New Word-Analysis: School Etymology Of English Derivative Words

About this eBook

Author

Swinton, William, 1833-1892

Title

New Word-Analysis Or, School Etymology of English Derivative Words

Credits

Produced by Keith Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net

Language

English

LoC Class

PE: Language and Literatures: English

Subject

English language -- Etymology

Category

Text

eBook-No.

19346

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19346

Release Date

September 22, 2006

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.NEW WORD-ANALYSIS:
2. 2.WITH PRACTICAL EXERCISES — SPELLING, ANALYZING, DEFINING, SYNONYMS, AND THE USE OF WORDS.
3. 3.BY WILLIAM SWINTON, — NEW YORK ·:· CINCINNATI ·:· CHICAGO
4. 4.AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY — BY WILLIAM SWINTON
5. 5.PREFACE.
6. 6.CONTENTS. — PART I. — PART II. — PART III. — PART IV. — PART V. — WORD-ANALYSIS.
7. 7.PART I.—INTRODUCTION. — I.—ELEMENTS OF THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY. — II.—ETYMOLOGICAL CLASSES OF WORDS. — III.—PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. — EXERCISE. — IV.—RULES OF SPELLING USED IN FORMING DERIVATIVE WORDS. — Rule 1.— Final "e" followed by a Vowel. — Rule II.— Final "e" followed by a Consonant. — Rule III.— Final "y" preceded by a Consonant. — Rule IV.— Final "y" preceded by a Vowel. — Rule V.— Doubling. — Rule VI.— No Doubling.
8. 8.PART II.—THE LATIN ELEMENT. — I.—LATIN PREFIXES. — II.—LATIN SUFFIXES. — CLASSIFIED REVIEW OF LATIN SUFFIXES, WITH GENERIC DEFINITIONS. — II. — III. — EXERCISE. — I. — 1. Nouns. — 2. Verbs. — 3. Adjectives. — 1. Nouns. — 2. Verbs. — 3. Adjectives. — II. — III. — III.—DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF LATIN DERIVATIVES. — Pronunciation of Latin Words.
9. 9.LATIN ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES. — DIVISION I.— METHOD OF STUDY. — 1. AG'ERE: a'go, ac'tum, to do , to drive . — EXERCISE. — 2. ALIE'NUS, another , foreign . — EXERCISE. — 3. AMA'RE, to love , AMI'CUS, a friend . — EXERCISE. — 4. AN'IMUS, mind , passion ; AN'IMA, life . — EXERCISE. — 5. AN'NUS, a year . — EXERCISE. — 6. ARS, ar'tis, art, skill. — EXERCISE. — 7. AUDI'RE: au'dio, audi'tum, to hear . — EXERCISE. — 8. CA'PUT, cap'itis, the head . — EXERCISE. — 9. CI'VIS, a citizen . — EXERCISE. — 10. COR, cor'dis, the heart . — EXERCISE. — 11. COR'PUS, cor'poris, the body . — EXERCISE. — 12. CRED'ERE: cre'do, cred'itum, to believe. — EXERCISE. — 13. CUR'RERE: cur'ro, cur'sum, to run . — EXERCISE. — 14. DIG'NUS, worthy . — EXERCISE. — 15. DOCE'RE: do'ceo, doc'tum, to teach. — EXERCISE. — 16. DOM'INUS, a master or lord. — EXERCISE. — 17. FI'NIS, an end or limit. — EXERCISE. — 18. FLU'ERE: flu'o, flux'um, to flow. — EXERCISE. — 19. GREX, gre'gis, a flock or herd. — EXERCISE. — 20. I'RE: e'o, i'tum, to go . — EXERCISE. — 21. LA'PIS, lap'idis, a stone. — EXERCISE. — 22. LEX, le'gis, a law or rule . — EXERCISE. — 23. LIT'ERA, a letter . — EXERCISE. — 24. MORS, mortis, death . — EXERCISE. — 25. NOR'MA, a rule . — EXERCISE. — 26. OR'DO, or'dinis, order . — EXERCISE. — 27. PARS, par'tis, a part or share . — EXERCISE. — 28. PES, pe'dis, a foot . — EXERCISE. — 29. