POEMS FROM PUNCH
1909-1920
WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY
BY
W. B. DRAYTON HENDERSON
REPRINTED BY PERMISSION OF
THE PROPRIETORS
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON
1922
COPYRIGHT
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
Preface
Of "Singing masons building roofs of gold."
King Henry V. I. 11.
The following poems from 'Punch' are brought together to represent a larger number which amid much delightful but, as is fitting, ephemeral verse, serve the permanent interest of the Comic Spirit. They cover the period between 1908, when the last collection of the sort was published, and the end of 1920. The latter date I have accepted as a terminus, because it seems to mark, as nearly as it can be marked, the end of a period that is distinct from other periods, and the commencement of a new one.
Odd happenings tell us that this new cycle has arrived—old names, questions, and problems begin to turn up again: and not exactly as they were. Just now, for instance, harsh news comes roaring out of Printing House Square, pounding ragged holes in the gentle noise of Fleet Street. The Australians have added more thorns to our cricket laurel. Before the next 'bus bound prayerfully to Paul's wipes out the horrid spot with its smooth low singing, rampant patriotism is at work compelling indolent youth from "pat-ball" to the manly "willow." In a little while there will be fresh ardours on the village greens—and cartoons of the ardours: arduous as ever, even if diminished somewhat of the pride of 1909. We have come from strike to strike also. And sales-people, who were then growing to oily perfection, whence they slipped and fell, are once more polite. The war the messes hoped would come between the polo and the huntin' proved strangely accommodating, and so came. The cause of women—dear ever to the Comic Spirit—presses on to new supremacies. Their goals of the decade are now matters of antiquarian interest. But new illumine the future—and in their light the Comic Spirit, no doubt, smiles her Mona Lisa smile as she wanders in the churches of sainted women who converted wild Saxons or suchlike, and made them sit down orderly in their thousands,—from St. Materiana's to St. Editha's, and beyond. For there she reads firm protests of modern incapacity for such spiritualities, and sees spaces provided for the signatures of incapable, modest females; sees them—if she wanders where I did—unfilled, unsigned!
The difficulties of this last decade, if they were different difficulties from those of other decades, gave some individuality to the comedy of the time: using 'comedy' in its broadest sense, as indicating the behaviour of the Comic Spirit. For comedy as such is for the most part the encounter of the Comic Spirit with difficulties, and its triumph over them. Not the struggle, mark it; for Struggle and Agonies, properties of the Tragic Spirit or whomever else, are no belongings of the Comic. Neither is victory deferred, or partial victory which suits the pathetic; or unworthy victory, which may suit the burlesque. The Comic Spirit encounters, and it overthrows. Veni, vidi, vixi, is its record—with 'vidi' and all intervening delays left out. It does its seeing as it comes, and when it arrives it is already victor—with laurels and a Triumph.
Also, it is a victor without expectation. It did not look like a victor. You would not have picked it in the paddock—not even to place. Its appearance at the start is, characteristically, insignificant. The course set appears to be impossible for it. Yet it romps in a winner, and its very life becomes the doing of the impossible, the overturning of something big by something very little. Put it tersely, high comedy is the immediate Triumph of a seemingly minor over a seemingly major value.
To this end the Comic Spirit makes use of all sorts of properties, simple and subtle, animate and inanimate. It could man a rush and overcome Othello, if it had the mind, or in Mercutio overcome battalions of Fates. It does actually begin even more simply and terminate quite as high; and since the height is where we wish to come, it may be useful to follow the progress, through some typical situations.
