Butterflies and Moths

About this eBook

Author

Furneaux, William S.

Title

Butterflies and Moths (British)

Credits

E-text prepared by Simon Gardner, Chris Curnow, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team ( www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive ( www.archive.org)

Language

English

LoC Class

QL: Science: Zoology

Subject

Moths -- Great Britain

Category

Text

eBook-No.

34131

Project Gutenberg

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/34131

Release Date

October 25, 2010

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.E-text prepared by Simon Gardner, Chris Curnow, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team ( http://www.pgdp.net ) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive ( http://www.archive.org ) — Transcriber's Note — BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (BRITISH)
2. 2.PREFACE
3. 3.CONTENTS — LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
4. 4.PART I STRUCTURE AND LIFE-HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA — CHAPTER I GENERAL CHARACTERS — CHAPTER II THE EGG — CHAPTER III THE LARVA — CHAPTER IV THE PUPA OR CHRYSALIS — CHAPTER V CLASSIFICATION OF THE LEPIDOPTERA
5. 5.PART II WORK AT HOME AND IN THE FIELD — CHAPTER VI CATCHING BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS — Catching Butterflies — Catching Moths by Day — Searching for Moths at Night. — CHAPTER VII COLLECTING OVA, LARVÆ, AND PUPÆ — Collecting Ova — Collecting Larvæ — Collecting Pupæ — CHAPTER VIII REARING LEPIDOPTERA — Management of Ova — Rearing Larvæ — The Management of Pupæ — CHAPTER IX SETTING AND PRESERVING — Setting and Preserving Butterflies and Moths — CHAPTER X PRESERVING OVA, LARVÆ AND PUPÆ — CHAPTER XI THE CABINET — ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIMENS
6. 6.PART III BRITISH BUTTERFLIES — CHAPTER XII THE SWALLOW-TAIL AND THE 'WHITES' — Family— Papilionidæ The Swallow-tail ( Papilio Machaon ) — Family— Pieridæ — The Black-veined White ( Aporia Cratægi ) — The Large White ( Pieris Brassicæ ) — The Small White ( P. Rapæ ) — The Green-veined White ( P. Napi ) — The Bath or Green-chequered White ( P. Daplidice ) — The Orange Tip ( Euchloë Cardamines ) — The Wood White ( Leucophasia Sinapis ) — The Pale Clouded Yellow ( Colias Hyale ) — The Clouded Yellow ( Colias Edusa ) — Colias Edusa , var. Helice — The Brimstone ( Gonopteryx Rhamni ) — CHAPTER XIII THE FRITILLARIES, VANESSAS, AND THE PURPLE EMPEROR — Family— Nymphalidæ — The Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary ( Argynnis Selene ) — The Pearl-bordered Fritillary ( Argynnis Euphrosyne ) — The Queen of Spain Fritillary ( Argynnis Latona ) — The Dark-green Fritillary ( Argynnis Aglaia ) — The High-brown Fritillary ( Argynnis Adippe ) — The Silver-washed Fritillary ( Argynnis Paphia ) — The Greasy Fritillary ( Melitæa Aurinia ) — The Glanville Fritillary ( Melitæa Cinxia ) — The Heath Fritillary ( Melitæa Athalia ) — The Comma ( Vanessa C-Album ) — The Large Tortoiseshell ( Vanessa Polychloros ) — The Small Tortoiseshell ( Vanessa Urticæ ) — The Peacock ( Vanessa Io ) — The Camberwell Beauty ( Vanessa Antiopa ) — The Red Admiral ( Vanessa Atalanta ) — The Painted Lady ( Vanessa Cardui ) — The White Admiral ( Limenitis Sibylla ) — Family— Apaturidæ The Purple Emperor ( Apatura Iris ) — CHAPTER XIV THE BROWNS AND HEATHS — Family— Satyridæ — The Marbled White ( Melanargia Galatea ) — The Small Ringlet ( Erebia Epiphron ) — The Northern Brown ( Erebia Æthiops ) — The Speckled Wood or Wood Argus ( Pararge Egeria ) — The Wall Butterfly ( Pararge Megæra ) — The Grayling ( Satyrus Semele ) — The Meadow Brown ( Epinephele Janira ) — The Large Heath ( Epinephele Tithonus ) — The Ringlet ( Epinephele Hyperanthus ) — The Marsh Ringlet ( Cænonympha Typhon ) — The Small Heath ( Cænonympha Pamphilus ) — CHAPTER XV THE HAIRSTREAKS, COPPERS AND BLUES — Family— Lycænidæ — The Brown Hairstreak ( Thecla Betulæ ) — The Black Hairstreak, or White-letter Hairstreak ( Thecla W-album ) — The Dark Hairstreak ( Thecla Pruni ) — The Purple Hairstreak ( Thecla Quercus ) — The Green Hairstreak ( Thecla Rubi ) — The Large Copper ( Polyommatus Dispar ) — The Small Copper ( Polyommatus Phlæas ) — The Tailed Blue ( Lycæna Bætica ) — The Silver-studded Blue ( Lycæna Ægon ) — The Brown Argus ( Lycæna Astrarche ) — The Common Blue ( Lycæna Icarus ) — The Clifden Blue ( Lycæna Bellargus ) — The Chalk-Hill Blue ( Lycæna Corydon ) — The Holly Blue ( Lycæna Argiolus ) — The Mazarine Blue ( Lycæna Semiargus ) — The Small Blue ( Lycæna Minima ) — The Large Blue ( Lycæna Arion ) — CHAPTER XVI THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND THE SKIPPERS — Family— Erycinidæ The Duke of Burgundy ( Nemeobius Lucina ) — Family— Hesperiidæ—The Skippers — The Grizzled Skipper ( Syrichthus Malvæ ) — The Dingy Skipper ( Nisoniades Tages ) — The Small Skipper ( Hesperia Thaumas ) — The New Small Skipper ( Hesperia Lineola ) — The Lulworth Skipper ( Hesperia Actæon ) — The Large Skipper ( Hesperia Sylvanus ) — The Silver-spotted Skipper ( Hesperia Comma ) — The Chequered Skipper ( Carterocephalus Palæmon )
7. 7.PART IV COMMON BRITISH MOTHS — CHAPTER XVII SPHINGES — Family— Sphingidæ — The Death's-Head Hawk ( Acherontia Atropos ) — The Privet Hawk ( Sphinx Ligustri ) — The Spurge Hawk ( Deilephila Euphorbiæ ) — The Small Elephant Hawk ( Chærocampa Porcellus ) — The Large Elephant ( Chærocampa Elpenor ) — The Eyed Hawk ( Smerinthus Ocellatus ) — The Poplar Hawk ( Smerinthus Populi ) — The Lime Hawk ( Smerinthus Tiliæ ) — The Humming-Bird Hawk ( Macroglossa Stellatarum ) — The Broad-bordered Bee Hawk ( Macroglossa Fuciformis ) — Family Sesiidæ—The Clearwings — The Hornet Clearwing of the Poplar ( Trochilium Apiformis ) — The Currant Clearwing ( Sesia Tipuliformis ) — Family— Zygænidæ — The Forester ( Ino Statices ) — The Broad-bordered Five-spotted Burnet ( Zygæna Trifolii ) — The Six-spotted Burnet ( Zygæna Filipendulæ ) — CHAPTER XVIII BOMBYCES — Family— Nycteolidæ The Green Silver-lined ( Hylophila prasinana ) — Family— Nolidæ The Short-cloaked Moth ( Nola cucullatella ) — Family— Lithosiidæ The Muslin Moth ( Nudaria mundana ) — The Common Footman ( Lithosia lurideola ) — Family— Eucheliidæ The Cinnabar ( Euchelia Jacobææ ) — The Scarlet Tiger ( Callimorpha Dominula ) — Family— Cheloniidæ The Wood Tiger ( Nemeophila Plantaginis ) — The Tiger ( Arctia caia ) — The Cream-spot Tiger ( Arctia villica ) — The Buff Ermine ( Spilosoma lubricipeda ) — The White Ermine ( Spilosoma Menthastri ) — Family— Hepialidæ — The Ghost Swift ( Hepialus Humuli ) — The Common Swift ( Hepialus lupulinus ) — Family— Cossidæ — The