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break. — EXERCISE. — 30. TEM'PUS, tem'poris, time . — EXERCISE. — DIVISION II.—ABBREVIATED LATIN DERIVATIVES. — 1. A'CER, a'cris, sharp ; Acer'bus, bitter ; Ac'idus, sour ; Ace'tum, vinegar . — 2. AE'DES, a house . — 3. Æ'QUUS, equal : Æqua'lis, equal, just . — 4. Æ'VUM, an age ; Æter'nitas, eternal . — 5. A'GER, a'gri, a field, land . — 6. AL'ERE: a'lo, al'itum or al'tum, to nourish ; ALES'CERE: ales'co to grow up . — 7. AL'TER, another ; Alter'nus, one after another . — 8. ANTI'QUUS, old, ancient . — 9. AP'TUS, fit, suitable . — 10. A'QUA, water . — 11. AR'BITER, ar'bitri, a judge or umpire . — 12. AR'BOR, ar'boris, a tree . — 13. AR'MA, arms, weapons . — 14. ARTIC'ULUS, a little joint . — 15. AS'PER, rough . — 16. AUGE'RE: au'geo, auc'tum, to increase . — 17. A'VIS, a bird ; Au'gur, Aus'pex, aus'picis, a soothsayer . — 18. BAR'BARUS, savage, uncivilized . — 19. BIS, twice or two . — 20. BO'NIS, good ; Be'ne, well . — EXERCISE. — 21. CAD'ERE: ca'do, ca'sum, to fall . — 22. CÆD'ERE: cæ'do, cæ'sum, to cut, to kill . — 23. CAL'CULUS, a pebble . — 24. CANDE'RE: can'deo, can'ditum, to be white, to shine (literally, to burn, to glow) ; Can'didus, white . — 25. CAN'ERE: ca'no, can'tum, to sing ; Fr chanter, to sing . — 26. CAP'ERE: ca'pio, cap'tum, to take . — 27. CA'RO, carnis, flesh . — 28. CAU'SA, a cause . — 29. CAVE'RE: ca'veo, cautum, to beware . — 30. CA'VUS, hollow . — 31. CED'ERE: ce'do, ces'sum, to go, to yield . — 32. CENSE'RE: cen'seo, cen'sum, to weigh, to estimate, to tax . — 33. CEN'TRUM, the middle point . — 34. CEN'TUM, a hundred . — 35. CER'NERE: cer'no, cre'tum, to sift, to see, to judge ; Discrimen, discrim'inis, distinction . — 36. CERTA'RE: cer'to, certa'tum, to contend, to vie . — 37. CIN'GERE: cin'go, cinc'tum, to gird . — 38. CIR'CUS, a circle ; cir'culus, a little circle . — 39. CITA'RE: ci'to, cita'tum, to stir up, to rouse . — 40. CLAMA'RE: cla'mo, clama'tum, to cry out, to shout ; Clam'or, a loud cry . — EXERCISE. — 41. CLAU'DERE: clau'do, clau'sum, to shut, to close . — 42. CLINA'RE: cli'no, clina'tum, to bend ; Cli'vus, a slope or hill . — 43. COL'ERE: co'lo, cul'tum, to till, to cultivate ( Low Lat. Cultiva're, to cultivate ). — 44. CREA'RE: cre'o, crea'tum, to create . — 45. CRES'CERE: cres'co, cre'tum, to grow . — 46. CRUX, cru'cis, a cross . — 47. CUBA'RE: cu'bo ( in compos, cumbo ), cub'itum, to lie down . — 48. CU'RA, care . — 49. DA'RE: do, da'tum, to give . — 50. DEBE'RE: