Political and Commercial Geology and the World’s Mineral Resources

About this eBook

Editor

Spurr, Josiah Edward, 1870-1950

Title

Political and commercial geology and the world's mineral resources

Original Publication

United States: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1920.

Credits

Charlene Taylor, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

TN: Technology: Mining engineering, Metallurgy

Subject

Geology, Economic

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 71082

Release Date

July 1, 2023

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL GEOLOGY AND THE WORLD’S MINERAL RESOURCES
2. 2.Untitled
3. 3.PREFACE
4. 4.CONTENTS
5. 5.CHAPTER I PETROLEUM By John D. Northrop [1] — INTRODUCTION By J. E. Spurr — USES OF PETROLEUM — Substitutes. — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — POLITICAL CONTROL OF PRODUCTION — COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF PRODUCTION — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF RESOURCES — POSITION OF THE LEADING POWERS — United States. — Great Britain. — France. — Japan. — SUMMARY
6. 6.CHAPTER II COAL By George S. Rice and Frank F. Grout — USES OF COAL — Substitutes. — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — COAL PRODUCTION OF THE WORLD IN 1913 — GENERAL WORLD SITUATION — Summary. — Probable Future Production. — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — THE SITUATION IN FRANCE, ENGLAND, AND THE UNITED STATES — The Coal Situation as Affected by the War. — Probable Changes in Coal Trade. — POSITION OF LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — United States. — England. — Germany. — France. — Italy. — Russia. — Japan. — China. — Conclusions.
7. 7.CHAPTER III IRON By E. C. Harder and F. T. Eddingfield — USES OF IRON — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — United States. — Germany. — France. — Great Britain. — Spain. — European Russia. — Sweden. — Austria-Hungary. — Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. — Cuba. — Newfoundland. — Norway. — Italy. — Greece. — Canada. — China and Manchuria. — India. — Japan and Korea. — Poland. — Belgium. — Portugal. — Turkey and Bulgaria. — Chile. — Brazil. — Mexico. — South Africa. — Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. — POSITION OF LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — General Statement. — United States. — Germany. — Great Britain. — France. — Russia. — Belgium. — Austria-Hungary. — Japan.
8. 8.CHAPTER IV MANGANESE By D. F. Hewett — USES OF MANGANESE — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — North America. — South America. — Europe. — Asia. — Africa. — Australasia. — DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF THE IMPORTANT NATIONS WITH REGARD TO MANGANESE SUPPLIES — United States. — England. — France. — Germany. — SUMMARY
9. 9.CHAPTER V CHROMIUM By E. C. Harder — USES OF CHROMIUM — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — Australasia. — Africa. — Asia. — Europe. — North America. — South America, Central America and Cuba. — POSITION OF LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — United States. — Great Britain. — France. — Germany. — Russia. — SUMMARY
10. 10.CHAPTER VI NICKEL By C. S. Corbett — USES OF NICKEL — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — Deposits of the Sulphide Type. — Deposits of the Garnierite and Lateritic Types. — Nickel in Veins. — DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF THE LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — United States. — Great Britain. — France. — Germany.
11. 11.CHAPTER VII TUNGSTEN By Frank L. Hess — USES OF TUNGSTEN [74] — Substitutes. — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — PRODUCTION BY COUNTRIES — DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — Asia. — Australasia. — South America. — North America. — Europe. — Summary. — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — British Control. — French Control. — Japanese Control. — American Control. — German Control. — PRODUCTION PLANTS AND PROCESSES — WHAT CONTROL MEANS IN THE UNITED STATES
12. 12.CHAPTER VIII VANADIUM By R. B. Moore — USES OF VANADIUM — Substitutes. — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — Peruvian Deposits. — Other Foreign Deposits. — Deposits in the United States. — POSITION OF LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL
