Myths & Legends of China

About this eBook

Author

Werner, E. T. C. (Edward Theodore Chalmers), 1864-1954

Title

Myths and Legends of China

Credits

Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Jeroen Hellingman and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team.

Language

English

LoC Class

GR: Geography, Anthropology, Recreation: Folklore

Subject

Legends -- China

Category

Text

eBook-No.

15250

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15250

Release Date

March 4, 2005

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Myths & Legends of China
2. 2.George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd. London Bombay Sydney — Preface — Contents — Illustrations
3. 3.Chapter I — The Sociology of the Chinese
4. 4.Racial Origin
5. 5.Southern Origin Improbable
6. 6.Expansion of Races from North to South
7. 7.Arrival of the Chinese in China
8. 8.The K’un-lun Mountains
9. 9.Provisional Conclusion
10. 10.Inorganic Environment
11. 11.Organic Environment
12. 12.Sociological Environment
13. 13.Physical, Emotional, and Intellectual Characters
14. 14.Marriage in Early Times
15. 15.Marriage in Monarchical and Republican Periods
16. 16.Parents and Children
17. 17.Political History
18. 18.General Government
19. 19.Laws
20. 20.Local Government
21. 21.Military System
22. 22.Ecclesiastical Institutions
23. 23.Professional Institutions
24. 24.Accessory Institutions
25. 25.Bodily Mutilations
26. 26.Funeral Rites
27. 27.Laws of Intercourse
28. 28.Habits and Customs
29. 29.Sports and Games
30. 30.Domestic Life
31. 31.Industrial Institutions
32. 32.Arts
33. 33.Agriculture and Rearing of Livestock
34. 34.Sentiments and Moral Ideas
35. 35.Religious Ideas
36. 36.Superstitions
37. 37.Knowledge
38. 38.Language
39. 39.Achievements of the Chinese
40. 40.Chapter II — On Chinese Mythology
41. 41.Mythology and Intellectual Progress
42. 42.The Chinese Intellect
43. 43.The Influence of Religion
44. 44.History and Myth
45. 45.Chinese Rigidity
46. 46.The Prerequisites to Myth
47. 47.Stimulus Necessary
48. 48.Persistent Soul-expression
49. 49.The Character of Chinese Myth
50. 50.Periods Fertile in Myth
51. 51.Sources of Chinese Myth
52. 52.Phases of Chinese Myth
53. 53.Tso-ch’iu Ming and Lieh Tzŭ
54. 54.The T’ang and Sung Epochs
55. 55.Myth and Doubt
56. 56.Myth and Legend
57. 57.Chapter III — Cosmogony-p’an Ku and the Creation Myth
58. 58.The Fashioner of the Universe
59. 59.The Sun and the Moon
60. 60.P’an Ku and Ymer
61. 61.P’an Ku a Late Creation
62. 62.Nü Kua Shih, the Repairer of the Heavens
63. 63.Early Cosmogony Dualistic
64. 64.The Canon of Changes
65. 65.The Five Elements
66. 66.Monism
67. 67.Chou Tzŭ’s “T’ai Chi T’u”
68. 68.Chu Hsi’s Monistic Philosophy
69. 69.Lao Tzŭ’s “Tao”
70. 70.Confucius’s Agnosticism
71. 71.Mo Tzŭ and Creation
72. 72.Mencius and the First Cause
73. 73.Lieh Tzŭ’s Absolute
74. 74.Chuang Tzŭ’s Super-tao
75. 75.Popular Cosmogony still Personal or Dualistic
76. 76.Chapter IV — The Gods of China
77. 77.The Birth of the Soul
78. 78.The Populous Otherworld
79. 79.Worship of Shang Ti
80. 80.Worship of T’ien
81. 81.Confusion of Shang Ti and T’ien
82. 82.The Otherworld Similar to this World
83. 83.The Three Religions
84. 84.The Super-triad
85. 85.Worship of the Living
86. 86.Confucianism
87. 87.Confucius not a God
88. 88.The God of Literature
89. 89.Wên Ch’ang and the Great Bear
90. 90.Wên Ch’ang and Tzŭ T’ung
91. 91.Heaven-deaf and Earth-dumb
92. 92.Image of K’uei Hsing
93. 93.Mr Redcoat
94. 94.Mr Redcoat nods his Head
95. 95.Mr Golden Cuirass
96. 96.The God of War
97. 97.The Meat-seller’s Challenge
