Ten Great Religions

About this eBook

Author

Clarke, James Freeman, 1810-1888

Title

Ten Great Religions: An Essay in Comparative Theology

Credits

Produced by PG Distributed Proofreaders

Language

English

LoC Class

BL: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion: Religion: General, Miscellaneous and Atheism

Subject

Religions

Category

Text

eBook-No.

14674

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14674

Release Date

January 12, 2005

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Ten Great Religions — An Essay in Comparative Theology — James Freeman Clarke — Preface. — Contents. — Ten Great Religions.
2. 2.Chapter I. — Introduction.—Ethnic and Catholic Religions. — § 1. Object of the present Work. — § 2. Comparative Theology; its Nature, Value, and present Position. — § 3. Ethnic Religions. Injustice often done to them by Christian Apologists. — § 4. How Ethnic Religions were regarded by Christ and his Apostles. — § 5. Comparative Theology will furnish a new Class of Evidences in Support of Christianity. — § 6. It will show that, while most of the Religions of the World are Ethnic, or the Religions of Races, Christianity is Catholic, or adapted to become the Religion of all Races. — § 7. Comparative Theology will probably show that the Ethnic Religions are one-sided, each containing a Truth of its own, but being defective, wanting some corresponding Truth. Christianity, or the Catholic Religion, is complete on every Side. — § 8. Comparative Theology will probably show that Ethnic Religions are arrested, or degenerate, and will come to an End, while the Catholic Religion is capable of a progressive Development.
3. 3.Chapter II. — Confucius and the Chinese, or the Prose of Asia. — § 1. Peculiarities of Chinese Civilization. — § 2. Chinese Government based on Education. Civil-Service Examinations. — § 3. Life and Character of Confucius. — § 4. Philosophy and subsequent Development of Confucianism. — § 5. Lao-tse and Tao-ism. — § 6. Religious Character of the "Kings." — § 7. Confucius and Christianity. Character of the Chinese. — § 8. The Tae-ping Insurrection. — Note.
4. 4.Chapter III. — Brahmanism. — § 1. Our Knowledge of Brahmanism. Sir William Jones. — § 2. Difficulty of this Study. The Complexity of the System. The Hindoos have no History. Their Ultra-Spiritualism. — § 3. Helps from Comparative Philology. The Aryans in Central Asia. — § 4. The Aryans in India. The Native Races. The Vedic Age. Theology of the Vedas. — § 5. Second Period. Laws of Manu. The Brahmanic Age. — § 6. The Three Hindoo Systems of Philosophy,—Sánkhya, Vedanta, and Nyasa. — § 7. Origin of the Hindoo Triad. — § 8. The Epics, the Puranas, and modern Hindoo Worship. — § 9. Relation of Brahmanism to Christianity.
5. 5.Chapter IV. — Buddhism, or the Protestantism of the East. — § 1. Buddhism, in its Forms, resembles Romanism; in its Spirit, Protestantism. — § 2. Extent of Buddhism. Its Scriptures. — § 3. Sakya-muni, the Founder of Buddhism. — § 4. Leading Doctrines of Buddhism. — § 5. The Spirit of Buddhism Rational and Humane. — § 6. Buddhism as a Religion. — § 7. Karma and Nirvana. — § 8. Good and Evil of Buddhism. — § 9. Relation of Buddhism to Christianity.
6. 6.Chapter V. — Zoroaster and the Zend Avesta. — § 1. Ruins of the Palace of Xerxes at Persepolis. — § 2. Greek Accounts of Zoroaster. Plutarch's Description of his Religion. — § 3. Anquetil du Perron and his Discovery of the Zend Avesta. — § 4. Epoch of Zoroaster. What do we know of him? — § 5. Spirit of Zoroaster and of his Religion — § 6. Character of the Zend Avesta. — § 7. Later Development of the System in the Bundehesch. — § 8. Relation of the Religion of the Zend Avesta to that of the Vedas. — § 9. Is Monotheism or pure Dualism the Doctrine of the Zend Avesta? — § 10. Relation of this System to Christianity. The Kingdom of Heaven.
