An Introduction to the Birds of Pennsylvania

About this eBook

Author

Sutton, George Miksch, 1898-1982

Credits

Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net

Language

English

LoC Class

QL: Science: Zoology

Subject

Birds -- Pennsylvania

Category

Text

Project Gutenberg

eBook-No. 65440

Release Date

May 24, 2021

Copyright

Public domain in the USA.

Contents

1. 1.AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA
2. 2.Dedication
3. 3.PREFATORY NOTE
4. 4.CONTENTS — AN INTRODUCTION TO THE BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA
5. 5.A WORD TO THE BEGINNER — BIRD-SONGS — NOTE-BOOKS — SPECIMENS — FIELD-GLASSES — BOOKS — MAGAZINES — BIRD HIKES — IN THE FIELD — VALUE OF PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS — HELPING OUR BIRD FRIENDS — LIFE-ZONES IN PENNSYLVANIA — BIRD-MIGRATION IN PENNSYLVANIA — HORNED GREBE Colymbus auritus Linnæus — PIED-BILLED GREBE Podilymbus podiceps podiceps (Linnæus) — LOON Gavia immer immer (Brünnich) — HERRING GULL Larus argentatus argentatus Pontoppidan — RING-BILLED GULL Larus delawarensis Ord — BONAPARTE’S GULL Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord) — COMMON TERN Sterna hirundo Linnæus — BLACK TERN Chlidonias nigra surinamensis (Gmelin) — DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT Phalacrocorax auritus auritus (Lesson) — MERGANSER Mergus merganser americanus Cassin — RED-BREASTED MERGANSER Mergus serrator Linnæus — HOODED MERGANSER Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnæus) — MALLARD Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linnæus — BLACK DUCK Anas rubripes tristis Brewster — GADWALL Chaulelasmus streperus (Linnæus) — BALDPATE Mareca americana (Gmelin) — GREEN-WINGED TEAL Nettion carolinense (Gmelin) — BLUE-WINGED TEAL Querquedula discors (Linnæus) — SHOVELER Spatula clypeata (Linnæus) — PINTAIL Dafila acuta tzitzihoa (Vieillot) — WOOD DUCK Aix sponsa (Linnæus) — REDHEAD Nyroca americana (Eyton) — CANVASBACK Aristonetta valisineria (Wilson) — SCAUP Fulix marila nearctica (Stejneger) — LESSER SCAUP Fulix affinis (Eyton) — RINGED-NECKED DUCK Perissonetta collaris (Donovan) — GOLDENEYE Glaucionetta clangula americana (Bonaparte) — BUFFLEHEAD Charitonetta albeola (Linnæus) — OLD SQUAW Clangula hiemalis (Linnæus) — THE SCOTERS — AMERICAN SCOTER Oidemia americana Swainson — WHITE-WINGED SCOTER Oidemia deglandi Bonaparte — SURF SCOTER Melanitta perspicillata (Linnæus) — RUDDY DUCK Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin) — CANADA GOOSE Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnæus) — WHISTLING SWAN Cygnus columbianus (Ord) — AMERICAN BITTERN Botaurus lentiginosus (Montagu) — LEAST BITTERN Ixobrychus exilis exilis (Gmelin) — GREAT BLUE HERON Ardea herodias herodias Linnæus — AMERICAN EGRET Casmerodius albus egretta (Gmelin) — LITTLE BLUE HERON Florida cærulea cærulea (Linnæus) — GREEN HERON Butorides virescens virescens (Linnæus) — BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON Nycticorax nycticorax nævius (Boddært) — KING RAIL Rallus elegans elegans Audubon — VIRGINIA RAIL Rallus virginianus Linnæus — SORA RAIL Porzana carolina (Linnæus) — FLORIDA GALLINULE Gallinula chloropus cachinnans Bangs — COOT Fulica americana Gmelin — WOODCOCK Rubicolor minor (Gmelin) — WILSON’S SNIPE Capella gallinago delicata (Ord) — PECTORAL SANDPIPER Pisobia maculata (Vieillot) — LEAST SANDPIPER Pisobia minutilla (Vieillot) — RED-BACKED SANDPIPER Pelidna alpina pacifica Coues — SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER Ereunetes pusillus (Linnæus) — SANDERLING Crocethia alba (Pallas) — GREATER YELLOW-LEGS Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin) — LESSER YELLOW-LEGS Totanus flavipes (Gmelin) — SOLITARY