Criminality and Economic Conditions

About this eBook

Author

Bonger, Willem Adriaan, 1876-1940

Title

Criminality and economic conditions

Original Publication

United Kingdom: William Heinemann, 1916.

Credits

Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

HV: Social sciences: Social pathology, Social and Public Welfare

Subject

Crime -- Economic aspects

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 71282

Release Date

July 28, 2023

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.Untitled
2. 2.CONTENTS
3. 3.GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE MODERN CRIMINAL SCIENCE SERIES. — Committee on Translations.
4. 4.EDITORIAL PREFACE TO THE PRESENT VOLUME.
5. 5.INTRODUCTION TO THIS VOLUME.
6. 6.TRANSLATOR’S NOTE.
7. 7.CRIMINALITY AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
8. 8.PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
9. 9.THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL EDITION.
10. 10.INTRODUCTION.
11. 11.CRITICAL EXPOSITION OF THE LITERATURE DEALING WITH THE RELATION BETWEEN CRIMINALITY AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.
12. 12.AUTHORS WHO TREATED THE SUBJECT BEFORE THE BIRTH OF MODERN CRIMINAL SCIENCE. — I. — Thomas More. 1 — II. — Jean Meslier. 3 — III. — J. J. Rousseau. — IV. — Morelly. — V. — C. Beccaria. — VI. — S. N. H. Linguet. — VII. — P. H. D. d’Holbach. — VIII. — G. B. de Mably. — IX. — J. P. Brissot de Warville. — X. — W. Godwin. — XI. — R. Owen. 24 — XII. — E. Cabet. — XIII. — F. Engels.
13. 13.THE STATISTICIANS. — I. — A. M. Guerry. — II. — Ad. Quetelet. — III. — Edw. Ducpetiaux. — IV. — L. M. Moreau-Christophe. 8 — V. — G. Mayr. — Bavaria. 12 — England and Wales. — Number and Kind of Cases Tried by Jury. — Total Offenses Tried by Jury, and Offenses not Specified. — Number of Persons against whom Action was Brought for Abandonment. — Violations of the Vagrant Act to 100,000 of the Population. — France. — VI. — A. Corne. 15 — VII. — H. Von Valentini. — VIII. — A. Von Oettingen. 27 — Percentage. — Saxony. — Bavaria. — IX. — H. Stursberg. — X. — L. Fuld. — England. — France. — England. — Prussia. — XI. — B. Weisz. 31 — France. — Belgium. — England. — XII. — W. Starke. 32 — Education ( Men and Boys over 10 ). — XIII. — Rettich. 36 — XIV. — A. Meyer. — XV. — M. Tugan-Baranowsky. — XVI. — E. Tarnowsky . 45 — XVII. — H. Müller. — Prussia, 1854–1878. New Cases to 100,000 of the Population. — Prussia, 1882–1895. Persons Convicted to 100,000 Inhabitants over 12 Years. — Prussia, 1854–1878. New Cases to 100,000 of the Population. — Prussia, 1882–1896. Persons Convicted to 100,000 Inhabitants over 12 Years. — a. 1854–1878. New Cases to 100,000 Inhabitants. — b. 1882–1895. Persons Convicted to 100,000 Inhabitants over 12 Years. — a. 1854–1878. New Cases. — b. 1882–1896. Persons Convicted. — XVIII. — Criticism.
14. 14.THE ITALIAN SCHOOL. 1 — I. — C. Lombroso. — ( Indictments. Average to 100,000 Population, 1887–89. ) — II. — R. Garofalo. — III. — E. Ferri. — ANTHROPOLOGICAL FACTORS. — PHYSICAL FACTORS . — Number of Persons Arraigned to 100,000 of Each Class (France). — IV. — H. Kurella. — V. — E. Fornasari di Verce. 47 — VI. — A. Niceforo.
15. 15.THE FRENCH SCHOOL (THE SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT). — I. — A. Lacassagne. — II. — G. Tarde. — III. — A. Corre. — IV. — L. Manouvrier. — V. — A. Baer.