98. 98.The Oath in the Peach-orchard
99. 99.Buddhism in China
100. 100.Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood
101. 101.Diamond Kings of Heaven
102. 102.Legend of the Diamond Kings
103. 103.Hua-hu Tiao devours Yang Chien
104. 104.The Three Pure Ones
105. 105.The Three Causes
106. 106.Yüan-shih T’ien-tsun
107. 107.An Avatar of P’an Ku
108. 108.Yü Huang
109. 109.The Cask of Pearls
110. 110.The Legend of Yü Huang
111. 111.T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu
112. 112.Immortals, Heroes, Saints
113. 113.The God of the Immortals
114. 114.Hsi Wang Mu
115. 115.The Feast of Peaches
116. 116.The First Taoist Pope
117. 117.The Founder of Modern Taoism
118. 118.The Peach-gathering
119. 119.Chang Tao-ling’s Great Power
120. 120.Kings of Heaven
121. 121.T’ai I
122. 122.Goddess of the North Star
123. 123.Snorter and Blower
124. 124.Blue Dragon and White Tiger
125. 125.Apotheosized Philosophers
126. 126.Fanning the Grave
127. 127.Husband and Wife
128. 128.Canonized Generalissimos
129. 129.The Three Musical Brothers
130. 130.The Dragon-boat Festival
131. 131.Chiang Tzŭ-ya
132. 132.The Battle of Mu Yeh
133. 133.A Legend of Chiang Tzŭ-ya
134. 134.No-cha defeats Chang Kuei-fang
135. 135.Tzŭ-ya goes to K’un-lun
136. 136.He receives the List of Immortals
137. 137.The Soaring Head
138. 138.The Ancient Immortal saves the Situation
139. 139.Ch’iung Hsiao’s Magic Scissors
140. 140.Chiang Tzŭ-ya defeats Wên Chung
141. 141.The Red Sand Battle
142. 142.Further Fighting
143. 143.Thousand-li Eye and Favourable-wind Ear
144. 144.How the Brothers were Defeated
145. 145.Celestial Ministries
146. 146.Protectors of the People
147. 147.The Ch’êng-huang
148. 148.The Kitchen-god
149. 149.Ts’an Nü
150. 150.The God of Happiness
151. 151.The God of Wealth
152. 152.The God of Longevity
153. 153.The Door-gods
154. 154.Chinese Polytheism
155. 155.Chapter V — Myths of the Stars
156. 156.Astrological Superstitions
157. 157.Various Star-gods
158. 158.Shooting the Heavenly Dog
159. 159.The Sun-king
160. 160.The Steep Summit
161. 161.The Divine Archer
162. 162.Vanquishes the Wind-spirit
163. 163.Dispels the Nine False Suns
164. 164.Marries the Sister of the Water-spirit
165. 165.Slays Various Dangerous Creatures
166. 166.Builds a Palace for Chin Mu
167. 167.Kills Chisel-tooth
168. 168.Hêng Ô flies to the Moon
169. 169.The Sun-palace and the Bird of Dawn
170. 170.Shên I visits the Moon
171. 171.Star-worship
172. 172.The Herdsman and the Weaver-girl
173. 173.The Twenty-eight Constellations
174. 174.A Victim of Ta Chi
175. 175.Myths of Time
176. 176.The Planet Jupiter
177. 177.Legend of T’ai Sui
178. 178.Worship of T’ai Sui
179. 179.Chapter VI — Myths of Thunder, Lightning, Wind, and Rain
180. 180.The Ministry of Thunder and Storms
181. 181.The President of the Ministry of Thunder
182. 182.The Duke of Thunder
183. 183.Lei Kung in the Tree
184. 184.The Mysterious Bottle
185. 185.Lei Chên-tzŭ
186. 186.The Mother of Lightning
187. 187.The Origin of the Spirit of Lightning
188. 188.The God of the Wind
189. 189.The Master of Rain
190. 190.The One-legged Bird
191. 191.Ma Yüan-shuai
192. 192.Chapter VII — Myths of the Waters
193. 193.The Dragons
194. 194.The Dragon-kings
195. 195.The Foolish Dragon
196. 196.The Ministry of Waters
197. 197.An Unauthorized Portrait
198. 198.The Shipwrecked Servant
199. 199.A Battle and its Results
200. 200.The Dragon in the Pond
201. 201.The Spirits of the Well
202. 202.The Dragon-king’s Daughter
203. 203.Golden Dragon Great Prince
204. 204.The Old Mother of the Waters
205. 205.The Magic Vermicelli
206. 206.Hsü, the Dragon-slayer
