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A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2)

A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2)

by Charles Darwin

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About this eBook

Author
Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882
Title
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2) The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
Credits
Bryan Ness, Emmanuel Ackerman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
Language
English
LoC Class
QL: Science: Zoology
Subject
Balanidae
Category
Text
eBook-No.
46408
Project Gutenberg
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/46408
Release Date
July 25, 2014
Copyright
Public domain in the USA.

Contents

  1. 1.Table of Contents. — A MONOGRAPH ON THE SUB-CLASS CIRRIPEDIA, WITH FIGURES OF ALL THE SPECIES. — DEDICATION.
  2. 2.PREFACE.
  3. 3.INTRODUCTION. — On the Names Given to the Different Parts of Cirripedes.
  4. 4.C LASS —CRUSTACEA. Sub-Class— C IRRIPEDIA . — On the Sexual Relation of Cirripedes.
  5. 5.O RDER I.—T HORACICA .
  6. 6.1. Family B ALANIDÆ , (or Sessile Cirripedes). — Structure of Shell. — Structure of the Individual Compartments. — Structure of the Radii. — Structure of the Alæ. — Structure of the Sheath. — Structure of the Basis. — Structure of the Opercular Valves (Scuta and Terga). — Growth of the Whole Shell, and Its Microscopical Structure. — Muscles of Sack. — Branchiæ. — Thorax and Body. — Muscular System. — Movements and Muscles of the Cirri. — Mouth. — Cirri. — Caudal Appendages. — Alimentary Canal. — Circulatory System. — Nervous System. — Eyes and Vision. — Acoustic Organs. — Olfactory Sacks. — Male Organs of Generation. — Female Organs of Generation. — Metamorphoses and Homologies, throughout the Order of Thoracica . — Larva, First Stage. — Larva, Second Stage. — Larva in the Last or Pupal Stage. — Act of Metamorphosis. — On the Homologies of the Carapace and Shelly Valves. — Cementing Apparatus. (Plate 28 .) — Affinities, Classification, Variation. — Rate of Growth, Exuviation, Powers of Repairing Injuries. — Geographical Range and Habits. — Geological History.
  7. 7.Sub-Family— B ALANINÆ .
  8. 8.1. Genus — B ALANUS , Auct. [83] — Sections of the Genus.
  9. 9.Section A . — 1. B ALANUS TINTINNABULUM . Pl. 1 , fig. a - l ; Pl. 2 , fig. 1 a - 1 o . — Varieties. — 2. B ALANUS TULIPIFORMIS . Pl. 2 , fig. 2 a - 2 d . — 3. B ALANUS PSITTACUS . Pl. 2 , fig. 3 a - 3 d . — 4. B ALANUS C APENSIS . Pl. 2 , fig. 4 a , 4 b . — 5. B ALANUS N IGRESCENS . Pl. 2 , fig. 5 a , 5 b . — 6. B ALANUS DECORUS . Pl. 2 , fig. 6 a , 6 b . — 7. B ALANUS VINACEUS . Pl. 2 , fig. 7 a - 7 d . — 8. B ALANUS A JAX . Pl. 3 , fig. 1 a - 1 d .
  10. 10.Section B . — 9. B ALANUS STULTUS . Pl. 3 , fig. 2 a - 2 d . — 10. B ALANUS CALCEOLUS . Pl. 3 , fig. 3 a - 3 e . — 11. B ALANUS GALEATUS . Pl. 3 , fig. 4 a - 4 c . — 12. B ALANUS CYMBIFORMIS . Pl. 3 , fig. 5 a , 5 b . — 13. B ALANUS NAVICULA . Pl. 3 , fig. 6 a - 6 d .
  11. 11.Section C . — 14. B ALANUS TRIGONUS . Pl. 3 , fig. 7 a - 7 f . — 15. B ALANUS SPONGICOLA . Pl. 4 , fig. 1 a - 1 d . — 16. B ALANUS LÆVIS . Pl. 4 , fig. 2 - 2 g . — 17. B ALANUS PERFORATUS . Pl. 5 , fig. 1 a - 1 d ; Pl. 4 , fig. 3 a - 3 c . — 18. B ALANUS CONCAVUS . Pl. 4 , fig. 4 a - 4 e . — 19. B ALANUS AMPHITRITE . Pl. 5 , fig. 2 a - 2 o . — Varieties. — 20. B ALANUS PŒCILUS . Pl. 5 , fig. 3 a , 3 b . — 21. B ALANUS EBURNEUS . Pl. 5 , fig. 4 a - 4 d . — 22. B ALANUS IMPROVISUS . Pl. 6 , fig. 1 a - 1 c . — 23. B ALANUS NUBILUS . Pl. 6 , fig. 2 a - 2 c . — 24. B ALANUS CORRUGATUS . Pl. 6 , fig. 3 a , 3 b .