de'beo, deb'itum, to owe . — 51. DE'CEM, ten ; Dec'imus, the tenth . — 52. DENS, den'tis, a tooth . — 53. DE'US, a God ; Divi'nus, relating to God, divine . — 54. DIC'ERE: di'co, dio'tum, to say . — 55. DI'ES, a day ; French jour, a day . — 56. DIVID'ERE: div'ido, divi'sum, to divide, to separate . — 57. DOLE'RE: do'leo, doli'tum, to grieve . — 58. DU'CERE: du'co, duc'tum, to lead, to bring forward . — 59. DU'O, two . — 60. DU'RUS, hard, lasting ; DURA'RE: du'ro, dura'tum, to last . — EXERCISE. — 62. ERRA'RE: er'ro, erra'tum, to wander . — 63. ES'SE, to be ; en, en'tis, being . — 64. FA'CERE: fa'cio, fac'tum, to do or make ; French Faire. — 65. FAL'LERE: fal'lo, fal'sum, to deceive ; French Faillir, to fall short or do amiss . — 66. FA'NUM, a temple . — 67. FA'RI, fa'tus, to speak . — 68. FATE'RI: fa'teor, fas'sus ( in comp. fes'sus), to acknowledge, to show . — 69. FELIX, feli'cis, happy . — 70. FEN'DERE: fen'do, fen'sum, to keep off, to strike . 6 — 71. FER'RE: fe'ro, la'tum, to bear, to carry . — 72. FERVE'RE: fer'veo, to boil ; Fermen'tum, leaven . — 73. FES'TUS, joyful, merry . — 74. FID'ERE: fi'do, to trust ; Fi'des, faith ; Fide'lis, trusty . — 75. FI'GERE: fi'go, fix'um, to join, fix, pierce . — 76. FIN'GERE: fin'go, fic'tum, to form, to feign ; Figu'ra, a shape . — 77. FIR'MUS, strong, stable . — 78. FLAM'MA, a stream of fire . — EXERCISE. — 79. FLEC'TERE: flec'to, flex'um, to bend . — 80. FLOS, flo'ris, a flower . — 81. FŒ'DUS, fœd'eris, a league or treaty . — 82. FO'LIUM, a leaf . — 83. FOR'MA, shape, form . — 84. FOR'TIS, strong . — 85. FRAN'GERE: fran'go, frac'tum, to break ; Fra'gilis, easily broken . — 86. FRA'TER, fra'tris, a brother ; Frater'nus, brotherly . — 87. FRONS, fron'tis, the forehead . — 88 FRU'OR: fruc'tus, to enjoy ; Fru'ges, corn ; French Fruit, fruit . — 89. FU'GERE: fu'gio, fu'gitum, to flee . — 90. FU'MUS, smoke . — 91. FUN'DERE: fun'do, fu'sum, to pour . — 92. GER'ERE: ge'ro, ges'tum, to bear or carry . — 93. GIG'NERE: gig'no, gen'itum, to beget ; Gens, gen'tis, a clan or nation , Ge'nus, gen'eris, a kind . — 94. GRA'DI: gra'dior, gres'sus, to walk . — 95. GRA'TUS, thankful, pleasing . — 96. GRA'VIS, heavy . — 97. HABE'RE: ha'beo, hab'itum, to have or hold ; HABITA'RE, hab'ito, habita'tum, to use frequently, to dwell . — 98. HÆRE'RE: hæ'reo, hæ'sum, to stick . — 99. HÆRES, hære'dis, an heir or heiress ; French Hériter, to be heir to . — 100. HO'MO, hom'inis, a man ; Huma'nus, human . — EXERCISE. — 101. HU'MUS, the earth ; Hu'milis, on the ground, lowly . — 102. JA'CERE: ja'cio, jac'tum, to throw or cast . — 103. JUN'GERE: jun'go, junc'tum, to join ; Ju'gum, a yoke . — 104. JURA'RE: ju'ro, jura'tum, to swear . — 105. JUS, ju'ris, right law ; Jus'tus, lawful ; Ju'dex, ju'dicis, a judge . — 106. LE'GERE: le'go, lec'tum, to gather, to read . — 107. LEVA'RE: le'vo, leva'tum, to raise ; Le'vis, easily raised, light ; French Lever, to rise or raise . — 108. LI'BER, free . — 109. LO'CUS: a place . — 110. LO'QUI: lo'quor, locu'tus, to speak . — 111. LU'DERE: lu'do, lu'sum, to play or deceive . — 112. LUX, lu'cis, light ; Lu'men, lu'minis, light . — 113. MAG'NUS, great ; Ma'jor, greater ; Magis'ter, master . — 114. MA'NUS, the hand ; French Main, the hand . — 115. MA'RE, the sea . — 116. ME'DIUS, the middle . — 117. MENINIS'SE: mem'ini, to remember ; Me'mor, mindful ; MEMORA'RE mem'oro, memora'tum, to remember, to mention . — 118. MENS, men'tis, the mind . — EXERCISE. — 119. MER'CES, hire ; Merx, mer'cis, merchandise . — 120. MER'GERE: mer'go, mer'sum, to dip, to sink . — 121. MIGRA'RE: migro, migra'tum, to remove . — 122. MI'LES, mil'itis, a soldier . — 123. MINE'RE: min'eo, min'itum, to hang over . — 124. MINU'ERE: min'uo, minu'tum, to lessen ; Mi'nor, less ; Mi'nus, less . — 125. MINIS'TER, a servant or attendant . — 126. MIRA'RI: mi'ror, mira'tus, to wonder . — 127. MISCE'RE: mis'ceo, mix'tum, to mingle . — 128. MI'SER, wretched . — 129. MIT'TERE: mit'to, mis'sum, to send or cast . — 130. MODERA'RI: mod'eror, modera'tus, to keep within bounds ; Mo'dus, a measure or manner . — 131. MONE'RE: mo'neo, mon'itum, to remind, to warn . — 132. MONS, mon'tis, a mountain . — 133. MONSTRA'RE: mon'stro, monstra'tum, to point out, to show . — 134. MORDE'RE: mor'deo, mor'sum, to bite . — 135. MOS, mo'ris, manner, custom ; pl. Mo'res, manners or morals . — 136. MOVE'RE: mo'veo, mo'tum, to move . — 137. MUL'TUS, multi, many, much . — 138. MU'NUS, mu'neris, a gift, a service . — 139. MUTA'RE: mu'to, muta'tum, to change . — 140. NAS'CI: nas'cor, na'tus, to be born, to grow ; Natu'ra, nature . — 141. NA'VIS, a ship . — 142. NEC'TERE: nec'to, nex'um, to tie or bind . — EXERCISE. — 143. NEGA'RE: ne'go, nega'tum, to deny . — 144. NEU'TER, neu'trum, neither of the two . — 145. NOCE'RE: no'ceo, no'citum, to hurt . — 146. NO'MEN, nom'inis, a name . — 147. NOS'CERE: nos'co, no'tum, to know ; No'ta, a mark . — 148. NO'VUS, new . — 149. NU'MERUS, a number . — 150. NUNCIA'RE: nuncio, nuncia'tum, to announce ; Nun'cius, a messenger . — 151. NUTRI'RE: nu'trio, nutri'tum, to nourish . — 152. O'PUS, op'eris, a work or deed ; OPERA'RI, opera'tus, to work . — 153. PAN'DERE: pan'do, pan'sum, and pas'sum, to spread ; Pas'sus, a step . — 154. PAR, equal . — 155. PARA'RE. pa'ro, para'tum, to make ready, to prepare ; SEPARA'RE: sep'aro, separa'tum, to separate . — 156. PAT'ER, pa'tris, a father ; Pa'tria, one's native country . — 157. PA'TI: pa'tior, pas'sus, to bear, to suffer . — 158. PEL'LERE; pel'lo, pul'sum, to drive . — 159. PENDE'RE; pen'deo, pen'sum, to hang . — 160. PEN'DERE: pen'do, pen'sum, to weigh, to pay . — 161. PET'ERE: pe'to, peti'tum, to attack, to seek . — EXERCISE — 162. PLEC'TERE: plec'to, plex'um, to twist ; PLICA'RE: pli'co, plica'tum, and plic'itum, to fold . — 163. PON'ERE: po'no, pos'itum, to place . — 164. PORTA'RE: por'to, porta'tum, to carry . — 165. POS'SE, to be able ; Po'tens, poten'tis, powerful, mighty . — 166. PREHEN'DERE: prohen'do, prehen'sum, to lay hold of, to seize . — 167. PREM'ERE: pre'mo, pres'sum, to press . — 168. PRI'MUS, first ; Prin'ceps, prin'cipis, chief, original . — 169. PROBA'RE: pro'bo, proba'tum, to try, to prove . — 170. PUN'GERE: pun'go, punc'tum, to prick ; Punc'tum, a point . — 171. PUTA'RE: pu'to, puta'tum, to think, to prune, to count or reckon . — 172. RAP'ERE: ra'pio, rap'tum, to seize suddenly, to snatch or hurry away . — 173. REG'ERE: re'go, rec'tum, to rule ; Rec'tus, straight . — 174. RI'VUS, a river . — 175. ROGA'RE: ro'go, roga'tum, to ask . — 176. RUM'PERE: rum'po, rup'tum, to break . — 177. SA'CER, sa'cri, holy . — 178. SA'LUS, salu'tis, health ; Sal'vus, safe . — 179. SCAN'DERE: scan'do ( in comp. scen'do), scan'dum ( in comp. scen'sum), to climb . — 180. SCRIB'ERE: scri'bo, scrip'tum, to write . — 181. SECA'RE: se'co, sec'tum, to cut . — 182. SEDE'RE: se'deo ( in comp. se'do), ses'sum, to sit . — 183. SENTI'RE: sen'tio, sen'sum, to feel, to think . — 184. SE'QUI: se'quor, secu'tus, to follow . — 185. SERVA'RE: ser'vo, serva'tum, to save, to keep, to bind . — EXERCISE. — 186. SIG'NUM, a sign . — 187. SIM'ILIS, like . — 188. SIS'TERE: sisto, sta'tum, to cause to stand, to stand . — 189. SOL'VERE: sol'vo, solu'tum, to loosen . — 190. SPEC'ERE or SPIC'ERE: Spe'cio or spi'cio, spec'tum, to behold ; Spe'cies, a kind . — 191. SPIRA'RE: spi'ro, spira'tum, to breathe ; Spir'itus, breath, spirit . — 192. SPONDE'RE: spon'deo, spon'sum, to promise . — 193. STA'RE: sto, sta'tum ( in comp. sti'tum, to stand; pres. part. stans, stan'tis, standing ); SIS'TERE: sis'to, sta'tum, to cause to stand ; STATU'ERE: stat'uo, statu'tum, to station, to fix, to place . — 194. STRIN'GERE: strin'go, stric'tum, to bind; to draw tight . — 195. STRU'ERE: stru'o, struc'tum, to build, to place in order . — 196. SU'MERE: su'mo, sump'tum, to take ; Sump'tus, cost, expense . — 197. TAN'GERE: tan'go, tac'tum, to touch . — 198. TEN'DERE: ten'do, ten'sum or ten'tum, to stretch . — 199. TENE'RE: ten'eo, ten'tum, to hold ; French Tenir ( radical tain), to hold . — 200. TER'RA, the earth . — 201. TES'TIS, a witness . — 202. TOR'QUERE: tor'queo, tor'tum, to twist . — 203. TRA'HERE: tra'ho, trac'tum, to draw ; Fr. Trair, past part. Trait. — 204. TRIBU'ERE: trib'uo, tribu'tum, to allot, to give . — 205. TRU'DERE: tru'do, tru'sum, to thrust . — 206. TU'ERE: tu'eor, tu'itus or tu'tus, to watch . — 207. UN'DA, a wave . — 208. U'TI: u'tor, u'sus, to use . — 209. VAD'ERE: va'do, va'sum, to go . — 210. VALE'RE: valeo, vali'tum, to be strong, to be of value ; Val'idus, strong ; Va'le, farewell . — 211. VENI'RE: ve'nio, ven'tum, to come, to go . — 212. VER'BUM, a word . — 213. VER'TERE: ver'to, ver'sum, to turn . — 214. VE'RUS, true ; Ve'rax, vera'cis, veracious . — 215. VI'A, a way . — 216. VIDE'RE: vi'deo, vi'sum, to see . — 217. VIN'CERE: vin'co, vic'tum, to conquer . — 218. VOCA'RE: vo'co, voca'tum, to call ; Vox, vo'cis, the voice . — 219. VOL'VERE: vol'vo, volu'tum, to roll . — 220. VUL'GUS, the common people .