SANDPIPER Tringa solitaria solitaria Wilson — BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER; UPLAND PLOVER Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein) — SPOTTED SANDPIPER Actitis macularia (Linnæus) — KILLDEER Oxyechus vociferus vociferus (Linnæus) — SEMIPALMATED PLOVER Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte — RUDDY TURNSTONE Arenaria interpres morinella (Linnæus) — RING-NECKED PHEASANT Phasianus colchichus torquatus Gmelin — BOB-WHITE Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linnæus) — RUFFED GROUSE Bonasa umbellus umbellus (Linnæus) — WILD TURKEY Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot — MOURNING DOVE Zenaidura macroura carolinensis (Linnæus) — TURKEY VULTURE Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied — MARSH HAWK Circus cyaneus hudsonius (Linnæus) — SHARP-SHINNED HAWK Accipiter velox (Wilson) — COOPER’S HAWK Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte) — GOSHAWK Astur atricapillus atricapillus (Wilson) — RED-TAILED HAWK Buteo borealis borealis (Gmelin) — RED-SHOULDERED HAWK Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmelin) — BROAD-WINGED HAWK Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) — ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmelin) — GOLDEN EAGLE Aquila chrysaëtos chrysaëtos (Linnæus) — BALD EAGLE Haliæëtus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnæus) — DUCK HAWK Rhynchodon peregrinus anatum (Bonaparte) — PIGEON HAWK Tinnuculus columbarius columbarius (Linnæus) — SPARROW HAWK Cerchneis sparveria sparveria (Linnæus) — OSPREY; FISH HAWK Pandion haliaëtus carolinensis (Gmelin) — BARN OWL Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte) — LONG-EARED OWL Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson) — SHORT-EARED OWL Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan) — BARRED OWL Strix varia varia Barton — SAW-WHET OWL Cryptoglaux acadica acadica (Gmelin) — SCREECH OWL Otus asio nævius (Gmelin) — GREAT HORNED OWL Bubo virginianus virginianus (Gmelin) — SNOWY OWL Nyctea nyctea (Linnæus) — YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO Coccyzus americanus americanus (Linnæus) — BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO Coccyzus erythophthalmus (Wilson) — BELTED KINGFISHER Streptoceryle alcyon alcyon (Linnæus) — HAIRY WOODPECKER Dryobates villosus villosus (Linnæus) — DOWNY WOODPECKER Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson) — YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER Sphyrapicus varius varius (Linnæus) — PILEATED WOODPECKER Phlœotomus pileatus abieticola (Bangs) — RED-HEADED WOODPECKER Melanerpes erythrocephalus erythrocephalus (Linnæus) — RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER Centurus carolinus (Linnæus) — NORTHERN FLICKER Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs — WHIP-POOR-WILL Setochalcis vocifera vocifera (Wilson) — NIGHTHAWK Chordeiles minor minor (J. R. Forster) — CHIMNEY SWIFT Chætura pelagica (Linnæus) — RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD Archilochus colubris (Linnæus) — KINGBIRD Tyrannus tyrannus tyrannus (Linnæus) — CRESTED FLYCATCHER Myiarchus crinitus boreus Bangs — PHŒBE Sayornis phœbe (Latham) — OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER Nuttallornis borealis borealis (Swainson) — WOOD PEWEE Myiochanes virens (Linnæus) — THE SMALL FLYCATCHERS — YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER Empidonax flaviventris (W. M. and S. F. Baird) — ACADIAN FLYCATCHER Empidonax virescens (Vieillot) — ALDER FLYCATCHER Empidonax traillii traillii (Audubon) — LEAST FLYCATCHER; CHEBEC Empidonax minimus (W. M. and S. F. Baird) — HORNED LARK Otocoris alpestris alpestris (Linnæus) — PRAIRIE HORNED LARK Otocoris