabus superioribus oblongis, rotundatis, æqualibus; inferiore superioribus vix longiore, canaliculata, oblonga.

Nectarium tubo corrollæ adnatum, sub laciniis superioribus adscendens, rectum, longitudine corollæ, oblongum, basi utrinque unidentatum, tum sinu excavate, apice dilatatum et obtuse trilobatum.

Stamen. Filamentum nullum. Anthera unica, fauci tubi inserta, in sinu laciniæ inferioris corollæ, nectario opposita, libera, recta, linearis, emarginata, interius sulco exarata, longitudine et latitudine laciniæ corollæ.

Pistillum. Germen inferum, oblongum, obsolete triquetrum, glabrum. Stylus filiformis, glaberrimus, erectus, longitudine corollæ. Stigma peltatum; capitulo plano; latere ad nectarium vergente truncato, perforato, foramine in stylum decurrente.

Pericarpium. Bacca oblonga, trisulca, teres, glabra, umbilico terminata; carnosa, in medio trilocularis. Loculamenta mollia, membranacea.

Semina plurima, oblonga, truncata, tetragona, glaberrima.

Empalement. Cup above, one-leafed, breaking open into two or three irregular teeth.

Blossom on petal. Tube straight, cylindrical; border three-cleft; the two upper segments oblong, rounded, equal; the lower one, scarcely longer than the upper ones, channelled, oblong.

Honey cup fixed to the tube of the blossom, ascending beneath the upper segment straight the length of the blossom, oblong one-toothed on each side of the base, then with a hollow bosom widening at the end and obtusely three-lobed.

Chive. Thread, none. Tip one inserted into the throat of the tube, in the bosom of the lower segment of the blossom, opposite to the honey-cup, free, straight, linear, notched at the end, grooved on the inside, of the same length and breadth as the segment of the blossom.

Pointal. Seed-bud beneath, oblong, obscurely three sided, smooth. Shaft thread-shaped, very smooth, upright the length of the blossom. Summit shield-shaped; with a flat head, the side fronting the honey-cup appearing cut off, perforated by a hole running into the shaft.

Seed vessel. Berry oblong, three-furrowed, cylindrical, smooth, terminated by a navel, fleshy in the middle, three-celled. Cells soft, skinny.

Seeds numerous, oblong, appearing cutoff, four-cornered, very smooth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Renealmia foliis vaginantibus; floribus racemosis terminalibus pendulis; fructu piloso.

Renealmia with sheathing leaves; flowers in bunches terminating the branches, hanging down, fruit hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

Amongst the numerous new plants introduced from China by the late Mr. Slater, of Laytonstone, in the year 1793, this is certainly to be considered as amongst the most beautiful. The only drawback to its general merit, as a hot-house plant, is the great height to which it might attain before it flowers; being in common fourteen or fifteen feet. It propagates by offsets, and is kept with little trouble; as it will flourish in almost any soil, and will flower, if set in any part of the hot-house, so as not to interrupt its growth, the blossoms being produced only from the summit. Although with us the stem is permanent, as with some others of the same natural habit, yet it cannot, we think, with propriety be considered as either a tree or shrub, but rather herbaceous. Some contention, at first, arose whether this plant should be referred to the present Genus; which was formed, by the younger Linnæus, from a plant a native of Surinam, S. America, some of the parts not exactly corresponding, especially the fruit; we have nevertheless made no scruple in placing it to that Genus, with which, upon an inspection of the dissections, it will be found very well to accord. Our figure was taken from a plant which flowers, annually, in the month of July, in the Collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore.