Angelus, Johann—1624-1677—whose
real name was Scheffler, native of Breslau,
physician in ordinary to the Emperor Ferdinand
the Third. In the year 1653 he resigned this post,
went over to the Romish Church, and became a
priest, having previously, by a singular fancy,
assumed the name of Angelus.
Arndt, Ernst Moritz—born in Pomerania; in
1806 professor of philosophy at Greifswald, in
1816 professor of history at Bonn. From having
been a writer of popular songs, he became a writer
of sacred ones. The hymn ‘Geht nun hin und
grabt mein Grab,’ here selected, must be reckoned
one of the greatest gems of sacred poetry of the
century.
Brunswick, Anton Ulrich, Duke of—1633-1714—pupil
of the learned Schottelius; a learned
prince, who was a popular writer of his time.
Bürde, Samuel Gottlieb—1763-?—native of
Breslau, royal secretary to the board of finances
at that place.
Dach, Simon—1605-1659—a Prussian, born at
Memel, professor of poetry at Königsberg.
Denicke, David—1603-1680—a Saxon, native of
Zittau, a member of the Consistory at Hanover.
Edeling, Christian Ludwig, a Saxon, native
of Löbegün, in Saalkreis, tutor to Count Zinzendorf,
afterwards a clergyman at Schwanebeck,
near Halberstadt, where he died in 1742.
Fouqué, Friedrich Freiherr, de la Motte,
born, in 1777, at Neubrandenberg. He is still
living at Berlin, the worthy and distinguished
descendant of the brave, intellectual, and pious
general of Frederick the Great; he has given a
beautiful and lasting memorial of his poetical
spirit, and his Christian mind, in the hymn ‘Was
du vor tausend Jahren.’
Freylinghausen, Johann Anastasius—1670-1739—born
at Gandersheim, in Wolfenbüttel; a
clergyman, and director of the Orphan Asylum
at Halle.
Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott—1715-1769—a
Saxon, native of Haynichen, in Erzgebirge,
and son of the minister of that place. He studied
theology, in distressed circumstances, at Leipzig,
but his bad health did not allow him to preach.
He lived at Leipzig, and gave lectures (first as
a master of arts and afterwards as extraordinary
professor) on eloquence and moral philosophy, and
gained as universally the reputation of an author
and a pattern of pure taste, as he did love and
esteem as a man and a Christian, by his integrity
of conduct, and his unaffected piety and humility.
Composing hymns was his favourite employment,
in which, together with prayer, he spent the happiest
hours of his life of suffering. All his hymns
speak the simple Christian poet of the people, and
many of them have lasting classic merit. His
death, as was his life, was worthy of a Christian.
When, in his last illness, his friends told him, in
answer to his question, that the struggle between
life and death might probably last an hour, he
lifted up his hands with a cheerful countenance,
exclaimed, “Now, God be praised, only an hour!”
turned on his side, his eyes gleaming with joy, and
gently breathed his last.
Gerhard, Paul—1606-1676—native of Gräfenhaynichen,
in the circle of the Electorate; a zealous
preacher of the gospel, and a devout Christian.
That personality of expression which stamps
his hymns, represents most completely the character
of the German people; profound and cheerful,
firm and full of repose; for which reason his
hymns are the most popular. If the Church had
to select only one psalmist, it must be Paul Gerhard,
whose hymns are so numerous, that they
would almost alone form a hymn-book.
Heermann, Johann—1585-1647—a native of
Silesia, born at Rauden, the son of a furrier, early
destined for the Church by his pious mother. He
was minister at Koban, in Fürstenthum Glogau,
but his bad health obliged him to resign his appointment,
and he spent the last thirteen years of
his life at Lissa. Being much tried during the
horrors of the thirty years’ war, in which he several
times almost miraculously escaped being
murdered, his mind became more spiritually enlightened
through his bodily sufferings, in the
midst of which he wrote the greater number of
his hymns, which are a true picture of his pious,
humble, and prayerful soul. He dedicated them
‘Seinen lieben Kindern’ (to his dear children).
Hermann, Nicolaus, called the pious old
‘Cantor’[2]
of Joachimsthal (in Voigtland), a devout
writer of hymns. He was the intimate friend of
the pious minister of Joachimsthal, Matthesius,
whose sermons often inspired him with a hymn
on the same text. He died in 1561, at a very
advanced age.
[2]Cantor is, in some parts of Germany, a title
given to the village schoolmaster, who, as parish clerk,
leads the singing in church.
Lange, Ernst—1650-1727—of Dantzic, member
of the town-council of that place. His hymns
appeared in 1701.
Lavater, Johann Caspar—1741-1801—minister
in his native town, Zuric, who, with many infirmities
and peculiarities, was an active and sincere
Christian, and a talented orator, writer, and sacred
poet. He died, after having performed the
most blessed actions, and having been tried with
many afflictions, which he bore with piety and
constancy, in consequence of a fatal shot, which
a French soldier maliciously aimed at him, after
the storming of Zuric in 1799, as he was consoling
and administering to the wants of the sufferers,
in the streets. His hymns are numerous, and
have been repeatedly printed.
Liebich, Ehrenfried—1713-1780—born at
Liegnitzischen, minister at Jauerschen, who wrote
two hundred and thirty-six hymns. They are
very beautiful, and resemble those of Schmolck,
but have not his peculiar vigour.
Löwe, Johann Friedrich—1729-1771—native
of Clausthal, on the Harz; a poet and a learned
jurist, who lived at Hamburg; his hymns, which
resemble those of Gellert, were published in 1770.
