Soils

About this eBook

Author

Hilgard, Eugene W. (Eugene Woldemar), 1833-1916

Title

Soils, their formation, properties, composition, and relations to climate and plant growth in the humid and arid regions

Original Publication

New York: The MacMillan Company, 1906, pubdate 1921.

Credits

Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)

Language

English

LoC Class

S: Agriculture

Subject

Soils

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 73975

Release Date

July 5, 2024

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Untitled
2. 2.SOILS
3. 3.Untitled
4. 4.Untitled
5. 5.PREFACE.
6. 6.INTRODUCTION.
7. 7.PART I. THE ORIGIN AND FORMATION OF SOILS. — CHAPTER I. THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES OF SOIL FORMATION. — CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS.
8. 8.CHAPTER II. THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF SOIL FORMATION. — Chemical Disintegration, or Decomposition. — Action of Plants and their Remnants in Soil Formation. — INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL ON SOIL FORMATION; LEACHING OF THE LAND.
9. 9.CHAPTER III. THE MAJOR SOIL-FORMING MINERALS. — SILICATE MINERALS. — CALCITE AND LIMESTONES.
10. 10.CHAPTER IV. THE VARIOUS ROCKS AS SOIL-FORMERS. — GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS. — Generalities regarding the Soils derived from various Rocks. — “Colloidal” Clay. [17]
11. 11.CHAPTER V. THE MINOR MINERALINGREDIENTS OF SOILS; MINERAL FERTILIZERS; MINERALS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE. — (A.) MINERALS USED AS FERTILIZERS. — (B.) MINERALS UNESSENTIAL OR INJURIOUS TO SOILS.
12. 12.PART SECOND. PHYSICS OF SOILS. — CHAPTER VI. PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SOILS. — Clay as a Soil Ingredient. — Rock Powder; Sand, Silt and Dust. — WEATHERING IN HUMID AND ARID REGIONS. — PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF SOILS.
13. 13.CHAPTER VII. THE DENSITY AND VOLUME-WEIGHT OF SOILS.
14. 14.CHAPTER VIII. SOIL AND SUBSOIL. — CAUSES AND PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION. HUMUS. — THE ORGANIC AND ORGANIZED CONSTITUENTS OF SOILS.
15. 15.CHAPTER IX. SOIL AND SUBSOIL ( Continued ). — MICRO-ORGANISMS OF THE SOIL. — DISTRIBUTION OF THE HUMUS WITHIN THE SURFACE SOIL.
16. 16.CHAPTER X. SOIL AND SUBSOIL ( Continued )
17. 17.CHAPTER XI. THE WATER OF SOILS. — HYGROSCOPIC WATER. — Capillary Water.
18. 18.CHAPTER XII. THE WATER OF SOILS.— Continued. — SURFACE, HYDROSTATIC AND GROUND WATER; PERCOLATION. — ABSORPTION AND MOVEMENTS OF WATER IN SOILS.
19. 19.CHAPTER XIII. WATER OF SOILS ( Continued ). — METHODS OF IRRIGATION. [89] — QUALITY OF THE IRRIGATION WATER. — EVAPORATION. — EVAPORATION THROUGH THE ROOTS AND LEAVES OF PLANTS. — DISTRIBUTION OF MOISTURE IN THE SOIL AS AFFECTED BY VEGETATION.
20. 20.CHAPTER XIV. ABSORPTION BY SOILS OF SOLIDS FROM SOLUTIONS. ABSORPTION OF GASES. AIR OF THE SOILS. — ABSORPTION OF SOLIDS FROM THEIR SOLUTIONS. — ABSORPTION, OR CONDENSATION, OF GASES BY SOILS. — THE COMPOSITION OF GASES ABSORBED FROM THE ATMOSPHERE BY VARIOUS SOLIDS. — THE AIR OF SOILS.