At the start may come some simple slipperiness, tropical or arctic, playful underneath the impressed dignity of a greatness of the flesh or the church or the state; upsetting it completely, and winning a laughter that would be incredible if the victim were less great or the offence more so. Not much above would come some small folly—a mole on Cyrano's nose, or, say, the spectacles that crown Dostoievsky's Government official in An Unfortunate Incident. This minor property, steadfast on the head of the official at the instant of his complete disappearance down the throat of a very major crocodile, draws, quite understandably, the uproarious laughter of his friend and wife-widow. Next might come a spider, as in the historical case of Miss Muffet. Solidly seated upon a tuffet, fortified with curds and whey inside and outside, and embellished, no doubt, with implements suiting her occupation, no one could have been more formidable than that person. In comparison, the spider was the most obvious minor. Yet no sooner did he arrive, having done his seeing as he came, than his now well-known victory was allowed by the most bigoted strategical-retirement war correspondents. And since then he has retained his fame, without contest, as a veritable instrument of comedy.
Of higher but parallel significance is a certain apple in Mr. Augustus John's picture—"Down to the Sea": at least, I always feel it so. An unquestionable procession of weird women and strange children moves along a headland. They are of a world where there is nothing that one knows. It might easily be intolerable. But one of the women holds an apple in her hand. It gleams amongst the unknown, an offering to the Intelligence; and propitiatory, so that the bewildered deity, finding something so insignificant and familiar so much more than holding its own against strangeness, shares in the triumph, first in anticipation through sympathy, then actually using the apple as a sort of point-d'appui whence to search out the unknown:—as Eve did.
Raise the level yet higher, and instead of simple meanings overcoming strange people it is the microcosmic simple human who triumphs against scarcely conceivable cosmic splendour. Remember Sirius rising with Procyon attendant and the unlooseable glittering bands of Orion—suns and suns and the white wonder of nebula. It is only recalled, not seen, the time being day, but recalled so as to present the true magnitude. Somewhere beneath it walk Dr. Middleton, of Meredith's The Egoist, with his daughter Clara but this moment self-withdrawn from immolation before the pattern of Patternes, and with no reason to be grateful to her unshriven parent. "Clara linked her arm with her father's and said, on a sudden brightness, 'Sirius, papa!'
"He repeated it in the profoundest manner. 'Sirius! And is there,' he asked, 'a feminine scintilla of sense in that?'
"It is the name of the star I was thinking of, dear papa.
"It was the star observed by King Agamemnon before the sacrifice in Aulis. You were thinking of that? But, my love, my Iphigenia, you have not a father who will insist on sacrificing you!
"Did I hear him tell you to humour me, papa?
"Dr. Middleton humphed.
"'Verily the dog star rages in many heads,' he responded."
That is all the apology Clara ever got or, indeed, ever needed. Against cosmic brightness her microcosmic affair lifted itself, and proved (as Hardy proved in another connection), "that of the two contrasting magnitudes the latter was, for us, the more important": proved it immediately, with an opulence of light against any doubtful interpretation, like that of Sirius itself, preserved against "a night of frost and strong moonlight."
The human triumph can be intenser also, as a last illustration will show from Tchaikovski's "Trio in A minor"—To the memory of a great artist. The second movement, as near as can be, presents the drama of the artistic effort under stress of the imminence of death. Ars longa, vita brevis is the theme—the uncertainty of which is carried on the strings, while the sombre certainty, the sombre sense of mortality moves upon the muffled pianoforte, a sort of dead march:
Comes death on shadowy and resistless feet;
Death is the end, the end.
Against this opposition, and commentary, the theme of the artist's life seems to develop: to strengthen. It heeds. Then it takes swift possession. The actual theme from the piano is appropriated by the strings, and in a glory of technical as well as moral triumph minor absorbs major: and death, become not the foe but an actual material of art, is swallowed up in victory.
All comedy—even high comedy—is not necessarily as intent as this last: nor all—even low—so simple as the nursery rhyme. Yet all, worth the name, has sympathy with both—from Menander to Shakespeare or Molière or Meredith. The apparent major may be age and tallow-dripping corpulence, as in the case of Falstaff, and the triumph that of the mere suppressed voice of the Comic Spirit breaking through in his shout on Gadshill,—"They hate us, youth." More often it is no physical defeat, but a moral one. It is convention without meaning, learning without significance, mode without kindliness, show without reason: every sort of sham and hardening of mind or heart against the unformulated fact of fluid life. And comedy is, so, life's victory.
