Chemistry

About this eBook

Author

Appleton, John Howard, 1844-1930

Title

Chemistry : developed by facts and principles drawn chiefly from the non-metals

Original Publication

Providence: Providence Lithograph Company, 1884.

Credits

MWS and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Language

English

LoC Class

QD: Science: Chemistry

Subject

Chemistry

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 79181

Release Date

July 25, 2026

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.CHEMISTRY:
2. 2.PREFACE.
3. 3.Untitled
4. 4.CHAPTER I. THE SCOPE OF CHEMISTRY. — The Great Number of Different Substances in the Earth. — How it Happens that there is such a Variety. — READING REFERENCES.
5. 5.CHAPTER II. THE ELEMENTARY SUBSTANCES. — Six Suggestions Conveyed by this Table. — READING REFERENCES.
6. 6.CHAPTER III. NAMES AND SYMBOLS OF ELEMENTS. — A Few Principles of Chemical Language. — Symbols used for Atoms. — READING REFERENCES.
7. 7.CHAPTER IV. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTARY SUBSTANCES. — The Meanings Associated with the Term Metal. — The Term Non-metal. — READING REFERENCES.
8. 8.CHAPTER V. COMPOUND SUBSTANCES. — Examples of Binary Compounds. — Examples of Ternary Compounds. — The Purpose of this Chapter. — READING REFERENCES.
9. 9.CHAPTER VI. THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTANCES. — The Chemical Use of the Term Mass. — The Chemical Use of the Term Molecule. — The Chemical Use of the Term Atom. — Definition of the Term Atom. — Everything Built up of Atoms. — Atoms and Molecules Manifest Chemical Affinity. — READING REFERENCES.
10. 10.CHAPTER VII. HOW CHEMICAL AFFINITY WORKS. — The Modern Atomic Theory. — READING REFERENCES.
11. 11.CHAPTER VIII. HYDROGEN. — Meaning of the Word Hydrogen. — Why Free Hydrogen is not Found in the Earth. — The Discoverer of Hydrogen. — Why Hydrogen was not Discovered Earlier. — How Hydrogen is Prepared. — The Powers and Properties Manifested by Hydrogen. — Diffusive Power of Hydrogen Gas. — The Most Interesting Chemical Property of Hydrogen. — Hydrogen Cannot Supply the Uses of Atmospheric Air. — The Uses to Which Hydrogen May be Put. — READING REFERENCES.
12. 12.CHAPTER IX. BALLOONS. — Invention of the Balloon. — The First Balloon Ascension in Paris. — French Proclamation Respecting Balloons. — Recent Use of Balloons. — The Centenary of Ballooning. — READING REFERENCES.
13. 13.CHAPTER X. CHLORINE. — How Chlorine is Obtained. — The Characteristics of Chlorine. — Chlorine and Hydrogen Combine. — Experimental Preparation of Chlorohydric Acid. — Experiments with Common Salt. — Bleaching-Powder. — READING REFERENCES.
14. 14.CHAPTER XI. BROMINE. — Distribution of Bromine. — Experimental Preparation of Bromine. — Chemical Properties of Bromine. — READING REFERENCE.
15. 15.CHAPTER XII. IODINE. — The Discovery of Iodine. — Present Sources of Iodine. — Experimental Method of Preparing Iodine. — Chemical Properties of Iodine. — Starch as a Test for Iodine. — READING REFERENCES.
16. 16.CHAPTER XIII. FLUORINE. — Properties of Fluorine. — Discovery of Fluohydric Acid. — Etching Glass by Fluohydric Acid. — Practical Application of Fluohydric Acid. — READING REFERENCES.
17. 17.CHAPTER XIV. OXYGEN. — Chemical Activity of Oxygen. — The Discovery of Oxygen. — First Method of Preparing Oxygen — Second Method of Preparing Oxygen. — The Properties of Oxygen. — Chemical Properties of Oxygen. — The Products of Combustions in Oxygen. — Compound of Oxygen with Hydrogen. — The Compound Blowpipe. — The Calcium Light. — Oxygen as Related to Combustions in General. — Oxygen as Related to Animal Respiration. — READING REFERENCES.
18. 18.CHAPTER XV. WATER. — Importance of Water to Living Beings. — Terrestrial Circulation of Water. — Water in the Solid Form. — Water as Affecting Climate. — Water as a Working Contrivance.
19. 19.CHAPTER XVI. SULPHUR. — Natural Sources of Sulphur. — Purification of Natural Sulphur Ores. — Natural Compounds of Sulphur. — Chemical Properties of Sulphur. — Sulphuretted Hydrogen. — Sulphur Dioxide.
20. 20.CHAPTER XVII. SULPHUR TRIOXIDE. — Sulphuric Acid. — Uses of Oil of Vitriol. — Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid. — READING REFERENCES.
21. 21.CHAPTER XVIII. BORON. — Sources of Borax in Nature. — READING REFERENCES.
22. 22.CHAPTER XIX. NITROGEN. — Discovery of Nitrogen. — Preparation of Nitrogen. — Properties of Nitrogen. — Compound of Nitrogen with Hydrogen. — Experiment with Ammonia. — Compounds of Nitrogen and Oxygen. — Nitric Acid.
23. 23.CHAPTER XX. THE ATMOSPHERE. — Weight of Air. — Composition of Air. — Offices of the Several Constituents of the Air. — The Air is not a Chemical Compound. — Fitness of Atmospheric Air for its Uses.
24. 24.CHAPTER XXI. EXPLOSIVES. — Gunpowder. — Fireworks. — Fulminates. — Gun-Cotton. — Nitroglycerine. — READING REFERENCES.
25. 25.CHAPTER XXII. PHOSPHORUS. — Chemical Properties of Phosphorus. — Friction Matches. — READING REFERENCE.
26. 26.CHAPTER XXIII. CARBON. — Ordinary Charcoal. — Animal Charcoal. — Lamp-Black. — Coal. — Graphite. — The Diamond. — The Cutting of Diamonds. — Other Natural Forms of Carbon. — Infusibility of Carbon. — Decolorizing Power of Carbon. — Chemical Properties of Carbon. — The Great Number of Compounds Formed by Carbon. — READING REFERENCES.
27. 27.CHAPTER XXIV. COMPOUNDS OF CARBON AND OXYGEN. — Carbon Monoxide (CO). — Carbon Dioxide (CO₂). — Experiments with Carbon Dioxide. — Effervescing Beverages.
28. 28.CHAPTER XXV. ILLUMINATING GAS. — The Manufacture of Illuminating Gas. — General Principles of the Process. — A Similar Operation on a Large Scale. — The Distillation of Coal, Chemically Considered.
29. 29.CHAPTER XXVI. SILICON.
30. 30.INDEX.
31. 31.Untitled

Community reviews

Sign in to write a review.

No reviews yet.