Goat Moth ( Cossus ligniperda ) — The Leopard Moth ( Zeuzera pyrina ) — Family— Liparidæ — The Brown Tail ( Porthesia chrysorrhœa ) — The Gipsy ( Ocneria dispar ) — The Black Arches ( Psilura Monacha ) — The Vapourer Moth ( Orgyia antiqua ) — Family— Bombycidæ — The Oak Eggar ( Bombyx Quercus ) — The Drinker ( Odonestis potatoria ) — The Lappet ( Lasiocampa quercifolia ) — Family— Endromidæ The Kentish Glory ( Endromis versicolor ) — Family— Saturniidæ The Emperor Moth ( Saturnia pavonia ) — Family— Drepanulidæ — The Oak Hook Tip ( Drepana binaria ) — The Chinese Character ( Cilix glaucata ) — Family— Dicranuridæ — The Poplar Kitten ( Dicranura bifida ) — The Puss ( Dicranura vinula ) — Family— Notodontidæ The Coxcomb Prominent ( Lophopteryx camelina ) — Family— Pygæridæ The Buff Tip ( Phalera bucephala ) — The Chocolate Tip ( Pygæra curtula ) — Family— Cymatophoridæ — The Peach Blossom ( Thyatira Batis ) — The Yellow-horned ( Asphalia flavicornis ) — CHAPTER XIX THE NOCTUÆ — Family— Bryophilidæ The Marbled Beauty ( Bryophila Perla ) — Family— Bombycoidæ — The Grey Dagger ( Acronycta Psi ) — The Poplar Grey ( Acronycta megacephala ) — The Figure of Eight ( Diloba cæruleocephala ) — Family— Leucaniidæ — The Brown-line Bright-eye ( Leucania conigera ) — The Smoky Wainscot ( Leucania impura ) — The Common Wainscot ( Leucania pallens ) — The Bullrush ( Nonagria arundinis ) — Family— Apameidæ — The Frosted Orange ( Gortyna Ochracea ) — The Flame ( Axylia putris ) — The Light Arches ( Xylophasia lithoxylea ) — The Flounced Rustic ( Luperina testacea ) — The Cabbage Moth ( Mamestra Brassicæ ) — The Dot ( Mamestra Persicariæ ) — The Rustic Shoulder-knot ( Apamea basilinea ) — The Marbled Minor ( Miana strigilis ) — Family— Caradrinidæ — The Mottled Rustic ( Caradrina Morpheus ) — Family— Noctuidæ — The Turnip Moth ( Agrotis Segetum ) — The Heart and Dart ( Agrotis Exclamationis ) — The Garden Dart ( Agrotis nigricans ) — The Flame Shoulder ( Noctua plecta ) — The Lesser Broad Border ( Triphæna ianthina ) — The Lesser Yellow Underwing ( Triphæna Comes ) — The Large Yellow Underwing ( Triphæna Pronuba ) — Family— Amphipyridæ The Gothic ( Mania typica ) — The Old Lady ( Mania Maura ) — Family— Orthosiidæ — The Common Quaker ( Tæniocampa stabilis ) — The Chestnut ( Cerastis Vaccinii ) — The Pink-barred Sallow ( Xanthia Flavago ) — Family— Cosmiidæ The Dun-bar ( Calymnia trapezina ) — Family— Hadenidæ — The Broad-barred White ( Hecatera serena ) — The Marvel-du-jour ( Agriopis Aprilina ) — The Small Angle Shades ( Euplexia lucipara ) — The Angle Shades ( Phlogophora Meticulosa ) — The Grey Arches ( Aplecta nebulosa ) — The Shears ( Hadena dentina ) — The Bright-line Brown-eye ( Hadena oleracea ) — Family— Xylinidæ — The Early Grey ( Xylocampa Areola ) — The Shark ( Cucullia umbratica ) — Family— Gonopteridæ The Herald Moth ( Gonoptera Libatrix ) — Family— Plusiidæ — The Burnished Brass ( Plusia Chrysitis ) — The Silver Y ( Plusia Gamma ) — Family— Euclidiidæ The Mother Shipton ( Euclidia Mi ) — Family— Catocalidæ — The Clifden Nonpareil ( Catocala Fraxini ) — The Red Underwing ( Catocala Nupta ) — The Dark Crimson Underwing ( Catocala Sponsa ) — CHAPTER XX GEOMETRÆ — Family— Uropterygidæ The Swallow Tail ( Uropteryx sambucaria ) — Family— Ennomidæ — The Brimstone Moth ( Rumia luteolata ) — The Light