alpestris praticola Henshaw — BLUE JAY Cyanocitta cristata bromia Oberholser — NORTHERN RAVEN Corvus corax principalis Ridgway — CROW Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm — FISH CROW Corvus ossifragus Wilson — STARLING Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnæus — BOBOLINK Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnæus) — COWBIRD Molothrus ater ater (Boddaert) — RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD Agelaius phœniceus predatorius (Wilson) — MEADOWLARK Sturnella magna magna (Linnæus) — ORCHARD ORIOLE Icterus spurius (Linnæus) — BALTIMORE ORIOLE Icterus galbula (Linnæus) — RUSTY BLACKBIRD Euphagus carolinus (Müller) — PURPLE GRACKLE AND BRONZED GRACKLE Quiscalus quiscula rigdgwayi Oberholser and Quiscalus quiscula æneus Ridgway — EVENING GROSBEAK Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina (W. Cooper) — PINE GROSBEAK Pinicola enucleator leucura (Müller) — PURPLE FINCH Carpodacus purpureus purpureus (Gmelin) — RED OR AMERICAN CROSSBILL Loxia curvirostra pusilla Gloger — WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL Loxia leucoptera Gmelin — REDPOLL Acanthis linaria linaria (Linnæus) — GOLDFINCH Astragalinus tristis tristis (Linnæus) — PINE SISKIN Spinus pinus pinus (Wilson) — ENGLISH SPARROW Passer domesticus (Linnæus) — SNOW BUNTING Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis (Linnæus) — VESPER SPARROW Poœcetes gramineus gramineus (Gmelin) — SAVANNAH SPARROW Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (Wilson) — GRASSHOPPER SPARROW Ammodramus savannarum australis Maynard — WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW Zonotrichia leucophrys (J. R. Forster) — WHITE-THROATED SPARROW Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin) — TREE SPARROW Spizella arborea arborea (Wilson) — CHIPPING SPARROW Spizella passerina passerina (Bechstein) — FIELD SPARROW Spizella pusilla pusilla (Wilson) — SLATE-COLORED JUNCO Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnæus) — SONG SPARROW Melospiza melodia melodia (Wilson) — SWAMP SPARROW Melospiza georgiana (Latham) — FOX SPARROW Passerella iliaca iliaca (Merrem) — TOWHEE Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linnæus) — CARDINAL Richmondena cardinalis cardinalis (Linnæus) — ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK Hedymeles ludoviciana (Linnæus) — INDIGO BUNTING Passerina cyanea (Linnæus) — SCARLET TANAGER Piranga olivacea (Gmelin) — PURPLE MARTIN Progne subis subis (Linnæus) — CLIFF SWALLOW; EAVES SWALLOW Petrochelidon albifrons albifrons (Rafinesque) — BARN SWALLOW Hirundo rustica erythrogastris Boddaert — TREE SWALLOW; WHITE-BELLIED SWALLOW Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot) — BANK SWALLOW Riparia riparia riparia (Linnæus) — ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW Stelgidopteryx serripennis serripennis (Audubon) — CEDAR WAXWING Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot — NORTHERN SHRIKE Lanius borealis Vieillot — MIGRANT SHRIKE Lanius ludovicianus migrans W. Palmer — THE VIREOS — RED-EYED VIREO Vireosylva olivacea (Linnæus) — PHILADELPHIA VIREO Vireosylva philadelphica Cassin — WARBLING VIREO Vireosylva gilva gilva (Vieillot) — YELLOW-THROATED VIREO Lanivireo flavifrons (Vieillot) — WHITE-EYED VIREO Vireo griseus griseus (Boddaert) — BLUE-HEADED VIREO Lanivireo solitarius solitarius (Wilson) — BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER Mniotilta varia (Linnæus) — WORM-EATING WARBLER Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmelin) — BLUE-WINGED WARBLER Vermivora pinus (Linnæus) — GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER Vermivora chrysoptera (Linnæus) — NASHVILLE WARBLER Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla (Wilson) — ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER Vermivora celata celata (Say) — TENNESSEE WARBLER Vermivora peregrina (Wilson) — PARULA WARBLER; BLUE YELLOW-BACKED WARBLER Compsothlypis americana pusilla (Wilson) — CAPE MAY WARBLER Dendroica tigrina (Gmelin) — YELLOW WARBLER Dendroica æstiva æstiva (Gmelin) — BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER Dendroica cærulescens cærulescens (Gmelin) — MYRTLE WARBLER; YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER Dendroica coronata coronata (Linnæus) — MAGNOLIA WARBLER Dendroica magnolia (Wilson) — CERULEAN WARBLER Dendroica cerulea (Wilson) — CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnæus) — BAY-BREASTED WARBLER Dendroica castanea (Wilson) — BLACK-POLL WARBLER Dendroica striata (J. R. Forster) — BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER Dendroica fusca (Müller) — BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER Dendroica virens virens (Gmelin) — PINE WARBLER Dendroica pinus pinus (Wilson) — PALM WARBLER AND YELLOW PALM WARBLER Dendroica palmarum palmarum (Gmelin) and Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway — PRAIRIE WARBLER Dendroica discolor (Vieillot) — OVENBIRD Seiurus aurocapillus aurocapillus (Linnæus) — NORTHERN WATER-THRUSH Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis (Gmelin) — LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH Seiurus motacilla (Vieillot) — KENTUCKY WARBLER Oporornis formosus (Wilson) — CONNECTICUT WARBLER Oporornis agilis (Wilson) — MOURNING WARBLER Oporornis philadelphia (Wilson) — MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnæus) — YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT Icteria virens virens (Linnæus) — HOODED WARBLER Wilsonia citrina (Boddaert) — WILSON’S WARBLER Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Wilson) — CANADIAN WARBLER Wilsonia canadensis (Linnæus) — REDSTART Setophaga ruticilla (Linnæus) — PIPIT; TITLARK Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall) — MOCKINGBIRD Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linnæus) — CATBIRD Dumetella carolinensis (Linnæus) — BROWN THRASHER Toxostoma rufa rufa (Linnæus) — CAROLINA WREN Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus (Latham) — BEWICK’S WREN Thryomanes bewickii bewickii (Audubon) — HOUSE WREN Troglodytes aëdon aëdon Vieillot — WINTER WREN Nannus troglodytes hiemalis (Vieillot) — SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN Cistothorus stellaris (Naumann) — LONG-BILLED MARSH WREN Telmatodytes palustris palustris (Wilson) — BROWN CREEPER Certhia familiaris americana Bonaparte — WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH Sitta carolinensis cookei Oberholser — RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH Sitta canadensis Linnæus — TUFTED TITMOUSE Bæolophus bicolor (Linnæus) — BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus (Linnæus) — GOLDEN CROWNED KINGLET Regulus regulus satrapa Lichtenstein — RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET Corthylio calendula calendula (Linnæus) — BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER Polioptila cærulea cærulea (Linnæus) — WOOD THRUSH Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin) — WILSON’S THRUSH; VEERY Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens (Stephens) — GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH Hylocichla minima aliciæ (Baird) — OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Tschudi) — HERMIT THRUSH Hylocichla guttata faxoni Bangs and Penard — ROBIN Turdus migratorius migratorius Linnaeus — BLUEBIRD Sialis sialis sialis (Linnaeus)
6. 6.INDEX
7. 7.Transcriber’s Notes

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