To the revival of learning in the fourteenth century, to the revival of
religion in the sixteenth, and the revival of liberty in the eighteenth
century must now be added the revival of the beautiful in this new era for
art. In former ages man was content if his house was dry, his coat was
warm, his tool strong. But now has come an era when man's house must have
beautiful walls, when woman's dress must have harmonious hues, when the
speaker's truth must be clothed in words of beauty;
while in religion if the worshiper once was content with a harsh hymn, now
man best loves the song that has a beautiful sentiment and a sweet tune.
Always the useful had a cash value. Now beauty has become a commodity.
To-day, to hold his place, the artisan must become an artist. The era of
ugliness, with its clumsy tools and ungainly garments, has gone forever. No
longer content with lending strength to coat or chair or car, manufacturers
now vie with one another in a struggle to make the garment take on lines of
grace, and colors soft and beautiful. Society seems to be standing upon the
threshold of the greatest art movement in history. Best of all this,
revival of the beautiful promises to be a permanent social possession.
Very brief and fitful that first art epoch when Phidias polished
statues, the very
fragments of which are the despair of modern sculptors. All too short also
that era when Raphael and Botticelli brought the canvas into what seemed
the zenith of its perfection. It was as if the vestal virgin of beauty had
drawn near to fan the flickering light into a fierce flame only to allow it
quickly to die out again. But if other art epochs have been soon followed
by eras of ugliness and tyranny, it was because formerly the patrician
class alone was interested in the beautiful. In that far-off time, Pericles
had his palace and Athens her temple, but the common people dwelt in mud
huts, wore coats of sheepskin, and slept on beds of straw. The beauty that
was manifest in pictures, marbles, rich textures, bronzes, belonged
exclusively to the cathedral or the palace.
Now has come an era when art is diffused. Beauty is sprinkled all over
the
instruments of dining-room, parlor and library. It is organized into
textures of cotton, wool and silk. Even in the poor man's cottage blossoms
break forth upon floor and walls, while vines festoon the humblest door.
Once, at great expense, a baron in France or Germany would send an artist
into Italy to copy some masterpiece of Titian or Tintoretto. Now modern
photography makes it possible for the poorest laborer to look upon the
semblance of great pictures, statues, cathedrals,
landscapes—treasures these once beyond the wealth of princes. Having
made tools, books, travel, home, religion to be life-teachers, God has now
ordained the beautiful as an apostle of the higher Christian life.
Recognizing the hand of God in every upward movement of society, we
explain this new enthusiasm for art upon the
principle that beauty is the outer sign of an inner perfection. Oft with
lying skill men veneer the plaster pillar with slabs of marble, and hide
soft wood with strips of mahogany. But beauty is no outer veneer. When
ripeness enters the fruit within a soft bloom steals over the peach
without. When every drop of blood in the veins is pure a beauteous flush
overcasts the young girl's cheek. When summer hath lent ripeness to the
harvests God casts a golden hue over the sheaf and lends a crimson flush to
the autumn leaves. For beauty is ripeness, maturity and strength. Therefore
when the seer says, "God maketh everything beautiful in its time," he
indicates that God's handiwork is perfect work. When some Wordsworth or
Emerson leaves behind men's clumsy creations and enters the fields where
God's workmanship abounds, the poet finds the ground "spotted with
fire and gold in tints of flowers"; he finds the trees hung with festooned
vines; finds the forests uniting their branches in cathedral arches; finds
the winds making music down the long, leafy aisles; finds the birds pouring
forth notes in choiring anthems, while the very clouds rise like golden
incense toward an unseen throne. Though the traveler journey far, he shall
find no bud, no bough, no landscape or mountain or ocean, that is not
overcast with bloom and beauty.
We are not surprised therefore when we see that as man's arts and
industries go toward perfection they go toward beauty. Carry the coarse
flax up toward beauty and it becomes strong cloth. Carry the cocoon of a
worm up to beauty and it becomes a soft silken robe. Carry rude Attic
speech up to beauty and it becomes the language of Homer or Hesiod.
