Men and Measures

About this eBook

Author

Nicholson, Edward

Credits

Produced by deaurider and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

QC: Science: Physics

Subject

Weights and measures -- History

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 56290

Release Date

January 2, 2018

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.MEN AND MEASURES
2. 2.ERRATA.
3. 3.PREFACE
4. 4.TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. 5.CHAPTER I GENERAL VIEW
6. 6.CHAPTER II THE STORY OF THE CUBITS — 1. The Egyptian Common, or Olympic Cubit — The Meridian Mile — Greek Itinerary Measures — The Roman Mile — 2. The Egyptian Royal Cubit ( c. 4000 B.C. ) — 3. The Great Assyrian or Persian Cubit ( c. 700 B.C. ) — 4. The Beládi Cubit ( c. 300 B.C. ) — The Bereh or Equatorial Land-mile. — 5. The Black Cubit ( Ninth Century )
7. 7.CHAPTER III THE STORY OF THE TALENTS — 1. The Alexandrian Talent — The Medimnos. — 2. The Lesser Alexandrian or Ptolemaïc Talent — 3. The Greek-Asiatic Talent — The Metretes — 4. Roman Weights and Measures of Capacity — The New Roman Pound — 5. The Olympic Talent — 6. Greek Coin-weights — 7. The Arabic Talent — Measures of Capacity derived from Arabic Linear Measures
8. 8.CHAPTER IV THE INVOLUTION OF LINEAR MEASURES FROM WEIGHTS — The Sources of the English and of the Rhineland Foot — 1. The English Foot — 2. The Rhineland Foot — 3. The Pán of Marseilles — 4. The Filiation of the English Foot, of the Rhineland Foot, and of the Marseilles Pan
9. 9.CHAPTER V ENGLISH LINEAR MEASURES — 1. The Yard, the Foot, the Inch — 2. Standards of the Linear Measures — 3. The Hand — 4. The Ell — 5. The Rod, Furlong, Mile, and League — The League
10. 10.CHAPTER VI LAND-MEASURES — 1. Introduction — 2. Evolution of Geometric Land-measures — 3. English Land-measures — 4. Feudal Land-Measures — 5. Terms used in Land-measures — 6. The Yard and the Verge — 7. How the Rod came to be 5-1/2 Yards — 8. How the Acre came to be 160 Rods — 9. Customs of Lancaster — 10. Seed-measures of Land
11. 11.CHAPTER VII ENGLISH COMMERCIAL WEIGHTS — I. The Story of Averdepois — The Recognition of Averdepois Weight — 2. The Imperial Pound — The Dram — 3. Scientific and Medicinal Divisions of the Pound — 4. The Long Hundredweight — 5. Wool and Lead Weight — Wool Weight — Lead Weight — 6. Trade-units of Weight
12. 12.CHAPTER VIII ENGLISH MEASURES OF CAPACITY — I. The Old Wine Measures — Cask Measures — 2. The Ale-gallon — The Quart and Pint — 3. Corn Measure — 4. The Quarter and the Chaldron — 5. Coal Measure — Heaped Measure — 6. The Imperial Gallon — Fluid Measures — 7. Medicinal Fluid Measures
13. 13.CHAPTER IX THE MINT-POUNDS — 1. The Saxon or Tower Pound — 2. The Troy Pound — Whence came the Troy Pound? — How the Averdepois Pound was of 7000 Grains. — 3. The Pride and Fall of Troy — The Assize of Bread — The Disappearance of the Troy Pound
14. 14.CHAPTER X THE CUBIC FOOT AND THE TON REGISTER — The Ton Register
15. 15.CHAPTER XI SCOTS, IRISH, AND WELSH MEASURES AND WEIGHTS — 1. Scotland — Linear Measures — Weights — Measures of Capacity — 2. Ireland — 3. Wales
16. 16.CHAPTER XII MEASURES AND WEIGHTS OF SOME BRITISH DOMINIONS — 1. The Channel Islands — Linear and Land Measures — Measures of Capacity — Wine-Measures — Weights — 2. South Africa (Cape Colony) — 3. India — Weights — Capacity — 4. Burma and the Straits — 5. Canada and Mauritius — Canada — Mauritius
17. 17.CHAPTER XIII MEASURES OF VALUE — 1. English Money — Gold Coins — 2. Guernsey Currency — 3. Indian Money — Indian Gold Coinage — 4. Decimal Currency
18. 18.CHAPTER XIV MEASURES OF TIME — The Lunar Year — The Compass Card
19. 19.CHAPTER XV MEASURES OF HEAT AND OF DENSITY AND COMPOUND INDUSTRIAL UNITS — 1. Measures of Heat — Thermometric Scales — 2. Measures of Density — Compound Industrial Units
20. 20.CHAPTER XVI THE ELLS — 1. The Foot-Ells — 2. The Span-Ells
21. 21.CHAPTER XVII FOREIGN LINEAR MEASURES — I. The Teutonic Countries — Sweden — Denmark and Norway — Austria — 2. The Latin Countries — Italy — Spain — Portugal — 3. Russia and the East — Russia — Turkey — Egypt — Persia — Roumania — Greece — Tunis, Tripoli, Algeria — 4. The Hashími Cubit — 5. The Halebi Pík or Arshīn — Note of Acknowledgment
22. 22.CHAPTER XVIII FOREIGN WEIGHTS — 1. Teutonic Systems of Weight — 2. East-European Systems of Weight — 3. The Mediterranean Systems of Weight — Egypt — Turkey — The Libbra and the Rottolo — SUMMARY
23. 23.CHAPTER XIX FOREIGN MEASURES OF CAPACITY — 1. The Teutonic System — 2. The Mediterranean System — Turkey — Italy — 3. Hebrew Weights and Measures of Capacity
24. 24.CHAPTER XX THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEANING IN THE NAMES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES — 1. General Remarks — 2. The Nail and the Clove; the Inch and the Ounce — 3. The Carat and the Grain — ( A ) The Carat — The Refiner’s Carat — ( B ) The Grain — 4. The Tun and the Fother
25. 25.CHAPTER XXI THE OLD MEASURES AND WEIGHTS OF FRANCE — 1. The Southern System — Land-measures — Measures of Capacity — Weights — 2. The Northern System — Measures of Length — Measures of Distance — Land-measures — Weight — Value — Measures of Capacity — Remarks on the French Measures of Capacity
26. 26.CHAPTER XXII THE METRIC SYSTEM — Length — Surface — Solidity — Capacity — Weight — Money — Temperature — Metric Measures of Time
27. 27.CHAPTER XXIII HOW THE METRIC SYSTEM WORKS IN FRANCE — How far the French have adopted the Metric System.
28. 28.CHAPTER XXIV THE CONFLICT OF THE IMPERIAL AND METRIC SYSTEMS — 1. General View of the Imperial System — 2. The Propaganda of the Metric System — 3. The Reform of the Metric System — Envoi
29. 29.INDEX

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