Early Man in the New World (Revised Edition)

About this eBook

Author

Hester, Joseph A.

Title

Early Man in the New World

Credits

Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, MFR and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net

Language

English

LoC Class

E011: History: America: America

Subject

Paleo-Indians

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 55434

Release Date

August 26, 2017

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.EARLY MAN IN THE NEW WORLD
2. 2.FOREWORD
3. 3.PREFACE
4. 4.CONTENTS
5. 5.ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, AND TABLES — EARLY MAN IN THE NEW WORLD
6. 6.A NOTE ON NOTES
7. 7.1 THIS SUDDEN NEW WORLD — A Secret Laboratory of Culture — Time-Tests by Travel, Tongues, and Physiques — From the Old Stone Age to the New — From Tools and Bones, Fossils and Rocks
8. 8.2 THE ROAD OF EARLY MAN — How New Was the New World? — A Passage from Asia to North America — Men Out of Asia—and All the Continents — Bering Strait—Freeway to the New World — Three Roads to the South—with One Detour — Problematical Roads to the New World — Ware Dogma!
9. 9.3 THE DEAD HAND OF THE AGES — Conflicts and Confusions — The Problem of the Ages — The Bronze Age—a Phantasm — Wood, Bone, and Shell Ages — Dividing the Stone Age—the Old and the New — Activities of the New Stone Age — Agriculture—Test of the Neolithic — First a Food Gatherer, Then a Hunter
10. 10.4 THE GREAT ICE AGE — Our Part of the Geologic Time Scale — The Glacial Hypothesis Appears — The End of the Great Ice Age — River Terraces and Beach Lines — The Cause of Glaciation
11. 11.5 EARLY MAN IN THE OLD WORLD — Archaeology, a New Science — Mortillet’s Cramping Classification — Enter the Eolith — Flake vs. Core Industries — Dating Early Man in Europe — True Tools—Deceptive Skulls — Ancestors from Heidelberg and Swanscombe? — Putting the Neanderthal in His Place — Ancient Man in Java and China — “Giant Ape”—a Mythical Ancestor? — “Java” Men in Africa and Europe? — Man-Apes or Ape-Men in Africa — The Progressive Neanderthal — Radiocarbon Dates for the Mousterian — Homo sapiens— New or Old? — Solutrean Flint Workers Invade Europe — Weapons and Tools—from Hand Ax to Arrowhead — The Danger in Universal Time-Scales
12. 12.6 WHAT THE BONES HAVE TO SAY — Early Man as Adam’s Progeny — Science and Religion Embattled — Reaction, Led by Science — The Red Herring of the “Primitive Skull” — The Mystery of the Missing Bones — South America Provides the First Skulls — North American Skulls and Bones — Early Man Not Solely Mongoloid or Indian — Evidence from Middle America — New Finds in the United States
13. 13.7 THE ARTIFACTS OF EARLY MAN IN THE NEW WORLD — Artifacts from Heaven — The Folsom Point—Unique and Potent — Americans Hunted Animals Now Extinct — Two Other Folsom Sites—Clovis and Lindenmeier — Another Fine and Ancient Point — The Plainview Point — A New Point—and Sloths—in Gypsum Cave — Old Lake and River Sites — Sandia—Older Than Folsom — The Milling Stone Appears — A Paucity of Art Objects — Hand Axes in the Americas — Early Man in Mexico — From the Glacial to the Archaic — Back of 15,000 Years? — THE MORE IMPORTANT SITES OF EARLY MAN
14. 14.8 EARLY MAN AND THE GREAT EXTINCTION — A Twofold Problem — Myths and Mammoths — Archaeological Evidence of Recent Man and the Mastodon — Sloth and Camel in Dry Caves — The Folsom Bison Not Extinct? — The Mystery of Extinction — More Radiocarbon Dates for Extinct Mammals
15. 15.9 PYGMIES, AUSTRALOIDS, AND NEGROIDS—BEFORE INDIANS? — The Mythical Indian Race — Racial Definition—the Field of the Physical Anthropologist — The Cephalic Index—and Others — What Skull Measurements Tell Us About Early Man — Europe Recognizes the Australoid in America — Hooton and Dixon on Early Invaders — A Potpourri of Races — Pygmies Before Australoids in the New World? — Australoids, Negroids, and Men from Europe — No Mongoloids till 300 B.C. — Siberian Caucasoids
16. 16.10 DID THE INDIAN INVENT OR BORROW HIS CULTURE? — Diffusion vs. Independent Invention — Bastian’s “Psychic Unity” — Complexity an Argument for Diffusion — Dispersion as Well as Diffusion — The Trap of Time — Escape from the Trap — Dead Alexander Invades America — Independent Inventions Neither Parallel Nor Diffused — What Diffusion of Plants and Art?
17. 17.11 THE INDIAN IN AGRICULTURE — Inventions—Some New, Some Old — NEW WORLD PLANTS AND PRODUCTS — American Plants and Their Cultivation — When and Where Did Our Agriculture Begin? — The Indian’s Accomplishment in Agriculture — How Old Is Corn?
18. 18.12 PUZZLES, PROBLEMS, AND HALF-ANSWERS — The Pendulum Swings — The Puzzle of the Skulls — The Puzzle of the Querns — The Puzzle of the Points — Was Our Early Man a Solutrean? — Or Was the American Aurignacian or Magdalenian? — Chopping Tools Instead of Hand Axes in Asia — Spinden’s Neolithic Blockade — Was the First Migration Interglacial? — Geological Evidence and the Pluvials — In Sum
19. 19.REFERENCES IN THE TEXT — Chapter 1 — Chapter 2 — Chapter 3 — Chapter 4 — Chapter 5 — Chapter 6 — Chapter 7 — Chapter 8 — Chapter 9 — Chapter 10 — Chapter 11 — Chapter 12
20. 20.REFERENCES AS TO ILLUSTRATIONS
21. 21.INDEX — THE NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY — EARLY MAN IN THE NEW WORLD
22. 22.Transcriber’s Notes

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