Carry the strange face or form tatooed upon the arm of the savage up to
beauty and it becomes a Madonna or a Transfiguration. Carry a stone altar
and a smoking sacrifice up to beauty and it becomes a Cologne cathedral or
a Westminster Abbey. Indeed, historians might use the beautiful as the
touchstone of human progress. The old milestones of growth were metals.
First came the age when arrows were tipped with flint. Then came the iron
age, when the spear had a metal point. The bronze age followed, lending
flexibility to ore hitherto unyielding. Later came the steel age, when
weapons that bruised gave place to the keen edge that cuts. Perhaps the
divinity chat represents our era will stand forth plated with oxide of
silver.
But his ideas of beauty would measure man's progress quite as
accurately. In
that first rude age beauty was external. Man twisted gay feathers into his
hair, painted his cheeks red or yellow, wore rings of bright shells about
his neck. But our age is high because beauty has ceased to be mere personal
adornment. Man now seeks to make his books beautiful for the intellect, his
library and gallery beautiful for taste and imagination, his temple
beautiful for worship, his home beautiful in the interest of the heart, his
song and prayer not simply true, but beautiful with praise to the unseen
God. If in rude ages beauty was associated with physical elements, the
glory of our era is that beauty, unfolding from century to century, is now
increasingly associated with those moral qualities that lend remembrance to
mother and martyr, to hero and patriot and saint.
To-day, fortunately for society, this world-wide interest in art is
becoming spiritualized. From beautiful objects men are passing to beautiful
thoughts and deeds. We begin to hear much of the art of right living and
the science of character building. Having lent charm and value to column
and canvas, to marble and masterpiece, beauty now moves on to lend
loveliness to mind and heart. For it seems an incongruous thing for man to
adorn his cottage, lend charm to its walls and windows, make its ceilings
to be like the floor of heaven for beauty, while within his heart he
cherishes groveling littleness, slimy sin, light-winged evasions, brutal
passions. He whose body rides in a palace car must not carry a soul that is
like unto a savage. Having lingered long before the portrait of Antigone or
Cordelia, the young girl finds herself pledged to turn that ideal into life
and character.
The copy of the Sistine Madonna hanging upon the wall asks the woman who
placed it there to realize in herself this glorious type of motherhood.
When the admirers of Shakespeare bought the house in which their hero
was born, they planted in the garden the flowers which the poet loved.
Passing through the little wicket gate the pilgrim finds himself moving
along a perfumed path, while to his garments clings the odor of violets and
roses, sweet peas and buttercups, the columbine and
honeysuckle—flowers these, whose roots are in earth indeed, but whose
beauty is borrowed from heaven. From these grounds men have expelled the
poison ivy, the deadly nightshade, all burdocks and thistles. And the soul
is a garden in which truth, purity, patience, love, long suffering are
qualities whiter than
any lily and sweeter than any rose, whose perfume never passes, whose
beauty does not fade. And having succeeded in transforming waste places
into centers of radiant beauty, man encourages the hope that he can carry
his own reason, judgment and ambition up to full symmetry and
perfection.
What a transformation man has wrought in matter! Nature says, here is a
lump of mud; man answers, let it become a beautiful vase. Nature says, here
is a sweet briar; man answers, let it become a rose double and of many
hues. Nature says, here is a string and a block of wood; man answers, let
them be a sweet-voiced harp. Nature says, here is a daisy; Burns answers,
let it become a poem. Nature says, here is a piece of ochre and some iron
rust; Millet answers, let the colors become an Angelus. Nature says, here
is
reason rude and untaught; man must answer, let the mind become as full of
thoughts as the sky of stars and more radiant. Nature says, here is a rude
affection; man must answer, let the heart become as full of love and
sympathy as the summer is full of ripeness and beauty. Nature says, here is
a conscience, train it; man should answer, let the conscience be as true to
Christ and God as a needle to the pole. Marvelous man's skill through the
fine arts! Wondrous, too, his handicrafts! But no picture ever painted, no
poem ever perfected, no temple ever builded is comparable for strength and
beauty to a full-orbed soul, matured through a widely trained reason and a
sober judgment—mellow in heart and conscience, pervaded throughout
with the spirit of Jesus Christ, the soul's master and model.