Emerald ( Metrocampa margaritaria ) — The Scalloped Oak ( Crocallis elinguaria ) — The August Thorn ( Eugonia quercinaria ) — Family— Amphidasydæ — The Brindled Beauty ( Biston hirtaria ) — The Peppered Moth ( Amphidasys betularia ) — Family— Boarmiidæ — The Waved Umber ( Hemerophila abruptaria ) — The Willow Beauty ( Boarmia gemmaria ) — Family— Geometridæ — The Large Emerald ( Geometra papilionaria ) — The Common Emerald ( Hemithea strigata ) — Family— Ephyridæ The Maiden's Blush ( Zonosoma punctaria ) — Family— Acidaliidæ — The Lace Border ( Acidalia ornata ) — The Riband Wave ( A. aversata ) — The Blood-vein ( Timandra amataria ) — Family— Caberidæ — The Common Wave ( Cabera exanthemata ) — The Clouded Silver ( Bapta temerata ) — Family— Macariidæ The V Moth ( Halia Vauaria ) — Family— Fidoniidæ — The Common Heath ( Ematurga atomaria ) — The Bordered White ( Bupalus piniaria ) — Family— Zerenidæ The Currant Moth ( Abraxas grossulariata ) — Family— Hyberniidæ — The Spring Usher ( Hybernia leucophæaria ) — The Mottled Umber ( Hybernia defoliaria ) — The March Moth ( Anisopteryx æscularia ) — Family— Larentiidæ — The November Moth ( Oporabia dilutata ) — The Twin-spot Carpet ( Larentia didymata ) — The Grass Rivulet ( Emmelesia albulata ) — The Netted Pug ( Eupithecia venosata ) — The Narrow-winged Pug ( Eupithecia nanata ) — The Brindled Pug ( Eupithecia abbreviata ) — The Small Seraphim ( Lobophora sexalisata ) — The Blue-bordered Carpet ( Melanthia bicolorata ) — The Beautiful Carpet ( Melanthia albicillata ) — The Common Carpet ( Melanippe sociata ) — The Silver Ground Carpet ( Melanippe montanata ) — The Garden Carpet ( Melanippe fluctuata ) — The Yellow Shell ( Camptogramma bilineata ) — The Small Phœnix ( Cidaria silaceata ) — Family— Euboliidæ — The Small Mallow ( Eubolia limitata ) — The Treble Bar ( Anaitis plagiata ) — CHAPTER XXI THE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA — Pyralides — The Tabby ( Aglossa pinguinalis ) — The Meal Moth ( Pyralis farinalis ) — The Small Magpie ( Eurrhypara urticata ) — The Mother-of-Pearl ( Botys ruralis ) — The Garden Pebble ( Pionea forficalis ) — The Beautiful China Mark ( Hydrocampa stagnata ) — The Pterophori — Platyptilia gonodactyla — Leioptilus osteodactylus — Aciptilia pentadactyla — Alucita hexadactyla — Crambi — Chilo Phragmitellus — Crambus hamellus — Crambus tristellus — Crambus hortuellus — Galleria mellonella — The Tortrices — Tortrix xylosteana — Tortrix viridana — Peronea cristana — Ptycholoma lecheana — Penthina pruniana — Antithesia salicella — Sciaphila octomaculana — Ephippiphora cirsiana — Carpocapsa pomonella — Xanthosetia zoegana — The Tineæ — Diurnea fagella — Adela cuprella — Hyponomeuta Padellus — Depressaria nervosa — Harpella Geoffrella — Coleophora ibipennella — Tischeria complanella — Nepticula aurella
8. 8.APPENDICES — APPENDIX I — COMPLETE CLASSIFIED LIST OF BRITISH MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA — RHOPALOCERA (BUTTERFLIES). — HETEROCERA (MOTHS). SPHINGES. — BOMBYCES. — NOCTUÆ. — GEOMETRÆ. — APPENDIX II THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR — JANUARY — FEBRUARY — MARCH — APRIL — MAY — JUNE — JULY — AUGUST — SEPTEMBER — OCTOBER — NOVEMBER — DECEMBER — COLOURED PLATES
9. 9.INDEX — Transcriber's Note

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