21. 21.CHAPTER XV. THE COLORS OF SOILS.
22. 22.CHAPTER XVI. CLIMATE. — TEMPERATURE. — RAINFALL. — WINDS. — INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY.
23. 23.CHAPTER XVII. RELATIONS OF SOILS AND PLANT GROWTH TO HEAT.
24. 24.PART THIRD. CHEMISTRY OF SOILS.
25. 25.CHAPTER XVIII. THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOILS IN RELATION TO CROP PRODUCTION. — HISTORICAL REVIEW OF SOIL INVESTIGATION. — Change of Views. — PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF PLANT GROWTH. — THE SOLVENT ACTION OF WATER UPON SOILS. — ASCERTAINMENT OF THE IMMEDIATE PLANT-FOOD REQUIREMENTS OF CULTIVATED SOILS BY PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS. PHYSIOLOGICAL SOIL-ANALYSIS. — CHEMICAL TESTS OF IMMEDIATE PRODUCTIVENESS.
26. 26.CHAPTER XIX. THE ANALYSIS OF VIRGIN SOILS BY EXTRACTION WITH STRONG ACIDS. — LIMITS OF ADEQUACY OF THE SEVERAL PLANT-FOODS IN VIRGIN SOILS. — INFLUENCE OF LIME UPON SOIL FERTILITY.
27. 27.CHAPTER XX. SOILS OF THE ARID AND HUMID [125] REGIONS. — DISCUSSION OF THE TABLE. — The “Insoluble Residue.” — Insoluble and Soluble Silica and Alumina.
28. 28.CHAPTER XXI. SOILS OF ARID AND HUMID REGIONS ( Continued ). — SOILS OF THE TROPICS. — SOILS OF SAMOA AND KAMERUN. — THE SOILS OF MADAGASCAR. — THE SOILS OF INDIA. — INFLUENCE OF ARIDITY UPON CIVILIZATION.
29. 29.CHAPTER XXII. ALKALI SOILS. — COMPOSITION AND QUANTITY OF ALKALI SALTS.
30. 30.CHAPTER XXIII. UTILIZATION AND RECLAMATION OF ALKALI LANDS. — TOLERANCE OF VARIOUS CROP PLANTS. — Saltbushes, and Herbaceous Crops. — Tolerance of Shrubs and Trees. — Deciduous Orchard Trees. — Timber and Shade Trees. — INDUCEMENTS TOWARD THE RECLAMATION OF ALKALI LANDS.
31. 31.PART FOURTH. SOILS AND NATIVE VEGETATION. — CHAPTER XXIV. THE RECOGNITION OF CHARACTER OF SOILS FROM THEIR NATIVE VEGETATION; MISSISSIPPI. [183] — NATURAL VEGETATION THE BASIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND VALUES IN THE UNITED STATES. [184] — INVESTIGATION OF CAUSES GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE VEGETATION. — VEGETATIVE BELTS IN NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI. — SOIL BELTS IN SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI. — DIFFERENCES IN THE FORM AND DEVELOPMENT OF TREES. [188]
32. 32.CHAPTER XXV. RECOGNITION OF THE CHARACTER OF SOILS FROM THEIR NATIVE VEGETATION. UNITED STATES AT LARGE. EUROPE. — EUROPEAN OBSERVATIONS AND VIEWS ON PLANT DISTRIBUTION AND ITS CONTROLLING CAUSES. — Calciphile, Calcifuge and Silicophile plants.
33. 33.CHAPTER XXVI. THE VEGETATION OF SALINE AND ALKALI LANDS. — THE VEGETATION OF ALKALI LANDS. — RECLAIMABLE AND IRRECLAIMABLE ALKALI LANDS AS DISTINGUISHED BY THEIR NATURAL VEGETATION.
34. 34.APPENDICES.
35. 35.APPENDIX A.
36. 36.APPENDIX B.
37. 37.APPENDIX C.
38. 38.INDEX.
39. 39.AUTHORS REFERRED TO.
40. 40.Untitled

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