10. 10.PART III.—THE GREEK ELEMENT. — I.—GREEK PREFIXES. — II.—GREEK ALPHABET. — Pronunciation of Greek Words.
11. 11.GREEK ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES. — DIVISION I.—PRINCIPAL GREEK ROOTS. — 1. A'ER (αηρ), the air. — 2. AG'EIN (αγειν), to lead. — 3. A'GON (αγων), a contest. — 4. ANG'ELLEIN (αγγελλειν), to bring tidings; ANG'ELLOS (αγγελλος), a messenger. — 5. AR'CHE (αρχη), beginning, government, chief. — 6. AS'TRON (αστρον), a star. — 7. AU'TOS (αυτος), one's self. — 8. BAL'LEIN (βαλλειν), to throw or cast. — 9. BAP'TEIN (βαπτειν), to wash, to dip. — 10. CHRON'OS (χρονος), time. — 11. GRAM'MA (γραμμα), a letter — 12. GRAPH'EIN (γραφειν), to write. — 13. HOD'OS ('οδος), a way. — 14. HU'DOR ('υδορ), water . — 15. KRAT'OS (χρατος), rule, government, strength. — 16. LOG'OS (λογος), speech, ratio, description, science . — 17. MET'RON (μετρον) a measure . — 18. MON'OS (μονος), sole, alone . — 19. O'DE (ωδε), a song . — EXERCISE. — 20. ON'OMA (ονομα), a name . — 21. PAN (παν, παντος), all; whole . — 22. PA'THOS (παθος), suffering, feeling. — 23. PHIL'OS (φιλος), a friend, a lover. — 24. PHA'NEIN (φαινειν), to cause to appear ; PHANTA'SIA (φαντασια), an image, an idea. — 25. PHO'NE (φωνη), a sound . — 26. PHOS (φως, φωτος), light . — 27. PHU'SIS (φυσις), nature . — 28. POL'IS (πολις), a city. — 29. RHE'O ('ρεω), I flow, I speak . — 30. SKOP'EIN (σκοπειν), to see, to watch . — 31. TAK'TOS (τακτος), arranged ; TAX'IS (ταξις), arrangement . — 32. TECH'NE (τεχνη), art . — 33. THE'OS (θεος), God . — 34. TITH'ENI (τιθεναι), to place, to set . — 35. TON'OS (τονος), tension, tone . — REVIEW EXERCISE ON GREEK DERIVATIVES. — DIVISION II.—ADDITIONAL GREEK ROOTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES.
12. 12.PART IV.—THE ANGLO-SAXON ELEMENT. — I.—ANGLO-SAXON PREFIXES. — II.—ANGLO-SAXON SUFFIXES. — ANGLO-SAXON ROOTS AND ENGLISH DERIVATIVES. — Specimens of Anglo-Saxon, and the same literally translated into Modern English. — Specimens of Semi-Saxon and Early English. — Anglo-Saxon Element in Modern English.
13. 13.PART V.—MISCELLANEOUS DERIVATIVES. — I.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PERSONS. — 1.—NOUNS. — 2.—ADJECTIVES. — II.—WORDS DERIVED FROM THE NAMES OF PLACES.
14. 14.III.—ETYMOLOGY OF WORDS USED IN THE PRINCIPAL SCHOOL STUDIES. — 1.—TERMS IN GEOGRAPHY. — 2.—TERMS IN GRAMMAR. — 3.—TERMS IN ARITHMETIC.
15. 15.Notes.

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