7. 7.Chapter VI. — The Gods of Egypt. — § 1. Antiquity and Extent of Egyptian Civilization. — § 2. Religious Character of the Egyptians. Their Ritual. — § 3. Theology of Egypt. Sources of our Knowledge concerning it. — § 4. Central Idea of Egyptian Theology and Religion. Animal Worship. — § 5. Sources of Egyptian Theology. Age of the Empire and Affinities of the Race. — § 6. The Three Orders of Gods. — § 7. Influence of Egypt on Judaism and Christianity.
8. 8.Chapter VII. — The Gods of Greece. — § 1. The Land and the Race. — § 2. Idea and General Character of Greek Religion. — § 3. The Gods of Greece before Homer. — § 4. The Gods of the Poets. — § 5. The Gods of the Artists. — § 6. The Gods of the Philosophers. — § 7. The Worship of Greece. — § 8. The Mysteries. Orphism. — § 9. Relation of Greek Religion to Christianity.
9. 9.Chapter VIII. — The Religion of Rome. — § 1. Origin and essential Character of the Religion of Rome. — § 2. The Gods of Rome. — § 3. Worship and Ritual. — § 4. The Decay of the Roman Religion. — § 5. Relation of the Roman Religion to Christianity.
10. 10.Chapter IX. — The Teutonic and Scandinavian Religion. — § 1. The Land and the Race. — § 2. Idea of the Scandinavian Religion. — § 3. The Eddas and their Contents. — § 4. The Gods of Scandinavia. — § 5. Resemblance of the Scandinavian Mythology to that of Zoroaster. — § 6. Scandinavian Worship. — § 7. Social Character, Maritime Discoveries, and Political Institutions of the Scandinavians. — § 8. Relation of this System to Christianity.
11. 11.Chapter X. — The Jewish Religion. — § 1. Palestine, and the Semitic Races. — § 2. Abraham; or, Judaism as the family Worship of a Supreme Being. — § 3. Moses; or, Judaism as the national Worship of a just and holy King. — § 4. David; or, Judaism as the personal Worship of a Father and friend. — § 5. Solomon; or, the Religious Relapse. — Proverbs Having a Semi-christian Character. — Proverbs Showing Shrewdness of Observation. — Proverbs Wittily Expressed. — § 6. The Prophets; or, Judaism as the Hope of a spiritual and universal Kingdom of God. — § 7. Judaism as a Preparation for Christianity.
12. 12.Chapter XI. — Mohammed and Islam. — § 1. Recent Works on the Life of Mohammed. — § 2. The Arabs and Arabia. — § 3. Early Life of Mohammed, to the Hegira. — § 4. Change in the Character of Mohammed after the Hegira. — § 5. Religious Doctrines and Practices among the Mohammedans. — § 6. The Criticism of Mr. Palgrave on Mohammedan Theology. — § 7. Mohammedanism a Relapse; the worst Form of Monotheism, and a retarding Element in Civilization. — Note to the Chapter on Mohammed.
13. 13.Chapter XII. — The Ten Religions and Christianity. — § 1. General Results of this Survey. — § 2. Christianity a Pleroma, or Fulness of Life. — § 3. Christianity, as a Pleroma, compared with Brahmanism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. — § 4. Christianity compared with the Avesta and the Eddas. The Duad in all Religions. — § 5. Christianity and the Religions of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. — § 6. Christianity in Relation to Judaism and Mohammedanism. The Monad in all Religions. — § 7. The Fulness of Christianity is derived from the Life of Jesus. — § 8. Christianity as a Religion of Progress and of Universal Unity. — Index of the Principal Authors Consulted in the Preparation of this Work. — Index of Subjects Treated in this Work. — A. — B. — C. — D. — E. — F. — G. — H. — I. — J. — K. — L. — M. — N. — O. — P. — R. — S. — T. — U. — V. — W. — Z. — The End. — Footnotes

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