13. 13.CHAPTER IX ANTIMONY By H. G. Ferguson and D. A. Hall — USES OF ANTIMONY — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, AND POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — North America. — South America. — Europe. — Asia. — Africa. — Australia. — POSITION OF THE LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — The United States. — England. — France. — Germany. — Japan. — RECENT CONDITIONS IN THE INDUSTRY — SUMMARY
14. 14.CHAPTER X MOLYBDENUM By R. B. Moore — USES OF MOLYBDENUM — GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — Australia and Norway. — North America. — RESERVES — TREATMENT OF ORES — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — SUMMARY
15. 15.CHAPTER XI RADIUM AND URANIUM By R. A. F. Penrose, Jr. — Uses of Radium. — Uses of Uranium. — ORES OF RADIUM AND URANIUM — General Statement. — Carnotite. — Uraninite and Pitchblende. — Other Ores. — GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIUM AND URANIUM — RADIUM AND URANIUM RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES — General Statement. — Colorado and Utah. — Production. — RADIUM AND URANIUM RESOURCES OF EUROPE — Austria. — England. — Germany. — Other Localities. — RADIUM AND URANIUM RESOURCES OF AUSTRALIA, INDIA AND AFRICA — Australia. — India and Africa. — PROSPECT OF FUTURE DISCOVERIES OF RADIUM AND URANIUM ORES
16. 16.CHAPTER XII ZIRCONIUM By H. C. Morris — USES OF ZIRCONIUM — GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — The Natural Oxide. — The Silicate. — POLITICAL CONTROL — Brazil. — India. — United States. — General. — SUMMARY
17. 17.CHAPTER XIII MONAZITE, THORIUM, AND MESOTHORIUM By R. B. Moore — USES OF MONAZITE — GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — United States. — Brazil. — India. — CHANGES IN TREATMENT PRACTICE — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — United States. — Brazil. — India. — POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES
18. 18.CHAPTER XIV COPPER By F. W. Paine — INTRODUCTION — NORTH AMERICA — UNITED STATES — Reserves of United States Copper Mines. — CANADA — CUBA AND THE CARIBBEAN — MEXICO — SOUTH AMERICA — AFRICA — AUSTRALASIA — ASIA — EUROPE — SUMMARY
19. 19.CHAPTER XV LEAD By Frederick B. Hyder — USES OF LEAD — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — United States. — Australia. — Spain. — Germany. — Mexico. — Other Countries. — Changes in Geographical Distribution of Production in the Near Future. — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — United States. — Spain. — Australia. — Mexico. — British Isles. — Other Countries. — Trade Combinations. — POSITION OF THE GREAT NATIONS — United States. — British Empire. — Germany. — France. — Belgium. — Italy. — Austria-Hungary. — Spain. — Japan. — SUMMARY
20. 20.CHAPTER XVI ZINC By Frederick B. Hyder — USES OF ZINC — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — United States. — Germany. — Australia. — Italy. — Algeria. — Japan. — Spain. — Russia. — Other Countries. — DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — United States. — Germany. — Australia. — France. — POSITION OF THE GREAT NATIONS — SUMMARY
21. 21.CHAPTER XVII TIN By James M. Hill [140] — USES OF TIN — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — British Empire. — Other Nations. — PROBABLE CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF TIN MINES — COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF TIN SMELTING — POSITION OF THE TIN-CONSUMING COUNTRIES
22. 22.CHAPTER XVIII MERCURY By F. L. Ransome — USES OF MERCURY — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — Europe. — Asia. — North America. — South America. — CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE FUTURE — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — SUMMARY
23. 23.CHAPTER XIX BAUXITE AND ALUMINUM By J. M. Hill — USES OF BAUXITE AND ALUMINUM — CHANGES IN PRACTICE OF ALUMINUM MANUFACTURE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — United States and Canada. — The Guianas. — France. — Great Britain. — Norway. — Italy. — Central Powers. — SUMMARY
24. 24.CHAPTER XX EMERY AND CORUNDUM By Frank J. Katz — USES OF EMERY AND CORUNDUM — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION — DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN THE NEAR FUTURE — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF THE NATIONS — SUMMARY
25. 25.CHAPTER XXI MAGNESITE By R. W. Stone — USES OF MAGNESITE — GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — North America. — South America. — Europe. — Africa. — Asia. — Australia. — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — United States. — Austria. — SUMMARY
