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Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence

by Sir John W. Salmond

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Language: English

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About this eBook

Author
Salmond, John W. (John William), Sir, 1862-1924
Original Publication
United Kingdom: Stevens and Haynes, 1913.
Credits
Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
Language
English
LoC Class
K: Law in general, Comparative and uniform law, Jurisprudence
Subject
Jurisprudence
Category
Text
Project Gutenberg
eBook-No. 71297
Release Date
July 30, 2023
Copyright
Public domain in the USA.

Contents

  1. 1.JURISPRUDENCE
  2. 2.PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
  3. 3.PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION
  4. 4.CONTENTS — CHAPTER I. THE SCIENCE OF JURISPRUDENCE. — § 1. Jurisprudence as the Science of Law. — § 2. Jurisprudence as the Science of Civil Law. — § 3. Theoretical Jurisprudence. — § 4. English and Foreign Jurisprudence.
  5. 5.CHAPTER II. CIVIL LAW. — § 5. The Definition of Law. — § 6. The Administration of Justice. — § 7. Law Logically Subsequent to the Administration of Justice. — § 8. Law and Fact. — § 9. The Justification of the Law. — § 10. The Defects of the Law. — § 11. General and Special Law. — § 12. Common Law. — § 13. Law and Equity.
  6. 6.CHAPTER III. OTHER KINDS OF LAW. — § 14. Law in General—A Rule of Action. — § 15. Physical or Scientific Law. — § 16. Natural or Moral Law. — The Jus Gentium of the Roman Lawyers. — § 17. Imperative Law. — § 18. Conventional Law. — § 19. Customary Law. — § 20. Practical Law. — § 21. International Law. — § 22. The Law of Nations as Natural Law. — § 23. The Law of Nations as Customary Law. — § 24. The Law of Nations as Imperative Law.
  7. 7.CHAPTER IV. THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE — § 25. Necessity of the Administration of Justice. — § 26. Origin of the Administration of Justice. — § 27. Civil and Criminal Justice. — § 28. The Purposes of Criminal Justice; Deterrent Punishment. — § 29. Preventive Punishment. — § 30. Reformative Punishment. — § 31. Retributive Punishment. — § 32. Civil Justice; Primary and Sanctioning Rights. — § 33. A Table of Legal Remedies. — § 34. Penal and Remedial Proceedings. — § 35. Secondary Functions of Courts of Law. — SUMMARY.
  8. 8.CHAPTER V. THE STATE. — § 36. The Nature and Essential Functions of the State. — § 37. Secondary Functions of the State. — § 38. The Territory of the State. — § 39. The Membership of the State. — § 40. The Constitution of the State. — § 41. The Government of the State. — § 42. Independent and Dependent States. — § 43. Unitary and Composite States. — SUMMARY
  9. 9.CHAPTER VI. THE SOURCES OF LAW. — § 44. Formal and Material Sources. — § 45. Legal and Historical Sources. — § 46. A List of Legal Sources. — § 47. The Sources of Law as Constitutive and Abrogative. — § 48. Sources of Law and Sources of Rights. — § 49. Ultimate Legal Principles. — SUMMARY.
  10. 10.CHAPTER VII. LEGISLATION. — § 50. The Nature of Legislation. — § 51. Supreme and Subordinate Legislation. — § 52. Relation of Legislation to other Sources. — § 53. Codification. — § 54. The Interpretation of Enacted Law. — SUMMARY.
  11. 11.CHAPTER VIII. CUSTOM. — § 55. The Early Importance of Customary Law. — § 56. Reasons for the Reception of Customary Law. — § 57. The Requisites of a Valid Custom. — § 58. Conventional Custom. — § 59. Theories of Customary Law. — § 60. Custom and Prescription. — SUMMARY.