This victory, of course, is not confined to art. Living that is worth the name must be a succession of such instances, becoming, as culture ripens, of greater range, and surer.
In comparison with earlier times this larger embrace shows itself now and then—a quality of our time or race: particularly in the front we present to circumstances or events that people quite unmoved by the Comic Spirit might find anything but attractive, except as an occasion for martyrdom or some such hardening of mind quite opposed to the immediately accessible Comic Spirit. We can enjoy the hidden beauty, or the very fact of opposition, behind the forbiddingness of things—even though the forbiddingness destroys body and body-comfort at a stroke. Enjoy it, too, not in the negative way of Non dolets, but actively and radiantly. To one so gifted, the forbiddingness of forbidden cities becomes as nothing, and the shadow of their golden watch-towers everything, as it falls, mingling with lotus blossom, in the moat. The Antarctic, blowing its cheeks off with storm and promise of immediate destruction, is of little account—and the "splendid pirate" of Sir Ernest Shackleton's last expedition buys matches in the face of it and pays for them in futures—a bottle of champagne per match, to be handed over at a dream 'pub' in a most improbable future. The war furnished other illustrations. This spirit was one of its very few virtues, without which it could not have carried on at all. Simple and daily life has them too, with the same result. For the spirit of comedy is the hope within and the light upon it, its shelter and its power to dare. It is the urge to a radiant beauty in the house of life we build, and the metal by which the roof, as it were, of that common house becomes a roof of gold.
If our comedy is the golden roof we raise, the shining triumph of the small matter of man's spirit over frowning great difficulties, something must be exacted of the builders who, if it is reared at all, must rear it. True comedy is essentially social. It reflects truth, and its servants building it constantly and immaterially must be servants of the truest social good. Satirists and cynics, tragedians and farceurs, may be as remote from life as they please and as individualistic. The servant of the Comic Spirit knows his kind, moves with them and loves them. He could be strong without this love no more than Antaeus without earth. It puts him in possession of the strength of the whole. Allow for the necessary semi-detachment of the artist, and it gives to all who serve the Comic Spirit that sense of more than equalness to the task which makes men sing as they work and of that work otherwise perhaps uninspired, makes the true domus aurea.
Doubtless such love can be intense, and foster comedy, where there is little to love. But it goes beyond intensity where there is much. It becomes diverse, many-coloured, passionate yet urbane, robust yet fanciful; and comedy, responsive to all its moods, becomes as various.
The pages of Punch, to apply what has been said, are an illustration of such Comedy. In obvious and in subtler ways, of fine jocoserie or of fine courage, they show the unrecorded minor besting the plausible major. Sometimes, if not mountains, then sizable hills are brought to labour, and the ridiculus mus which ultimately appears proves to be of quite different maternity, putting them to the blush: as in Mr. Hilton Brown's "To an Early Daffodil," or Mr. Chalmers's "To a Bank of England Pigeon," where the modern instance, modest Scillies or drab Old Lady of Threadneedle Street, wins the prize from the epic Cyclades or from Cypris-not-to-be-outdone. Mr. Chalmers gives an even more natural example of it in "Little Cow Hay." Here the good story of the wholesome doings of the Culpeppers, fit and famous, is piled high—only to have an insignificant ribald moment, regardless of them all, flutter with proud crowing to its very crown:
But that must be nigh
Sixty seasons away,
When things was all different
D'ye see—an' to-day
There ain't no Culpeppers
At Little Cow Hay.