  12. 12.Section D . — 25. B ALANUS PORCATUS . Pl. 6 , fig. 4 a - 4 e . — 26. B ALANUS PATELLARIS . Pl. 6 , fig. 5 a - 5 c . — 27. B ALANUS CRENATUS . Pl. 6 , fig. 6 a - 6 g . — 28. B ALANUS GLANDULA . Pl. 7 , fig. 1 a , 1 b .
  13. 13.Section E . — 29. B ALANUS BALANOIDES . Pl. 7 , fig. 2 a - 2 d . — Varieties. — 30. B ALANUS CARIOSUS . Pl. 7 , fig. 3 a - 3 e . — 31. B ALANUS DECLIVIS . Pl. 7 , fig. 4 a - 4 d .
  14. 14.Section F . — 32. B ALANUS H AMERI . Pl. 7 , fig. 5 a - 5 c . — 33. B ALANUS AMARYLLIS . Pl. 7 , fig. 6 a - 6 c . — 34. B ALANUS ALLIUM . Pl. 7 , fig. 7 a - 7 d . — 35. B ALANUS CEPA . Pl. 7 fig. 8 a - 8 c . — 36. B ALANUS QUADRIVITTATUS . Pl. 8 , fig. 1 . — 37. B ALANUS TEREBRATUS . Pl. 8 , fig. 2 a - 2 b . — 38. B ALANUS VESTITUS . Pl. 8 , fig. 3 a - 3 b . — 39. B ALANUS I MPERATOR . Pl. 8 , fig. 4 a - 4 c . — 40. B ALANUS FLOSCULUS . Pl. 8 , fig. 5 a - 5 f . — 41. B ALANUS BISULCATUS . Pl. 8 , fig. 6 a - 6 c . — 42. B ALANUS DOLOSUS . Pl. 8 , fig. 7 . — 43. B ALANUS UNGUIFORMIS . Pl. 8 , fig. 8 a - 8 b . — 44. B ALANUS VARIANS . Pl. 8 , fig. 9 . — 45. B ALANUS INCLUSUS . Pl. 8 , fig. 10 a - 10 c .
  15. 15.2. Sub-Genus — A CASTA . Pl. 9 . — 1. A CASTA SPONGITES . Pl. 9 , fig. 1 a - 1 d . — 2. A CASTA SULCATA . Pl. 9 , fig. 2 a - 2 d . — 3. A CASTA CYATHUS . Pl. 9 , fig. 3 a - 3 c . — 4. A CASTA UNDULATA . Pl. 9 , fig. 4 . — 5. A CASTA GLANS . Pl. 9 , fig. 5 a - 5 c . — 6. A CASTA LÆVIGATA . Pl. 9 fig. 6 a , 6 b . — 7. A CASTA FENESTRATA . Pl. 9 , fig. 7 a - 7 c . — 8. A CASTA PURPURATA . Pl. 9 , fig. 8 a - 8 c . — 9. A CASTA SPORILLUS . Pl. 9 , fig. 9 a - 9 d .
  16. 16.3. Genus — T ETRACLITA . Pl. 10 , 11 . — 1. T ETRACLITA POROSA . Pl. 10 , fig. 1 a - 1 m . — 2. T ETRACLITA SERRATA . Pl. 10 , fig. 2 a - 2 d . — 3. T ETRACLITA ROSEA . Pl. 10 , fig. 3 a - 3 d . — 4. T ETRACLITA PURPURASCENS . Pl. 11 , fig. 1 a - 1 d . — 5. T ETRACLITA COSTATA . Pl. 11 , fig. 2 a - 2 c . — 6. T ETRACLITA VITIATA . Pl. 11 , fig. 3 a - 3 e . — 7. T ETRACLITA CŒRULESCENS . Pl. 11 , fig. 4 a - 4 d . — 8. T ETRACLITA RADIATA . Pl. 11 , fig. 5 a - 5 d .
  17. 17.4. Genus — E LMINIUS . — 1. E LMINIUS K INGII . Pl. 11 , fig. 6 a - 6 e . — 2. E LMINIUS MODESTUS . Pl. 12 , fig. 1 a - 1 e . — 3. E LMINIUS PLICATUS . Pl. 12 , fig. 2 a - 2 f . — 4. E LMINIUS SIMPLEX . Pl. 12 , fig. 3 .
  18. 18.5. Genus — P YRGOMA . — 1. P YRGOMA A NGLICUM . Pl. 12 , fig. 4 a - 4 c . — 2. P YRGOMA S TOKESII . Pl. 12 , fig. 6 . — 3. P YRGOMA CANCELLATUM . Pl. 12 , fig. 5 a - 5 f . — 4. P YRGOMA CONJUGATUM . [117] Pl. 12 , fig. 7 a - 7 c . — 5. P YRGOMA GRANDE . Pl. 13 , fig. 1 a - 1 d . — 6. P YRGOMA MILLEPORÆ . [119] Pl. 13 , fig. 2 a - 2 f . — 7. P YRGOMA DENTATUM . Pl. 13 , fig. 3 a - 3 g . — 8. P YRGOMA CRENATUM . Pl. 13 , fig. 4 a , 4 b . — 9. P YRGOMA MONTICULARIÆ . Pl. 13 , fig. 5 a - 5 f . — Species Dubiæ.
  19. 19.6. Sub-Genus — C REUSIA . Pl. 13 , 14 .
  20. 20.1. C REUSIA SPINULOSA . Pl. 13 , fig. 6 a - 6 h : Pl. 14 , 6 i - 6 u , 6 U . — Varieties With the Scuta and Terga Calcified Together.
  21. 21.7. Genus — C HELONOBIA . Pl. 14 : Pl. 15 , fig. 1 . — 1. C HELONOBIA TESTUDINARIA . Pl. 14 , fig. 1 a - 1 d , fig. 5 ; Pl. 15 , fig. 1 . — 2. C HELONOBIA CARETTA . Pl. 14 , fig. 2 . — 3. C HELONOBIA PATULA . Pl. 14 , fig. 3 a , 3 b , 4 .
  22. 22.SECOND SECTION OF THE SUB-FAMILY OF BALANINÆ . — 8. Genus — C ORONULA . Pl. 15 , 16 . — 1. C ORONULA BALÆNARIS . Pl. 15 , fig. 2 , 2 b : Pl. 16 , fig. 3 , 5 . — 2. C ORONULA D IADEMA . Pl. 15 , fig. 3 , 3 a , 3 b ; Pl. 16 , fig. 1 , 2 , 7 . — 3. C ORONULA REGINÆ . Pl. 15 , fig. 5 ; Pl. 16 , fig. 4 . — 4. C ORONULA BARBARA . Pl. 15 , fig. 6 . — Species Dubiæ.
  23. 23.9. Genus — P LATYLEPAS . Pl. 17 , fig. 1 a - 2 b . — 1. P LATYLEPAS BISSEXLOBATA . Pl. 17 , fig. 1 a - 1 d . — 2. P LATYLEPAS DECORATA . Pl. 17 , fig. 2 a - 2 b . — Species Dubiæ. — 3. P LATYLEPAS --------?
  24. 24.10. Genus — T UBICINELLA . Pl. 17 , fig. 3 a - 3 c . — 1. T UBICINELLA TRACHEALIS . Pl. 17 , fig. 3 a - 3 c .
  25. 25.11. Genus — X ENOBALANUS . Pl. 17 , fig. 4 a - 4 c . — 1. X ENOBALANUS GLOBICIPITIS . Pl. 17 , fig. 4 a - 4 c .
  26. 26.Sub-Family — C HTHAMALINÆ .