  12. 12.CHAPTER IX. PRECEDENT. — § 61. The Authority of Precedents. — § 62. Declaratory and Original Precedents. — § 63. Authoritative and Persuasive Precedents. — § 64. The Absolute and Conditional Authority of Precedents. — § 65. The Disregard of a Precedent. — § 66. Precedents Constitutive, not Abrogative. — § 67. Grounds of the Authority of Precedents. — § 68. The Sources of Judicial Principles. — § 69. Respective Functions of Judges and Juries. — SUMMARY.
  13. 13.CHAPTER X. LEGAL RIGHTS. — § 70. Wrongs. — § 71. Duties. — § 72. Rights. — § 73. The Elements of a Legal Right. — § 74. Legal Rights in a wider sense of the term. — § 75. Liberties. — § 76. Powers. — § 77. Duties, Disabilities, and Liabilities. — SUMMARY.
  14. 14.CHAPTER XI. THE KINDS OF LEGAL RIGHTS. — § 78. Perfect and Imperfect Rights. — § 79. The Legal Nature of Rights against the State. — § 80. Positive and Negative Rights. — § 81. Real and Personal Rights. — § 82. Proprietary and Personal Rights. — § 83. Rights in re propria and Rights in re aliena . — § 84. Principal and Accessory Rights. — § 85. Legal and Equitable Rights. — SUMMARY.
  15. 15.CHAPTER XII. OWNERSHIP. — § 86. The Definition of Ownership. — § 87. Corporeal and Incorporeal Ownership. — § 88. Corporeal and Incorporeal Things. — § 89. Sole Ownership and Co-ownership. — § 90. Trust and Beneficial Ownership. — § 91. Legal and Equitable Ownership. — § 92. Vested and Contingent Ownership. — SUMMARY.
  16. 16.CHAPTER XIII. POSSESSION. — § 93. Introduction. — § 94. Possession in Fact and in Law. — § 95. Corporeal and Incorporeal Possession. — § 96. Corporeal Possession. — § 97. The Animus Possidendi. — § 98. The Corpus of Possession. — § 99. The Relation of the Possessor to other Persons. — § 100. Relation of the Possessor to the Thing Possessed.
  17. 17.CHAPTER XIV. POSSESSION ( Continued ). — § 101. Immediate and Mediate Possession. — § 102. Concurrent Possession. — § 103. The Acquisition of Possession. — § 104. Possession not essentially the Physical Power of Exclusion. — § 105. Incorporeal Possession. — § 106. Relation between Possession and Ownership. — § 107. Possessory Remedies. — SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS XIII. AND XIV.
  18. 18.CHAPTER XV. PERSONS. — § 108. The Nature of Personality. — § 109. The Legal Status of the Lower Animals. — § 110. The Legal Status of Dead Men. — § 111. The Legal Status of Unborn Persons. — § 112. Double Personality. — § 113. Legal Persons. — § 114. Corporations. — § 115. The Agents, Beneficiaries, and Members of a Corporation. — § 110 The Acts and Liabilities of a Corporation. — § 117. The Uses and Purposes of Incorporation. — § 118. The Creation and Extinction of Corporations. — § 119. The State as a Corporation. — SUMMARY.
  19. 19.CHAPTER XVI. TITLES. — § 120. Vestitive Facts. — § 121. Acts in the Law. — § 122. Agreements. — § 123. The Classes of Agreements. — § 124. Void and Voidable Agreements. — SUMMARY
  20. 20.CHAPTER XVII. LIABILITY. — § 125. The Nature and Kinds of Liability. — § 126. The Theory of Remedial Liability. — § 127. The Theory of Penal Liability. — § 128. Acts. — § 129. Two Classes of Wrongful Acts. — § 130. Damnum sine Injuria. — § 131. The Place and Time of an Act. — § 132. Mens Rea. — SUMMARY.
  21. 21.CHAPTER XVIII INTENTION AND NEGLIGENCE. — § 133. The Nature of Intention. — § 134. Intention and Motive. — § 135. Malice. — § 136. Relevance and Irrelevance of Motives. — § 137. Criminal Attempts. — § 138. Other Exceptions to the Irrelevance of Motives. — § 139. Jus necessitatis. — § 140. Negligence. — § 141. Objection Considered. — § 142. The Standard of Care. — § 143. Degrees of Negligence. — § 144. Other Theories of Negligence. — SUMMARY.