Sometimes the minor human makes the triumph. Opposed by a full-grown if incomplete planet, he takes it up, without effort, as a very little thing: Smith, M.A., Oxon., for instance, of Mr. Bretherton's poem; or the hero of "The Desert Optimist," who, if history went so far, would doubtless be Piccadillyish in Penang and urban in the Gobi.
Most often, however, it is no particular coup of the Comic Spirit that these poems celebrate. It is the Comic Spirit preparing itself for any, by making sure of the strong social life, in all its disciplines or humours, from which its strength springs. It contemplates the towers which whisper to Smith in Mesopotamy the smooth, cool enchantments of the Middle Age. It regards London—Fleet Street levying tribute from all romance, Charing Cross Road and the ancient kingdom of books, people and zoo and parks—and from all this it gathers the comfort "of no mean city," so that our gentlemen adventurers at the end of things may possess that, and with it give a genuinely comic overturn to alien unpleasantnesses at time of need. Such help is precious, and Mr. Symns is not the first to record it.
"Urbs errat ante oculos;"
Then Fortune, send me where you list,
I care not, London holds me close
An exile, yet an optimist.
The greatest of such times of need has (we hope) come and gone. And not a little of the activity of the Comic Spirit while it lasted was just such a gathering, on a larger scale, and such a distribution of the gathered strength. The khaki flood covered up accounted landmarks. Even among the priests of the Ideal, the Ideal was not seldom lost. The Comic Spirit remembered both, and quietly recalled some things that were continuous beneath all change. The resulting poems as they appeared in Punch dealt with traditional themes, fairies and fancies and symbols of the spiritual ripening of the land under generations of love; but with a new tenderness, accented by the need, and also a new scope that included in the magic circle actual work-a-day doings, especially those of ships and sea. Of these, Miss Farjeon's "Nursery Rhymes of London Town" come first to thought, with Miss Fyleman's fairy poems and Miss Fox Smith's marines, all three represented here, and, fortunately, available complete in separate volumes as well.
It is needless to speak of the strength which came from such accounting of our spiritual possession. Col. McCrae's "In Flanders Fields," and Mrs. Robertson Glasgow's "Dulce et Decorum," antiphonal one to the other, are both included here. They answer for those who
...with the flame of their bright youth unspent
Went shouting up the pathway to the sun.
And history can take care of the rest. It is necessary to complete the tale of possession, however, by noting, in addition to the "Nimphidia" and poems of sentiment, those in memory of great servants of the Social Good, and hence of the Comic Spirit, or of that spirit itself most immediately, which Punch admitting in its scheme from the start, makes possible to include here. And finally, there are the poems on sport. There is an obvious difference between the tenderness and fancy of the 'Nimphidia' and the rollicking certainty of the last. Yet the two are complementary as flowers and earth. Oberon was first cousin to Robin Hood before Robin had become a myth, and now may be half your fairy music is the echo of yesterday's or yester-year's hunting horn. Half your fairy flowers grow on fields that have known harsh ploughing—Flanders fields will bear them among their poppies. So, if the noting of national sentiment contributes to the Comic Spirit, this noting of national discipline (which has a sentiment of its own now, as well as that it may help to create) does so also. It may be war, or hunting, or cricket, or
When eight strong fellows are out to row
With a slip of a lad to guide them:
from it all comes to the individual the strength of the group—and a knowledge too of those peculiar delights of comedy, a genuine sincerity of technique and a constant opposition of the best laid plans to a trifle—a ball or a fox or a rapid feather—with the certainty that out of that situation laughter may spring.