  27. 27.12. Genus — C HTHAMALUS . Pl. 18 , 19 . — 1. C HTHAMALUS STELLATUS . Pl. 18 , fig. 1 a - 1 h . — 2. C HTHAMALUS ANTENNATUS . Pl. 18 , fig. 2 . — 3. C HTHAMALUS CIRRATUS . Pl. 18 , fig. 4 a , 4 b . — 4. C HTHAMALUS FISSUS . Pl. 18 , fig. 6 a , 6 b . — 5. C HTHAMALUS DENTATUS . Pl. 18 , fig. 3 a - 3 c . — 6. C HTHAMALUS H EMBELI . Pl. 18 , fig. 5 a - 5 d , e . — 7. C HTHAMALUS INTERTEXTUS . Pl. 19 , fig. 1 a , 1 b . — 8. C HTHAMALUS SCABROSUS . Pl. 19 , fig. 2 a - 2 d .
  28. 28.13. C HAMÆSIPHO — Nov. Genus . [132] Pl. 19 . — 1. C HAMÆSIPHO COLUMNA . Pl. 19 , fig. 3 a - 3 c . — 2. C HAMÆSIPHO SCUTELLIFORMIS . Pl. 19 , fig. 4 a - 4 d .
  29. 29.14. P ACHYLASMA — Nov. Genus. [133] Pl. 19 , 20 . — 1. P ACHYLASMA GIGANTEUM . Pl. 19 , fig. 5 a - 5 d . — 2. P ACHYLASMA AURANTIACUM . Pl. 20 , fig. 1 a - 1 d .
  30. 30.15. Genus — O CTOMERIS . Pl. 20. — 1. O CTOMERIS ANGULOSA . Pl. 20 , fig. 2 a - 2 b . — 2. O CTOMERIS BRUNNEA . Pl. 20 , fig. 3 a , 3 b .
  31. 31.16. Genus — C ATOPHRAGMUS . Pl. 20 . — 1. C ATOPHRAGMUS POLYMERUS . Pl. 20 , fig. 4 a - 4 e . — 2. C ATOPHRAGMUS IMBRICATUS .
  32. 32.REMARKS ON BRONN’S LIST OF FOSSIL BALANINÆ AND CHTHAMALINÆ .
  33. 33.2. Family— V ERRUCIDÆ .
  34. 34.Genus — V ERRUCA . Pl. 21. — Powers of Excavation. — 1. V ERRUCA S TRÖMIA . Pl. 21 , fig. 1 a - 1 f . — 2. V ERRUCA LÆVIGATA . Pl. 21 , fig. 3 a , 3 b . — 3. V ERRUCA S PENGLERI . Pl. 21 , fig. 2 . — 4. V ERRUCA NEXA . Pl. 21 , fig. 5 . — 5. V ERRUCA PRISCA . Pl. 21 , fig. 4 .
  35. 35.3. Family L EPADIDÆ .
  36. 36.Genus — A LCIPPE . Pl. 22 , 23 . — A LCIPPE LAMPAS , Hancock ut suprà. — F EMALE . Pl. 22 . — M ALE . Pl. 23.
  37. 37.O RDER II.—A BDOMINALIA . — C RYPTOPHIALUS MINUTUS . Pl. 23 , 24 , fig. 1 to 19 . — F EMALE . Fig. 1-18. — M ALE . Pl. 24 , fig. 19 .
  38. 38.Order III.— A PODA . — P ROTEOLEPAS BIVINCTA . Pl. 24 , 25 , figs. 1 - 7 .
  39. 39.SYNOPSIS ET INDEX SYSTEMATICUS. Ordinum, Familiarum, et Generum Cirripediorum et recentium et fossilium. — C LASSIS CRUSTACEA. Sub-classis C IRRIPEDIA . — O RDO I. THORACICA . (Darwin, ‘Balanidæ,’ p. 30 .) — Familia 1. B ALANIDÆ . (Darwin, ‘Balanidæ,’ p. 33 .) — Sub-Familia 1. B ALANINÆ . (Darwin, ‘Balanidæ,’ p. 175 .) — [ Sectio †.] — [ Sectio ††.] — Sub-Familia 2. C HTHAMALINÆ . (Darwin, ‘Balanidæ,’ p. 446 .) — Familia 2. V ERRUCIDÆ . (Darwin, ‘Balanidæ,’ p. 495 .) — Familia 3. L EPADIDÆ . (Darwin, ‘Lepadidæ,’ p. 8, et ‘Balanidæ,’ p. 526 .) — O RDO II. ABDOMINALIA. (Darwin, ‘Balan.’ p. 563 .) — O RDO III. APODA. (Darwin, ‘Balan.’ p. 587 .)