  22. 22.CHAPTER XIX. LIABILITY ( Continued ). — § 145. Wrongs of Absolute Liability. — § 146. Mistake of Law. — § 147. Mistake of Fact. — § 148. Accident. — § 149. Vicarious Responsibility. — § 150. The Measure of Criminal Liability. — § 151. The Measure of Civil Liability. — SUMMARY.
  23. 23.CHAPTER XX. THE LAW OF PROPERTY. — § 152. Meanings of the Term Property. — § 153. Kinds of Property. — § 154. The Ownership of Material Things. — § 155. Movable and Immovable Property. — § 156. Real and Personal Property. — § 157. Rights in re propria in Immaterial Things. — § 158. Leases. — § 159. Servitudes. — § 160. Securities. — § 161. Modes of Acquisition: Possession. — § 162. Prescription. — § 163. Agreement. — § 164. Inheritance. — SUMMARY.
  24. 24.CHAPTER XXI. THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS. — § 165. The Nature of Obligations. — § 166. Solidary Obligations. — § 167. The Sources of Obligations. — § 168. Obligations arising from Contracts. — § 169. Obligations arising from Torts. — § 170. Obligations arising from Quasi-Contracts. — § 171. Innominate Obligations. — SUMMARY.
  25. 25.CHAPTER XXII. THE LAW OF PROCEDURE. — § 172. Substantive Law and the Law of Procedure. — § 173. Evidence. — § 174. The Valuation of Evidence. — § 175. The Production of Evidence. — § 176. Criticism of the Law of Evidence. — SUMMARY.
  26. 26.APPENDICES
  27. 27.APPENDIX I. THE NAMES OF THE LAW.
  28. 28.APPENDIX II. THE THEORY OF SOVEREIGNTY.
  29. 29.APPENDIX III. THE MAXIMS OF THE LAW. — 1. Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea. — 2. Adversus extraneos vitiosa possessio prodesse solet. — 3. Apices juris non sunt jura. — 4. Cessante ratione legis cessat lex ipsa. — 5. Cogitationis poenam nemo patitur. — 6. Communis error facit jus. — 7. Cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum. — 8. De minimis non curat lex. — 9. Ex nudo pacto non oritur actio. — 10. Ex turpi causa non oritur actio. — 11. Ignorantia facti excusat, ignorantia juris non excusat. — 12. Impossibilium nulla obligatio est. — 13. In jure non remota causa sed proxima spectatur. — 14. In pari causa potior est conditio possidentis. — 15. In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis. — 16. Inter arma leges silent. — 17. Invito beneficium non datur. — 18. Juris praecepta sunt haec: honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere. — 19. Jus publicum privatorum pactis mutari non potest. — 20. Modus et conventio vincunt legem. — 21. Necessitas non habet legem. — 22. Neminem oportet legibus esse sapientiorem. — 23. Nemo plus juris ad alium transferre potest, quam ipse haberet. — 24. Nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare. — 25. Nemo dat qui non habet. — 26. Non omne quod licet honestum est. — 27. Nullus videtur dolo facere, qui suo jure utitur. — 28. Qui facit per alium, facit per se. — 29. Qui prior est tempore potior est jure. — 30. Quod fieri non debet, factum valet. — 31. Res judicata pro veritate accipitur. — 32. Respondeat superior. — 33. Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas. — 34. Summum jus summa injuria. — 35. Superficies solo cedit. — 36. Ubi eadem ratio, ibi idem jus. — 37. Ubi jus ibi remedium. — 38. Vigilantibus non dormientibus jura subveniunt. — 39. Volenti non fit injuria.
  30. 30.APPENDIX IV. THE DIVISIONS OF THE LAW. — 1. The Introductory Portion of the Law. — 2. Private and Public Law. — 3. Civil and Criminal Law. — 4. Substantive Law and the Law of Procedure. — 5. Divisions of the Substantive Civil Law. — 6. The Law of Property. — 7. The Law of Obligations. — 8. The Law of Status. — SUMMARY. THE DIVISIONS OF THE LAW.
  31. 31.APPENDIX V. THE LITERATURE OF JURISPRUDENCE.
  32. 32.INDEX

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