Luther, Doctor Martin—1483-1546—the great
instrument of God, father and master of the art
of hymn-writing, and of German poetry. ‘Ach
Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein,’ here selected, is
a free paraphrase of the 12th Psalm, a call of the
Church, founded on God’s word, for aid and protection
against those who despised and corrupted
it, written in 1523.
Müller, Michael—1673-1704—native of Blankenberg,
who lived at Wirtemburg.
Neander, Joachim—1610-1680—latterly minister
of his native town, Bremen, previous to which
he was a professor at Düsseldorf, where his love for
the Lord Jesus, and his preaching vital Christianity
raised persecution against him. He is the first
writer of hymns of any importance of the reformed
Church, and may be called the psalmist of the
New Covenant, as his sacred songs are entitled,
‘Bundeslieder’ (Songs of the Covenant). Like
David and Luther, he was great in the composition
of tunes as well as words.
Neumann, Gottfried—1740-1815—a friend of
“the community of Brethren,” who was living in
1778, at Meerholz.
Neuss, Heinrich Georg—1664-1716—native of Elbingerode,
superintendent[3]
at Wernigerode. He published one hundred and thirty-four hymns
in his ‘Hebopfer,’ (heave-offering).
[3]That is, in the Lutheran Church, one who has
the ecclesiastical direction of a certain district.
Olearius, Johann—whose real name was
Oelschläger—1611-1684—of
Halle, chaplain to the
king and superintendent-general at Weissenfels, a
learned theologian. His numerous hymns stamp
him as the Gellert of his time. With true scriptural
singleness of heart, an ardent Christian mind,
and great abilities, he endeavoured to restore the
sublime simplicity of the church-hymns, and to
put fresh vigour into their style. This gave him,
as it did Gellert eighty-six years later, a great influence
over the hymn-books, in which many of
his writings were soon adopted.
Oswald, Heinrich Siegmund—who published
in 1793, “Gedichte und Lieder fürs Herz,” which
shew a beautiful Christian mind; he was still
living in Breslau, as king’s privy counsellor, in
1827. From the “Schwanen-lieder,” (swan’s
songs) of this venerable old man, is taken “Wem
in Leidenstagen.”
Rist, Johann—1607-1667—of the province of
Holstein, born at Ottensen, near Altona, member
of the ecclesiastical council and minister at Wedel;
one of the most celebrated and influential poets of
his time. He was, in the pulpit, as well as in
sacred poetry, a zealous preacher of Christianity,
and was consequently attacked by the zealots of
his time, because he did not preach enough upon
matters in dispute, and against erroneous doctrine.
To this he replied, that, “In his parish there were
scarcely two persons who held erroneous doctrine,
but there were many who led sinful lives.”
He had great trials in his youth, and in his later
years he suffered from pillage, pestilence, and all
the horrors of war. “The blessed cross,” he says,
“has produced from me many hymns.” Though
a great number of his hymns were adopted by
many churches even during his life-time, he would
never suffer them to be sung in his own church,
with the exception of a Christmas hymn, which,
on one occasion, he allowed the children of the
school to practise, and to begin to sing on that
festival, “wenn das Volk aus der Kirche zu
gehen beginnt,” as the people were beginning to
go out of church.
Ritter, Jacob—1627-1669—a native of Magdeburg,
and a secretary at Halle.
Sacer, Gottfried Wilhelm—1635-1699—a native
of Naumburg, who was at his death an advocate
and privy-counsellor at Wolfenbüttel, distinguished
in his official duties by a strict conscientiousness,
and the most unbounded benevolence.
He wrote the greater number of his hymns whilst
a student at the university of Greifswald. Only
a part of them appeared during his life-time: they
were collected and published in 1714, and immediately
procured him the reputation of a distinguished
poet.
Schenk, Theodor—born at Alsfeld, died in
1727 whilst minister of the town of Giessen.
Schiebeler, Daniel—1741-1771—an advocate
and a poet, who resided in his native city, Hamburg.
Schmolck, Benjamin—1672-1737—a Silesian,
born at Brauchitschdorf, minister at Schweidnitz;
a man of great piety, and very influential in his
day. Most of his hymns (and they were above
a thousand in number) are distinguished by a
truly poetical and peculiar genius. Their characteristic
is a simplicity and sincerity, which emulates
that of Paul Gerhard, but without his sublimity.
Schröder, Johann Heinrich—native of Calenberg;
in 1696 he was minister at Magdeburg.
Stark, Johann Friedrich—1680-1756—born at
Hildesheim, a member of the Consistory at Frankfort.
His hymns are very numerous; he was
likewise a very popular writer of religious tracts.
Tersteegen, Gerhard—1697-1769—born at
Mörs; he resided at Mülheim an der Ruhr, as a
ribbon-maker; a gentle heaven-inspired soul,
whose hymns are the reflection of a heavenly,
happy life, his mind being full of a childlike simplicity.
Wegleiter, Christoph—1659-1709—born at
Nuremburg, professor of Theology at Altorf.
Wülffer, Daniel—1617-1685—born at Nuremburg,
a professor and minister in that city. The
hymn “O Ewigkeit, O Ewigkeit,” is a serious and
pious consideration of, and apostrophe to, Eternity,
which in the last verse replies to man. The first
seven verses, as far as the words “O lange Freud,
O langes Leid,” Wülffer found in an old hymn-book,
perhaps the Catholic hymn-book of Cologne;
he improved them, and added the spirited conclusion.
Zinzendorf und Pottendorf, Nicolaus Ludwig,
Count of—1708-1760—the great founder of
“the Community of Brethren,” who was born a
sacred poet.
Zwick, Johann—of Kostnitz, who died about
1542; he was first a jurist, and afterwards a theologian
and minister in his native city; a pious and
learned man.