  40. 40.SYNOPSIS ET INDEX SYSTEMATICUS SPECIERUM, Et recentium, et fossilium . [157] — O RDO I. THORACICA . Fam. B ALANIDÆ . Sub-Fam. B ALANINÆ . — [ Sectio †.] — 1. Genus — B ALANUS . — 2. Sub-Genus — A CASTA . — 3. Genus — T ETRACLITA . — 4. Genus — E LMINIUS . — 5. Genus — P YRGOMA . — 6. Sub-Genus — C REUSIA . — 7. Genus — C HELONOBIA . — [ Sectio ††.] — 8. Genus — C ORONULA . — 9. Genus — P LATYLEPAS . — 10. Genus — T UBICINELLA . — 11. Genus — X ENOBALANUS . — Sub-Fam. C HTHAMALINÆ . — 12. Genus — C HTHAMALUS . — 13. Genus — C HAMÆSIPHO . — 14. Genus — P ACHYLASMA . — 15. Genus — O CTOMERIS . — 16. Genus — C ATOPHRAGMUS . — 2. Fam. V ERRUCIDÆ . — 1. Genus — V ERRUCA . — 3. Fam. L EPADIDÆ . — 1. Genus — L EPAS . — 2. Genus — P ŒCILASMA . — 3. Genus — D ICHELASPIS . — 4. Genus — O XYNASPIS . — 5. Genus — C ONCHODERMA . — 6. Genus — A LEPAS . — 7. Genus — A NELASMA . — 8. Genus — A LCIPPE . — 9. Genus — I BLA . — 10. Genus — S CALPELLUM . — 11. Genus — P OLLICIPES . — 12. Genus — L ITHOTRYA . — 13. Genus — L ORICULA . — O RDO II. ABDOMINALIA. — 1. Genus — C RYPTOPHIALUS . — O RDO III. APODA. — 1. Genus — P ROTEOLEPAS .
  41. 41.DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. — PLATE 1. B ALANUS TINTINNABULUM . — PLATE 2. Genus — B ALANUS . — PLATE 3. Genus — B ALANUS . — PLATE 4. Genus — B ALANUS . — PLATE 5. Genus — B ALANUS . — PLATE 6. Genus — B ALANUS . — PLATE 7. Genus — B ALANUS . — PLATE 8. Genus — B ALANUS . — PLATE 9. Sub-Genus — A CASTA . — PLATE 10. Genus — T ETRACLITA . — PLATE 11. Genera — T ETRACLITA AND E LMINIUS . — PLATE 12. Genera — E LMINIUS AND P YRGOMA . — PLATE 13. Genera — P YRGOMA AND C REUSIA . — PLATE 14. Genera — C REUSIA AND C HELONOBIA . — PLATE 15. Genera — C HELONOBIA AND C ORONULA . — PLATE 16. Genus — C ORONULA . — PLATE 17. Genera — P LATYLEPAS , T UBICINELLA , AND X ENOBALANUS . — PLATE 18. Genus — C HTHAMALUS . — PLATE 19. Genera — C HTHAMALUS , C HAMÆSIPHO , AND P ACHYLASMA . — PLATE 20. Genera — P ACHYLASMA , O CTOMERIS , AND C ATOPHRAGMUS . — PLATE 21. Genus — V ERRUCA . — PLATE 22. A LCIPPE LAMPAS . — PLATE 23. Genera — A LCIPPE AND C RYPTOPHIALUS . — PLATE 24. Genera — C RYPTOPHIALUS AND P ROTEOLEPAS . — PLATE 25. Genera — P ROTEOLEPAS AND B ALANUS . — PLATE 26. S TRUCTURE OF THE M OUTH AND T HORAX . — PLATE 27. N ERVOUS S YSTEM AND S ENSES . — PLATE 28. C EMENTING A PPARATUS . — PLATE 29. C IRRI AND L ARVÆ , FIRST STAGES . — PLATE 30. L ARVÆ OF L EPAS : SECOND AND LAST STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT .
  42. 42.ERRATA.
  43. 43.INDEX.
  44. 44.PLATES.

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