207. 207.The Spiritual Alligator
208. 208.The Great Flood
209. 209.The Marriage of the River-god
210. 210.Legend of the Building of Peking
211. 211.Chu-ti
212. 212.The Sealed Packet
213. 213.A Desolate Region
214. 214.The Prince opens the Sealed Packet
215. 215.The City is Founded
216. 216.General Prosperity
217. 217.A Drought and its Cause
218. 218.The Prince’s Dream
219. 219.The Pursuit of the Dragons
220. 220.An Unexpected Flood
221. 221.The Waters Subside
222. 222.The Origin of Chên-shui T’a
223. 223.Chapter VIII — Myths of Fire
224. 224.The Ministry of Fire
225. 225.A Conflagration
226. 226.C’ih Ching-tzŭ
227. 227.The Red Emperor
228. 228.Hui Lu
229. 229.The Fire-emperor
230. 230.Chapter IX — Myths of Epidemics, Medicine, Exorcism, Etc.
231. 231.The Ministry of Epidemics
232. 232.The President of the Ministry
233. 233.The Plague-disseminating Umbrellas
234. 234.The Five Graduates
235. 235.The Emperors Strategy
236. 236.The Musicians are Slain
237. 237.The Emperor Tormented
238. 238.The Graduates Canonized
239. 239.The Ministry of Medicine
240. 240.The Medicine-gods
241. 241.The Ministry of Exorcism
242. 242.The Exorcism of ‘Emptiness and Devastation’
243. 243.Chapter X — The Goddess of Mercy
244. 244.The Guardian Angel of Buddhism
245. 245.The Buddhist Saviour
246. 246.Miao Chuang desires an Heir
247. 247.Prayers to the Gods
248. 248.The Murder of the Tais
249. 249.A Message for Yü Huang
250. 250.Birth of the Three Daughters
251. 251.Miao Shan’s Ambition
252. 252.Her Sisters Marry
253. 253.Miao Shan’s Renunciation
254. 254.She is Exiled to the Garden
255. 255.The Nunnery of the White Bird
256. 256.Her Reception at the Nunnery
257. 257.She makes Offering to the Buddha
258. 258.Spiritual Aid
259. 259.The Nunnery on Fire
260. 260.The Execution of Miao Shan
261. 261.Miao Shan visits the Infernal Regions
262. 262.Hell a Paradise
263. 263.A Test of Virtue
264. 264.Miao Shan attains to Perfection
265. 265.A Ruse
266. 266.The Transformation of Shan Ts’ai
267. 267.‘Brother and Sister’
268. 268.The King’s Punishment
269. 269.The Disguised Priest-doctor
270. 270.Strange Medicine
271. 271.A Conspiracy that Failed
272. 272.A Confession and its Results
273. 273.The Gruesome Remedy
274. 274.Half-measures
275. 275.The King Cured
276. 276.The King’s Daughter
277. 277.The King and Queen taken Prisoners
278. 278.The King’s Repentance
279. 279.Sackcloth and Ashes
280. 280.The King renounces the Throne
281. 281.Pardon of the Green Lion and the White Elephant
282. 282.Miao Shan becomes a Buddha
283. 283.Chapter XI — The Eight Immortals
284. 284.Pa Hsien
285. 285.Li T’ieh-kuai
286. 286.Chung-li Ch’üan
287. 287.Lan Ts’ai-ho
288. 288.Chang Kuo
289. 289.Ho Hsien Ku
290. 290.Lü Tung-pin
291. 291.Han Hsiang Tzŭ
292. 292.Ts’ao Kuo-chiu
293. 293.Pa Hsien Kuo Hai
294. 294.Chapter XII — The Guardian of the Gate of Heaven
295. 295.Li, the Pagoda-bearer
296. 296.An Avatar of the Intelligent Pearl
297. 297.A Precocious Youth
298. 298.The Slaying of the Dragon-king’s Son
299. 299.An Unruly Son
300. 300.Drastic Measures
301. 301.No-cha draws a Bow at a Venture
302. 302.Another Encounter
303. 303.No-cha commits Hara-Kiri
304. 304.A Habitation for the Soul
305. 305.Li Ching destroys his Son’s Statue
306. 306.No-cha consults his Master
307. 307.A New No-cha
308. 308.A Battle between Father and Son
309. 309.Peace at the Last
310. 310.Chapter XIII — A Battle of the Gods
311. 311.Multifarious Versatile Divinities
312. 312.Chun T’i
313. 313.The One-eyed Peacock
314. 314.Arrangements for the Siege
315. 315.Impediments
316. 316.Offence and Defence
317. 317.Attempts at Revenge
