Research Methods in Ecology

About this eBook

Author

Clements, Frederic E. (Frederic Edward), 1874-1945

Title

Research methods in ecology

Original Publication

Lincoln: University Publishing Co, 1905.

Credits

Richard Tonsing and The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

QK: Science: Botany

Subject

Plant ecology -- Methodology

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 73420

Release Date

April 18, 2024

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.RESEARCH METHODS IN ECOLOGY
2. 2.PREFACE
3. 3.CONTENTS — CHAPTER I. THE FOUNDATION OF ECOLOGY The Need of a System — HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT — PRESENT STATUS OF ECOLOGY — APPLICATIONS OF ECOLOGY — The Essentials of a System
4. 4.CHAPTER II. THE HABITAT — Concept and Analysis — Classification of Factors — The Determination of Factors — Instrumentation — Construction and Use of Instruments — WATER-CONTENT — Geotome Methods — Physical and Physiological Water — Records and Results — HUMIDITY — Psychrometers — Psychrographs — Humidity Readings and Records — LIGHT — The Photometer — Standards — Readings — Table of Intensity at Various Angles — Reflected and Absorbed Light — Expression of Results — TEMPERATURE — Thermometers — Readings — Expression of Results — PRECIPITATION — WIND — SOIL — PHYSIOGRAPHY — Altitude — Slope — Exposure — BIOTIC FACTORS — Methods of Habitat Investigation — THE METHOD OF SIMPLE INSTRUMENTS — Koelera-Andropogon-psilium — Quercus-Hicoria-hylium — METHOD OF ECOGRAPH BATTERIES — THE EXPRESSION OF PHYSICAL FACTOR RESULTS — Factor Records — Factor Curves — Factor Means and Sums
5. 5.CHAPTER III. THE PLANT Stimulus and Response — GENERAL RELATIONS — HYDROHARMOSE — ADJUSTMENT — ADAPTATION — PHOTOHARMOSE — ADJUSTMENT — ADAPTATION — Experimental Evolution — METHOD OF NATURAL EXPERIMENT — METHOD OF HABITAT CULTURES — METHOD OF CONTROL CULTURES
6. 6.CHAPTER IV. THE PLANT FORMATION Methods of Investigation and Record — QUADRATS — Kinds of Quadrats and Their Use — The List Quadrat — The Chart Quadrat — The Permanent Quadrat — The Denuded Quadrat — Aquatic Quadrats — TRANSECTS — The Line Transect — The Belt Transect — The Permanent Transect — The Denuded Transect — The Layer Transect — ECOTONE CHARTS — THE MIGRATION CIRCLE — CARTOGRAPHY — PHOTOGRAPHY — FORMATION AND SUCCESSION HERBARIA — Development and Structure — ASSOCIATION — Kinds of Association — THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FORMATION — INVASION — MIGRATION — ECESIS — BARRIERS — ENDEMISM — POLYPHYLESIS AND POLYGENESIS — KINDS OF INVASION — MANNER OF INVASION — INVESTIGATION OF INVASION — SUCCESSION — PRIMARY SUCCESSIONS — SECONDARY SUCCESSIONS — CAUSES AND REACTIONS — LAWS OF SUCCESSION — CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE — INVESTIGATION OF SUCCESSION — THE STRUCTURE OF THE FORMATION — ZONATION — CAUSES OF ZONATION — KINDS OF ZONATION — ALTERNATION — THE FORMATION IN DETAIL — CLASSIFICATION AND RELATIONSHIP — Experimental Vegetation — METHOD OF NATURAL HABITATS — METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL HABITATS — METHOD OF CONTROL HABITATS
7. 7.GLOSSARY
8. 8.BIBLIOGRAPHY

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