W. B. DRAYTON HENDERSON.
Prefatory Note
The poems in this collection are reprinted by permission of their proprietors, the proprietors of Punch. They are used with the added consent of their authors, or their representatives except in one case, of death, and two where present addresses are unknown. In some cases the consent of book-publishers has been superadded. All this we acknowledge gratefully. It would be gratifying if, in return, this use might add to the fame of the poets represented. The wish is, however, presumptuous, seeing that most of them are known, even outside the pages of Punch by many readers: C. K. Burrow through his In Time of Peace, etc. (Collins); Hartley Carrick, through The Muse in Motley (Bowes); P. R. Chalmers, Green Days, etc. (Maunsel); Mrs. Eden, Coal and Candlelight, etc. (Lane), etc.; Miss Farjeon, Nursery Rhymes of London Town, etc. (Duckworth); Miss Fyleman, Fairies and Chimneys, etc. (Methuen); Miss Fox Smith, Sailor Town, etc. (Matthews), Rhymes of the Red Ensign (Hodder and Stoughton), etc.; Crosbie Garstin, Vagabond Verses (Sidgwick and Jackson), with which will be coupled a new volume (Heinemann) including poems from Punch reprinted here; A. P. Herbert, Play Hours with Pegasus, etc. (Blackwell); A. L. Jenkins, Forlorn Adventures (Sidgwick and Jackson); E. V. Knox, The Brazen Lyre (Murray), etc.; R. C. Lehmann, The Vagabond (Lane); W. H. Ogilvie, Rainbows and Witches, etc. (Matthews), Hearts of Gold, etc. (Oxford); R. K. Risk, Songs of the Links (Duckworth); Sir Owen Seaman, In Cap and Bells, etc. (Lane), and A Harvest of Chaff, etc. (Constable).
Contents
Ballad of the Resurrection Packet, The
Ballade of August
Bazar
Belfries, The
Blue Roses
Booklover, The
Breaking-up Song
By the Canal in Flanders
By the Roman Road
Cambridge in Kharki
Canadian to his Parents, A
Child of the Sun, A
"Commem."
Cornish Lullaby, A
Cottage Garden Prayer
Dartymoor, For
Defaulters
Desert Optimist, The
Despair of my Muse, The
Devon Men
Devil in Devon, The
Dream, A
Dream Ship, A
Dulce Domum
"Dulce et Decorum"
Failure of Sympathy, A
Fairies in the Malverns
Fairy Music
Fairy Went A-Marketing, A
Farewell to Summer
February Trout Fancy, A
Figure Head, The
First Game, The
For Dartymoor
Fount of Inspiration
"Gambol"
Ghosts of Paper
Glad Good-bye, The
Golden Valley, The
Good-bye, Australians!
Guns of Verdun
Herbs of Grace
Honey Meadow
House in a Wood, A
Huntin' Weather
Hymn for High Places
Ideal Home, The
In Flanders Fields
In Memoriam—William Booth
In Memoriam—George Meredith
In Memoriam—Algernon Charles Swinburne
In Winter
Inland Golf
Inn o' the Sword, The
Labuntur Anni
Lanes leading down to the Thames, The
Last Cock Pheasant, The
Left Smiling
Lighted Way, The
Lines to a Mudlark
Little Cow Hay
"Little Foxes, The"
Little Ships, The
Lone Hand, The
Medalitis
Mixed Shooting, On
My First Flight
New Resistance, The
North Sea Ground, The
Nurse, The
Nursery Rhymes of London Town
Old Ships, The
On Simon's Stack
Oxford Revisited
Ramshackle Room, A
Return, The
Saturdays
School for Motley, The
Seats of the Mighty
Sitting Bard, The
Sometimes
Song of Syrinx, A
Southampton
Southward
Spanish Ledges
Spring Cleaning
Strange Servant, The
Summer and Sorrow
Three Ships, The
Time's Revenges
To a Bank of England Pigeon
To a Cuckoo, Heard on the Links
To a Dear Departed
To an Early Daffodil
To an Egyptian Boy
To an Unknown Deer
To Santa Claus
To Smith in Mesopotamy
To the God of Love
"Treasure Island"
Vagrant, A
Voyage Of H.M.S. "President," The
Watch in the Night, A
Whine from a Wooer, A
Wild Swan, The
Windmill, The
Wintry Fires
Wireless
Woods of France, The