318. 318.The Golden-bearded Turtle
319. 319.The Battle Won
320. 320.Buddhahood
321. 321.Chapter XIV — How the Monkey Became a God
322. 322.The Hsi Yu Chi
323. 323.Legend of Sun Hou-tzŭ
324. 324.A Rod of Iron
325. 325.Grand Master of the Heavenly Stables
326. 326.Grand Superintendent of the Heavenly Peach-garden
327. 327.Double Immortality
328. 328.Sun Hou-tzŭ Captured
329. 329.Sun escapes from Lao Chün’s Furnace
330. 330.Broad-jump Competition
331. 331.Conditions of Release
332. 332.Sha Ho-shang
333. 333.Sha Ho-shang becomes Baggage-coolie
334. 334.Chu Pa-chieh
335. 335.Hsüan Chuang, the Master
336. 336.The Released Carp
337. 337.The Chuang Yüan Murdered
338. 338.Hsüan Chuang finds his Grandmother
339. 339.The Murderer Executed
340. 340.The Carp’s Gratitude
341. 341.Pai Ma, the White Horse
342. 342.Perils by the Way
343. 343.The Grove of Cypress-trees
344. 344.A Proposal of Marriage
345. 345.Blind Man’s Buff
346. 346.The Lotus Cave
347. 347.The Monkey under the Mountain
348. 348.The Magic Gourd
349. 349.The Magic Rope
350. 350.The Master Rescued
351. 351.The Red Child Demon
352. 352.A Prospective Feast
353. 353.The Generals Tricked
354. 354.The Demons of Blackwater River
355. 355.The Slow-carts Country
356. 356.Restraints on Freedom
357. 357.Immortal for Suffering
358. 358.The Saviour of the Buddhists
359. 359.Anger of the Buddhist Priests
360. 360.Sun bestows Talismans
361. 361.The Magic Circle
362. 362.Help from Ju Lai
363. 363.The Fire-quenching Fan
364. 364.The Power of the Magic Fan
365. 365.Defeat of the Ox-demon
366. 366.The Lovely Women
367. 367.An Awkward Predicament
368. 368.How the Master was Rescued
369. 369.The Spiders and the Extinguisher
370. 370.Shaving a Whole City
371. 371.The Return to China
372. 372.The Travellers Honoured
373. 373.Chapter XV — Fox Legends
374. 374.The Fox
375. 375.Fox Legends
376. 376.Friendship with Foxes
377. 377.The Marriage Lottery
378. 378.The Magnanimous Girl
379. 379.The Boon-companion
380. 380.The Alchemist 9
381. 381.Chapter XVI — Miscellaneous Legends
382. 382.The Unnatural People
383. 383.The Pygmies
384. 384.The Giants
385. 385.The Headless People
386. 386.The Armless People
387. 387.The Long-armed and Long-legged People
388. 388.The One-eyed People and Others
389. 389.The Feathered People, etc.
390. 390.The People of the Punctured Bodies
391. 391.The Women’s Kingdom
392. 392.The Land of the Flying Cart
393. 393.The Expectant Wife
394. 394.The Wild Men
395. 395.The Jointed Snake
396. 396.The Casting of the Great Bell
397. 397.The Cursed Temple
398. 398.The Maniac’s Mite
399. 399.The City-god of Yen Ch’êng
400. 400.The Origin of a Lake
401. 401.Miao Creation Legends
402. 402.The Dream of the South Branch
403. 403.Ch’un-yü Fên enters the Locust-tree
404. 404.He marries the King’s Daughter
405. 405.He writes to his Father
406. 406.He takes Office
407. 407.He meets with Disasters
408. 408.He returns Home
409. 409.Ch’un-yü Regenerate
410. 410.Why the Jung Tribe have Heads of Dogs
411. 411.Two Tribes at War
412. 412.The Chief’s Promise
413. 413.A Strange Contract
414. 414.The Chiefs Curiosity
415. 415.The Origin of a Custom
416. 416.And of a Worship
417. 417.Conclusion — Glossary & Index
418. 418.The Pronunciation of Chinese Words
419. 419.Sound
420. 420.Tone
421. 421.Rhythm
422. 422.A
423. 423.B
424. 424.C
425. 425.D
426. 426.E
427. 427.F
428. 428.G
429. 429.H
430. 430.I
431. 431.J
432. 432.K
433. 433.L
434. 434.M
435. 435.N
436. 436.O
437. 437.P
438. 438.Q
439. 439.R
440. 440.S
441. 441.T
442. 442.U
443. 443.V
444. 444.W
445. 445.Y — Uniform with this Volume

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