16. 16.THE BIO-SOCIOLOGISTS. — I. — Ad. Prins. — II. — W. D. Morrison. — III. — F. Von Liszt. — IV. — P. Näcke. 16 — V. — Havelock Ellis. 22 — VI. — Carroll D. Wright.
17. 17.THE SPIRITUALISTS. 1 — I. — H. Joly. — II. — L. Proal. 10 — III. — M. de Baets. 13 — IV. — Criticism. — Netherlands, 1901–1909.
18. 18.THE THIRD SCHOOL 1 AND THE SOCIALISTS. — I. — F. Turati. — II. — B. Battaglia. — III. — N. Colajanni. — IV. — A. Bebel. — V. — P. Lafargue. — VI. — H. Denis. — VII. — H. Lux. 25 — Germany. 27 — Hungary. — VIII. — P. Hirsch.
19. 19.CONCLUSIONS.
20. 20.Part Two.
21. 21.THE PRESENT ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. — CHAPTER I. — THE PRESENT ECONOMIC SYSTEM. 1 — CHAPTER II. — SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE DIFFERENT CLASSES. — A. The Bourgeoisie. — B. The Petty Bourgeoisie. — C. The Proletariat. — D. The Lower Proletariat. 9 — To The Hundred Poor Persons Assisted (Total of 1,592,386). — CHAPTER III. — THE RELATION OF THE SEXES AND OF THE FAMILY. — A. Marriage. — B. The Family. — C. Prostitution. 84 — Prostitutes Sentenced in Cases of Summary Jurisdiction. — Prostitutes Admitted to “Lock Hospital.” — Received into an “Asylum for Girls and Women.” — Registered Prostitutes. — Registered Prostitutes. — Registered Prostitutes. — Out of a Total of 17,603 Prostitutes. — Prostitutes Not Registered. — Breslau. — Paris. — Russia. — England. — France. — Berlin, 1871–1878. — Breslau. — Russia. — Berlin, 1855. — 1873. — 1898. — England. — Breslau, 1901. 130 — Vienna. — Russia. — Paris. — England. — Italy. — Paris. — England. — Italy. — Berlin. 151 — London (1837–1854). — Manchester (1840–1855). — England. — Paris. — Paris (1878–1887). — CHAPTER IV. — ALCOHOLISM. 180 — CHAPTER V. — MILITARISM.
22. 22.CRIMINALITY. — CHAPTER I. — GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 1 — A. Definition of Crime. 2 — B. The Origin of Egoistic Acts in General. 9 — C. Egoistic Tendencies Resulting from the Present Economic System and from its Consequences. — Germany, 1882–1896. — Germany, 1882–1896. — England, 1893–1899. 67 — England, 1893–1899. — Austria, 1881–1899 (Crimes). 70 — Austria, 1882– 1899 . 72 — Belgium, 1861–1885. 73 — Court of Assizes. Accused. — Correctional Tribunals. Accused of Misdemeanors. — France, 1900. 78 — Correctional Tribunals. Persons Arraigned. — Italy, 1887–1889. 80 — Italy, 1890–1895. 81 — Italy, 1891–1895. 82 — Netherlands, 1896–1900. 84 — Netherlands, 1901–1910. 85 — Netherlands, 1896–1901. — Table I. — Table II. 90 — Table III. 91 — I. Men. — Proportion to all the occupations = 100. — II. Women. — Proportion to the Average of the 230 occupations = 100. — United States, 1890. 97 — Austria, 1881–1899. 98 — England and Wales, 1894–1900. 99 — Austria, 1899. 100 — Belgium, 1899–1901. — France, 1882–1898. 103 — Scotland. 105 — France, 1896–1900. 106 — Ireland, 1905. — Italy, 1881–1889. 108 — Italy, 1889 (Assizes). 110 — New York State, 1881–1897. 111 — Netherlands, 1865–1900. 112 — Netherlands, 1903–1905. 113 — Netherlands, 1901. — Prussia, 1894–1897. 115 — Switzerland, 1892–1896. 116 — Italy, 1887–1889 (Assizes). 119 — Italy, 1889 (Assizes). 120 — Austria, 1881–1899. 121 — Austria, 1899. 122 — Prussia, 1894–1897. 125 — Switzerland, 1892–1896. 126 — Germany, 1894–1896. 128 — Germany, 1896. 130 — England and Wales, 1894–1900. 133 — France, 1898–1900. 134 — France, 1890–1895. 135 — Italy, 1891–1895. 138 — Italy, 1891–1895. 139 — Italy, 1891–1895. 