Chemical Warfare

About this eBook

Author

West, Clarence J. (Clarence Jay), 1886-1953

Title

Chemical warfare

Original Publication

New York: McGraw Hill, 1921.

Credits

deaurider and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Language

English

LoC Class

UG: Military science: Military engineering

Subject

Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous -- War use

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 71931

Release Date

October 22, 2023

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.CHEMICAL WARFARE
2. 2.Untitled
3. 3.PREFACE
4. 4.FOREWORD
5. 5.Untitled
6. 6.Untitled
7. 7.CHAPTER I THE HISTORY OF POISON GASES [1]
8. 8.CHAPTER II MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF GAS WARFARE — First Gas Attack — Phosgene Introduced — Allies Adopt Gas — Lachrymators — Disadvantage of Wave Attacks — Gas Shell — Projector Attacks — Stokes’ Mortar — Superpalite — Chloropicrin — Sneezing Gas — Mustard Gas — Lewisite — Camouflage Gases — Gases Used — Markings for American Shell
9. 9.CHAPTER III DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE — Administration Division — Research Division — Gas Defense Division — Edgewood Arsenal — Development Division — Proving Division — Training Division — Medical Division — Liaison Officers
10. 10.CHAPTER IV THE CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE IN FRANCE — Administrative Duties — Training — Chemical Warfare Troops — Supply — Technical — Intelligence — Medical
11. 11.CHAPTER V CHLORINE — Manufacture in the United States — Properties
12. 12.CHAPTER VI PHOSGENE — Manufacture — Properties — Protection — Shell Filling — Tactical Use — Action on Man
13. 13.CHAPTER VII LACHRYMATORS — Halogenated Ketones — German Manufacture of Bromoacetone and Bromomethylethyl ketone [17] — Halogenated Esters — Aromatic Halides — Bromobenzyl Cyanide
14. 14.CHAPTER VIII CHLOROPICRIN — Manufacture — Properties — Protection — Tactical Uses
15. 15.CHAPTER IX DICHLOROETHYLSULFIDE “MUSTARD GAS” — Historical — Preparation and Manufacture — Ethylene — Sulfur Chloride — German Method of Manufacture [19] — American Method of Manufacture — Properties — Chemical Properties — Detection — Physiological Action — Toxicity — Vesicant Action — Variation in Susceptibility of the Skin — Tactical Use of Mustard Gas
16. 16.CHAPTER X ARSENIC DERIVATIVES — Methyldichloroarsine — Diphenylchloroarsine — German Methods for Manufacturing Arsenicals [23] — Diphenylchloroarsine — Diphenylcyanoarsine — Ethyldichloroarsine — “ Lewisite ”
17. 17.CHAPTER XI CARBON MONOXIDE
18. 18.CHAPTER XII DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAS MASK — English Masks — French Masks — German Mask — American Mask — Canisters — Manufacture — Tissot Mask — 1919 Model American Mask — Canister — Special Canisters — Physiological Features of the Mask
19. 19.CHAPTER XIII ABSORBENTS [27] — Charcoal — Raw Materials [29] — A Theory of Charcoal Action — Preparation of Active Charcoal — Substitutes for Nut Charcoal — German Charcoal — Comparison of Charcoal — Soda-Lime — Composition of Regular Army Soda-Lime — Function of Different Components
20. 20.CHAPTER XIV TESTING ABSORBENTS AND GAS MASKS — Testing of Absorbents [31] — Canisters — Man Tests — Pressure Drop and Leak Detecting Apparatus — Methods of Conducting Tests — Field Tests
21. 21.CHAPTER XV OTHER DEFENSIVE MEASURES — Protective Clothing — Protective Gloves — Protective Ointments — Protection of Animals
22. 22.CHAPTER XVI SCREENING SMOKES — Properties of Smoke Cloud — Raw Materials for Smoke Clouds — Size of Smoke Particles — Measurement — Concentration of Smoke — Measurement — Apparatus for Smoke Production — Smoke Box — Smoke Candle — Smoke Grenade — Stokes’ Smoke Shell — Livens Smoke Drum — Smoke Funnel — Smoke Knapsack — Shell — Screening Tanks — Purpose of Smoke Screen — The Tactical Value of Smoke
23. 23.CHAPTER XVII TOXIC SMOKES — Penetration — Physiological Action — Quantitative Relationships — Toxic Materials — Toxic Smoke Apparatus — Toxic Smoke Candle
24. 24.CHAPTER XVIII SMOKE FILTERS — Paper Filters — Felt Filters — The 1919 Canister — A Theory of Smoke Filters — Testing Smoke Filters
25. 25.CHAPTER XIX SIGNAL SMOKES — Production of Colored Smokes — The Tactical Use of Signal Smokes
26. 26.CHAPTER XX INCENDIARY MATERIALS — Incendiary Devices — Bombs — Incendiary Darts — Incendiary Shell — Incendiary Bullets — Incendiary Hand Grenade — Trench Mortar Equipment — German Blue Pencil — Flaming Gun
27. 27.CHAPTER XXI THE PHARMACOLOGY OF WAR GASES — Toxicity — Lachrymators — Odors — Skin Irritants
28. 28.CHAPTER XXII CHEMICAL WARFARE IN RELATION TO STRATEGY AND TACTICS [43]
29. 29.CHAPTER XXIII THE OFFENSIVE USE OF GAS — What Chemical Warfare Includes — The Term “Gas” — Technical Nature — Effectiveness of Gas — Humanity of Gas — Fundamentals of Chemical Warfare — Efficiency of Irritant Gases — Material of Chemical Warfare Used by C. W. S. Troops — The Spread of Gas — Requirements of Successful Gas — Artillery Use of Gas — Guns Firing Persistent and Non-Persistent Gases — Use of Gas by the Aviation Service — Infantry and Gas Warfare — Smoke and Incendiary Materials — Flame Thrower — Inflammable Materials — Smoke Used by Everyone — Smoky Appearance of Gas Cloud — Protection by Smoke Clouds — Shell Markings
30. 30.CHAPTER XXIV DEFENSE AGAINST GAS — Earliest Protective Appliances — Design of New Masks — Protection Against Smoke — Choice of Masks for U. S. Troops — Sizes of Faces For Masks — Objections to German Type Mask — Struggle Between Mask and Gas — Design of New American Mask — Exhaustion and Malingering — Protection in War is Relative Only — Training — Holding the Breath — Psychology in Training — German Problems in Gas Training — Gas at Night — Detection of Gases — Deceptive Gases — Mustard Gas Burns — Protecting Troops by Moving Them From Infected Areas — Mixing Poisonous Gases — Destruction of Mustard Gas — Carrying Mustard Gas on Clothing — Mustard Gas in Cold Weather — Degassing Units — Protecting Food from Mustard Gas — Alarm Signals — Issuing New Masks — Tonnage and Number of Masks Required — Summing Up
31. 31.CHAPTER XXV PEACE TIME USES OF GAS
32. 32.CHAPTER XXVI THE FUTURE OF CHEMICAL WARFARE
33. 33.INDEX
34. 34.Untitled

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