26. 26.CHAPTER XXII GRAPHITE By H. G. Ferguson, Frank F. Grout, and George D. Dub — USES OF GRAPHITE — GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE — WORLD CAPACITY FOR GRAPHITE PRODUCTION — FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF THE NATIONS — SUMMARY
27. 27.CHAPTER XXIII MICA By Durand A. Hall — USES OF MICA — Substitutes. — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF LEADING NATIONS — SUMMARY
28. 28.CHAPTER XXIV ASBESTOS By Oliver Bowles — USES OF ASBESTOS — Substitutes. — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — United States. — Canada and Newfoundland. — Mexico, Central and South America. — Europe. — Asia. — Africa. — Australasia. — DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN DISTRIBUTION OF MINES — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — SUMMARY
29. 29.CHAPTER XXV PHOSPHATE ROCK By R. W. Stone — USES OF PHOSPHATE ROCK — Substitutes. — GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — United States. — Canada. — South America. — Europe. — Africa. — Asia and Australasia. — RECENT CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF LEADING NATIONS — SUMMARY
30. 30.CHAPTER XXVI POTASH By Hoyt S. Gale and A. W. Stockett — NATURE AND USES OF POTASH — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — CHANGES IN COMMERCIAL PRACTICE — SOURCES OF PRODUCTION — POLITICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTROL — Germany. — Alsace. — Spain. — Other Countries. — SUMMARY
31. 31.CHAPTER XXVII NITROGEN By Chester G. Gilbert — USES OF NITROGEN — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — Atmospheric Nitrogen. — Nitrate Ore Deposits. — Organic Nitrogen. — Carboniferous Deposits. — GENERAL ASPECTS OF CONTROL — COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF NITROGEN CONTROL — Natural Compounds. — By-product Compounds. — Fixation Compounds. — RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND CHANGES IN PRACTICE — THE NITROGEN OUTLOOK — SUMMARY
32. 32.CHAPTER XXVIII PYRITE AND SULPHUR By A. G. White — USES OF PYRITE AND SULPHUR — Substitutes for Sulphur and Pyrite. — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PYRITE — Spain and Portugal. — Norway and Sweden. — France. — Italy. — Russia. — Germany, Austria and Hungary. — Cyprus. — The United States. — Canada. — Cuba. — Mexico. — Japan. — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SULPHUR — Italy and Sicily. — The United States. — Japan. — Great Britain. — Other Countries. — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — POLITICAL CONTROL OF SULPHUR AND PYRITE — COMMERCIAL CONTROL OF SULPHUR AND PYRITE — POSITION OF THE PRINCIPAL POWERS
33. 33.CHAPTER XXIX GOLD By John E. Orchard — USES OF GOLD — GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — North America — South America — Europe — Asia — Africa — Australasia — PROBABLE CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — POSITION OF LEADING COMMERCIAL NATIONS — SUMMARY
34. 34.CHAPTER XXX SILVER By F. W. Paine — USES OF SILVER — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — CHANGES IN KNOWN GEO GRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — CHANGES IN PRACTICE — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — Through Ownership of Mines. — Through Ownership of Reduction Plants. — Through Trade Combinations. — Through Relations with Consumers—England’s Control of Silver. — Through the Pittman Act in the United States. — Position of China and Japan. — SUMMARY
35. 35.CHAPTER XXXI PLATINUM By James. M. Hill — USES OF PLATINUM — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLATINUM — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLATINUM — Russia. — Colombia. — Canada. — United States. — Australia. — Spain. — Other Countries. — PROBABLE CHANGES IN KNOWN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE — POLITICAL CONTROL — COMMERCIAL CONTROL — Through Ownership of Mines. — Through Ownership of Reduction Plants. — POSITION OF THE WORLD AS REGARDS PLATINUM — SUMMARY
36. 36.CHAPTER XXXII WHO OWNS THE EARTH? By J. E. Spurr — THE FUEL MINERALS — Petroleum — Coal. — THE STEEL AND FERRO-ALLOY MINERALS — Iron. — Manganese. — Chromite. — Nickel. — Tungsten. — Vanadium. — Antimony. — Molybdenum. — Uranium. — Zirconium. — Thorium and Mesothorium. — THE MAJOR NON-FERROUS METALS — Copper. — Lead. — Zinc. — Tin. — Mercury. — Aluminum. — THE NON-METALLIC MINERALS — Emery and Corundum. — Magnesite. — Graphite. — Mica. — Asbestos. — THE FERTILIZER MINERALS — Phosphate Rock. — Potash. — Nitrates. — THE PRECIOUS METALS — Gold. — Silver. — Platinum. — Who Owns the Earth?
37. 37.INDEX — Transcriber’s Notes

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