140 — Austria, 1881–1899. 142 — Hungary, 1888. 143 — Italy, 1891–1895. 144 — France, 1881–1900. 145 — Netherlands, 1899. 146 — Switzerland, 1892–1896. 147 — Germany, 1886–1890. 148 — Crimes in General. — Simple Theft. — Embezzlements. 151 — Fraudulent Bankruptcy. — Germany, 1886–1890. 159 — Crimes in General. — Simple Theft. — Procuration. — Germany, 1886–1895. 166 — Germany, 1896. 167 — England and Wales, 1893–1900. 168 — England and Wales, 1893–1894. 170 — Austria, 1899. 171 — France, 1881–1900 (Persons accused). 172 — France, 1900 (Assizes). 173 — France, 1900 (Correctional Tribunals). 174 — Italy, 1884 –1895. 175 — Italy, 1891–1895. 177 — Netherlands, 1896–1900. 179 — Netherlands, 1901. 180 — France, 1881–1890 (Assizes). 182 — 1896–1900 (Correctional Tribunals). 183 — Germany, 1897–1898. 188 — Austria, 1889–1893. 190 — Germany, 1888–1900. 193 — Percentage of Persons Convicted who were Women. — France, 1890–1895. 209 — Industrial Schools, 1891. 226 — Percentage of Persons of Illegitimate Birth. — Prussia, 1891–1900. 258 — Germany, 1882–1895. 305 — Germany, 1882–1900. 306 — Germany, 1882–1895. 307 — England and Wales, 1871–1900. 308 — Austria, 1866–1899. 310 — France, 1850–1900. 311 — Italy, 1876–1889. 313 — Netherlands, 1896–1901. 314 — England and Wales, 1894–1898. — Bavaria, 1883–1897. — France, 1881–1900. 326 — Netherlands, 1901. 328 — D. Individual Differences. — E. The Classification of Crime. — Germany, 1896–1900. 333 — England, 1881–1900. — France, 1881–1900. 334 — Italy, 1891–1895. 335 — Netherlands, 1897–1901. 336 — France, 1881–1900. 337 — Italy, 1880–1881. 338 — CHAPTER II. — ECONOMIC CRIMES. — A. Vagrancy and Mendicity. — Grand-Duchy of Baden, 1884–1891. 342 — Hesse, 1899–1900. 343 — Saxony, 1882–1887. 344 — England, 1856–1896. 346 — Hesse, 1895–1900. 350 — England, 1894–1900. 356 — Netherlands, 1896–1901. 357 — Breslau. — B. Theft and Analogous Crimes. — Germany, 1883–1892. 383 — Number of Crimes Against Property for Each Month, Reduced to an Equal Duration of 31 Days. — Germany, 1882–1911. 386 — C. Robbery and Analogous Crimes. — Italy, 1887–1889. — Number of Crimes a Day in the Different Months, on the Basis of an Average of 100 Crimes a Day throughout the Year. — Germany, 1882–1898. 442 — D. Fraudulent Bankruptcy, Adulteration of Food, and Analogous Crimes. — CHAPTER III. — SEXUAL CRIMES. — A. Adultery. — B. Rape and Indecent Assault upon Adults. — France, 1827–1869. — France, 1876–1880. — France, 1836–1880. — France, 1846–1880. — France, 1875–1884. — C. Rape and Indecent Assault upon Children. — France, 1876–1880. — France, 1876–1880. — CHAPTER IV. — CRIMES FROM VENGEANCE AND OTHER MOTIVES. — A. Crimes Committed from Vengeance. — Germany, 1883–1892. — United States. — Germany, 1893–1897. 523 — United States, 1890–1900. 526 — Italy, 1880–1883. 527 — The Netherlands, 1901. 529 — Number of Assaults Committed on Different Days. — Austria, 1896–1897. 544 — Massachusetts, 1894–1895. 549 — Norway, 1886–1889. 550 — B. Infanticide. — CHAPTER V. — POLITICAL CRIMES. — CHAPTER VI. — PATHOLOGICAL CRIMES. — CHAPTER VII. — CONCLUSIONS.
23. 23.BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED
24. 24.INDEX — A — B — C — D — E — F — G — H — I — J — K — L — M — N — O — P — R — S — T — U — V — W — Y
25. 25.Colophon — Availability — Metadata — Revision History — External References — Corrections

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